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Jilin ginseng, Panax ginseng , is a valuable medicinal herb whose ginsenosides are its major bioactive components. The ginseng oxidosqualene cyclase (PgOSC) gene family is known to play important roles in ginsenoside biosynthesis, but few members of the gene family have been functionally studied. The PgOSC gene family has been studied by an integrated analysis of gene expression-ginsenoside content correlation, gene mutation-ginsenoside content association and gene co-expression network, followed by functional analysis through gene regulation. We found that five of the genes in the PgOSC gene family, including two published ginsenoside biosynthesis genes and three new genes, were involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis. Not only were the expressions of these genes significantly correlated with ginsenoside contents, but also their nucleotide mutations significantly influenced ginsenoside contents. These results were further verified by regulation analysis of the genes by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in ginseng hairy roots. Four of these five PgOSC genes were mapped to the ginsenoside biosynthesis pathway. These PgOSC genes expressed differently across tissues, but relatively consistent across developmental stages. These PgOSC genes formed a single co-expression network with those published ginsenoside biosynthesis genes, further confirming their roles in ginsenoside biosynthesis. When the network varied, ginsenoside biosynthesis was significantly influenced, thus revealing the molecular mechanism of ginsenoside biosynthesis. At least five of the PgOSC genes, including the three newly identified and two published PgOSC genes, are involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis. These results provide gene resources and knowledge essential for enhanced research and applications of ginsenoside biosynthesis in ginseng. • Three new PgOSC genes involved in ginseng ginsenoside biosynthesis were identified. • Analyses of gene expression, mutation and network identify strong candidate genes. • Genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis are interacted in a form of network. • Variation of the gene network interactions greatly affects ginsenoside biosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with an increased risk of diabetes in adulthood. However, the potential mediational role of sleep duration in this association is unclear. A total of 116, 014 participants in the United States, from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey in 2020 were involved in the study. The effects of ACE status, different ACEs, and ACE scores on short sleep duration were examined using binary logistic regression analysis, and the association of ACE status, different types of ACEs, and ACE scores with diabetes and the mediating role of short sleep duration were observed. Path analysis was used to investigate short sleep duration as pathways between different types of ACEs and diabetes in adulthood. For the different types of ACEs, alcohol abuse in the household (OR = 1.13, 95%CI 1.08; 1.18), witnessing domestic violence (OR = 1.17, 95%CI 1.11; 1.23), emotional abuse (OR = 1.11, 95%CI 1.06; 1.16), physical abuse (OR = 1.22, 95%CI 1.17; 1.28), sexual abuse (OR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.18; 1.32) and short sleep duration (OR = 1.26, 95%CI 1.21; 1.32) independently increased the odds of diabetes. There was also an indirect relationship between alcohol abuse in the household, witnessing domestic violence, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and diabetes via short sleep duration. Short sleep duration plays a partial mediating role between ACEs and diabetes, including alcohol abuse in the household, witnessing domestic violence, physical and sexual abuse. • Each type of ACE was positively associated with short sleep duration. • Four types of ACEs were positively associated with diabetes. • Short sleep duration was positively associated with diabetes. • Short sleep duration plays a partial mediating role between ACEs and diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zwitterionic surface has been proven to be a good candidate for improving hemocompatible and antibiofouling properties. However, it can only passively repel the adsorption of microbes and is unable to kill the adherent or trapped microbes. The purpose of our study is to develop a facile method based on synergy “repel and kill” strategy and prepare dual antifouling and antibacterial surface. Herein, the poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) was first constructed via surface-initiated activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET-ATRP) method, followed by partial quaternization in order to form polycarboxybetaine and polysulfobetaine. The conversion rates of PDMAEMA to polyzwitterions were evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis (XPS). Surface characterizations by ATR-FTIR, XPS, and AFM demonstrated that zwitterionic polymer brushes were successfully grafted. The remained PDMAEMA(weak cationic) and formed zwitterions(neutral) endowed the surface with the synergetic antibacterial and antifouling properties. The resulting PET sheets showed outstanding antifouling property featured by the reduced adhesion of 3T3 fibroblast cells and E. coli . Additionally, these sheets displayed excellent hemocompatibility such as non-cytotoxicity, repelled protein adsorption, reduced platelet adhesion, and prolonged blood blotting time. These synergistic surfaces with neutral zwitterions and weak cations are promising for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperammonemia and jaundice are the most common clinical symptoms of hepatic failure. Decreasing the level of ammonia in the blood is often accompanied by a reduction in bilirubin in patients with hepatic failure. Previous studies have shown that hyperammonemia can cause bilirubin metabolism disorders, however it is unclear exactly how hyperammonemia interferes with bilirubin metabolism in hepatocytes. The purpose of the current study was to determine the mechanism or mechanisms by which hyperammonemia interferes with bilirubin metabolism in hepatocytes. Cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed in primary hepatocytes that had been exposed to ammonium chloride. Mitochondrial morphology and permeability were observed and analyzed, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were determined and changes in the expression of enzymes related to bilirubin metabolism were analyzed after ammonia exposure. Hyperammonemia inhibited cell growth, induced apoptosis, damaged the mitochondria and hindered the TCA cycle in hepatocytes. This led to a reduction in energy synthesis, eventually affecting the expression of enzymes related to bilirubin metabolism, which then caused further problems with bilirubin metabolism. These effects were significant, but could be reversed with the addition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This study demonstrates that ammonia can cause problems with bilirubin metabolism by interfering with energy synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We report a facile and effective strategy for synthesizing morphology-controlled patterned ZnO nanostructures. Polymeric nanowell arrays were employed as scaffold templates, followed by solution dipping and calcination process, polygonal ZnO nanobowl structures were fabricated on silicon substrate. The ordered polymeric nanowell arrays not only provided confined areas for depositing desired materials, but also induced shape transition of ZnO nanobowls from circular to polygonal. The morphology of the patterned ZnO nanostructures can be easily controlled by tuning parameters of polymeric nanowell arrays and other treatment conditions. The patterned structures were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: To elucidate the host transcriptional response to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Affymetrix porcine GeneChip analysis of pig mesenteric lymph nodes was used to identify 848 genes showing differential expression across different times after inoculation or when compared to non-inoculated controls. Annotation analyses showed that a high proportion of these differentially expressed (DE) genes are involved in immune and inflammatory responses. T helper 1, innate/inflammatory, and antigen-processing pathways were induced at 24 h post-inoculation (hpi) and/or 48 hpi, while apoptosis and antigen presentation/dendritic cell function pathways were downregulated at 8 hpi. Cluster analyses revealed that most DE genes annotated as NFκB targets were grouped into a specific induced subcluster, while many translation-related DE genes were found in a repressed subcluster. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses confirmed the Affymetrix results, revealing transcriptional induction of NFκB target genes at 24 hpi and suppression of the NFκB pathway from 24 to 48 hpi. We propose that such NFκB suppression in antigen-presenting cells may be the mechanism by which S. Typhimurium eludes a strong inflammatory response to establish a carrier status in pigs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Cardiovascular health (CVH) is closely associated with various noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and comorbidity; however, the influence of CVH on NCD multimorbidity was not fully elucidated. We aimed to examine the association between CVH using Life's Essential 8 (LE8) and NCD multimorbidity among adults, males, and females in the United States, conducting a cross-sectional analysis using data involving 24,445 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018. LE8 was categorized into low, moderate, and high CVH groups. Multivariate logistic regressions and restricted cubic spline regressions were used to estimate the association between LE8 and NCD multimorbidity. Overall, 6162 participants had NCD multimorbidity, of which 1168 (43.5%), 4343 (25.9%), and 651 (13.4%) had low, moderate, and high CVH, separately. After multivariable adjustment, LE8 was negatively associated with NCD multimorbidity among adults (odds ratio (OR) for per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in LE8 and 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.67 (0.64, 0.69)), and the top 3 NCDs associated with CVH were emphysema, congestive heart failure, stroke, and the dose-response relationships between LE8 and NCD multimorbidity were observed among adults (overall P < 0.001). Similar patterns were also identified among males and females. Higher CVH measured by the LE8 score was associated with lower odds of NCD multimorbidity among adults, males, and females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of ZnO is restricted by its low light absorption ability and high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers. In order to overcome these drawbacks, ZnO/CdS/CdSe heterostructures are prepared on Zn foil substrate using facile three-step methods containing hydrothermal growth, successive ionic layer adsorption reaction (SILAR) and modified chemical bath deposition (CBD). The effects of process parameters containing the number of SILAR cycles of CdS, sensitization sequence of CdS and CdSe, and precursors of CdSe on PEC performance of ZnO/CdS/CdSe heterostructures, and ZnO NRAs on PEC performance of CdS/CdSe co-sensitizer have been scrutinized. Through CdS and CdSe co-sensitization, a layer of CdS/CdSe nanofilm is conformally deposited on ZnO nanorod arrays (NRAs) observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both the visible-light absorption ability and separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers of ZnO NRAs are significantly enhanced evidenced by UV–vis diffuse reflectance absorption spectra, photoluminescence (PL) spectra and electrochemical impedance spectra. Due to the synergistic effect of ZnO NRAs and CdS/CdSe co-sensitizer, the ZnO/CdS/CdSe heterostructures with five SILAR cycles and one modified CBD cycle (ZnO-CdS5-CdSe) show efficient PEC properties with photocurrent density of 6.244 mA/cm2 at −0.2 V vs Ag/AgCl under light illumination of 100 mW/cm2, which are 57.28 and 4.73 times higher than those of pristine ZnO NRAs and CdS/CdSe clusters, respectively. Moreover, the photoconversion efficiency and incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of the ZnO-CdS5-CdSe photoanode reach 4.381% and 80.92%, respectively. The heterostructures based on Zn foil substrate in this study can be a promising candidate for practical PEC application and other applications such as photocatalytic degradation and solar cell due to its low manufacturing cost, large-scale production and efficient PEC ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of multiscale micro- and macroenvironment has been demonstrated as a critical role in designing biomimetic scaffolds for peripheral nerve tissue regeneration. While it remains a remarkable challenge for developing a biomimetic multiscale scaffold for enhancing 3D neuronal maturation and outgrowth. Herein, we present a 3D bioprinted multiscale scaffold based on a modular bioink for integrating the 3D micro- and macroenvironment of native nerve tissue. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)/Chitosan Microspheres (GC-MSs) were prepared by a microfluidic approach, and the effect of these microspheres on enhancing neurite outgrowth and elongation of PC12 cells was demonstrated. The 3D multiscale composite scaffolds were bioprinted based on microspheres and hydrogel as the modular bioink. The co-culture of PC12 cells and RSC96 Schwann cells within these 3D biomimetic scaffolds were investigated to evaluate such a 3D multiscale environment for neurite outgrowth and Schwann cell proliferation. These results indicate that such multiscale composite scaffold with hydrogel microspheres provided a suitable 3D microenvironment for enhancing neurite growth, and the 3D printed hydrogel network provided a 3D macroenvironment mimicking the epineurium layer for Schwann cells proliferation and nerve cell organization, which is promising for the great potential applications in nerve tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The vaccination-related modules were screened by weighted gene co-expression network. • The proportions of immune cells were inferred by CIBERSORT algorithm. • LILRB2 was a crucial gene in Omicron infection. • The upregulation of LILRB2 might affect MHC class I protein binding. To investigate the effect conferred by vaccination and previous infection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in molecular level, weighted gene co-expression network analysis was applied to screen vaccination, prior infection and Omicron infection-related gene modules in 46 Omicron outpatients and 8 controls, and CIBERSORT algorithm was used to infer the proportions of 22 subsets of immune cells. 15 modules were identified, where the brown module showed positive correlations with Omicron infection (r = 0.35, P = 0.01) and vaccination (r = 0.62, P = 1 × 10−6). Enrichment analysis revealed that LILRB2 was the unique gene shared by both phosphatase binding and MHC class I protein binding. Pathways including "B cell receptor signaling pathway" and "Fc γ R-mediated phagocytosis" were enriched in the vaccinated samples of the highly correlated LILRB2. LILRB2 was also identified as the second hub gene through PPI network, after LCP2. In conclusion, attenuated LILRB2 transcription in PBMC might highlight a novel target in overcoming immune evasion and improving vaccination strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper (Cu) and iron (Fe), the enzymatic cofactors required for various biochemical processes, have been recently linked to lipid metabolism. Adipose tissues play central roles in energy balance and whether copper and iron homeostasis is involved in cold-stimulated energy metabolism remains unknown. In this study, the Cu and Fe contents in interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (subWAT) from mice at different developmental stages were measured. Our results revealed the dynamic changes of Cu and Fe levels during development, suggesting their potential roles in energy homeostasis. Furthermore, the significantly increased Cu and Fe contents and the markedly up-regulated CTR1 and ATP7A expression in acute cold-stimulated BAT indicates the involvement of both Cu and Fe in the BAT-mediated thermogenesis. Comparably, no change in the Cu and Fe levels in cold-stimulated subWAT was observed at the indicated time points, suggesting that both metals are not involved in the cellular process of cold-induced WAT browning. Taken together, these data demonstrate the induction of Cu and Fe in acute cold-stimulated BAT activation, thus providing the direct evidences of the involvement of copper and iron homeostasis in BAT-mediated non-shivering energy metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To elucidate the key miRNAs and the signalling pathways that are involved in porcine oocyte maturation, we performed a deep sequencing analysis of the miRNAs of pig germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes and metaphase II (MII) oocytes. Seven differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified and the expression levels of miR-21 and miR-27b-3p were further confirmed by QPCR analysis. The target genes of 7 DE miRNAs were predicted and subjected to pathway analysis. Interestingly, fatty acid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis were the top two significantly enriched molecular functions during oocyte maturation. Heat map, which was built with 7 DE miRNAs and the enriched the molecular functions, revealed that miR-21, miR-27b-3p, miR-10a-5p and miR-10b-5p were involved in fatty acid metabolism. In particular, the regulatory role of miR-27b-3p on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) was confirmed by their inversed expression patterns in GV and MII oocytes and luciferase report assays. In addition, we observed that PPARγ agonist (rosiglitazone) treatment significantly enhanced porcine oocyte maturation rate and early embryo developmental competent. Taken together, our results demonstrated that miR-27b and its target, PPARγ, play the vital roles in pig oocyte maturation through regulating the fatty acid metabolism. These data increased our understanding of the regulatory gene networks in porcine oocyte maturation and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) has autocrine and paracrine functions in chondrogenesis osteogenesis, hair growth, and gonadal differentiation. We have expressed recombinant human FGF9 (rhFGF9) in the oil bodies of Arabidopsis thaliana via the floral dip method. The expression vector pOTB–rhFGF9 contained an oleosin–rhFGF9 fusion gene and a glufosinate resistance gene for selection. This plasmid was transformed into A. thaliana and expression of the fusion protein oleosin–rhFGF9 confirmed by SDS–PAGE and Western blotting. Furthermore, MTT assays demonstrated that the oil bodies expressed oleosin–rhFGF9 from the transgenic A. thaliana had a remarkable proliferation effect on NIH/3T3 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are two classic adipose tissues in mammals, white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). It has been well known that browning of WAT can be induced by cold exposure. In this study, to identify the novel cold responsive key miRNAs that are involved in browning, mice were housed at 6 °C for 10 days, and deep sequencing of the miRNAs of WAT and BAT was performed. Our data showed that WAT and BAT displayed distinct expression profiles due to their different locations, morphology and biological function. A total of 27 BAT and 29 WAT differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified in response to cold stimulation, respectively (fold change >2 and false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05), of which, 9 were overlapped in both adipose tissues. Furthermore, the potential target genes of the DE miRNAs from BAT and WAT were predicted computationally, and the KEGG pathway analysis revealed the enrichment pathways in cold stimulated adipose tissues. The expression pattern of miR-144-3p/Bmpr1b/Phlda1 and miR-146a-5p/Sphk2 were further measured by qPCR. Finally, we found that miR-146a-5p was significantly induced during the primary adipogenesis caused by BAT differentiation, whereas miR-144-3p was decreased. Our study identifies for the first time the novel miRNAs involved in browning of WAT by sequencing and expands the therapeutic approaches for combating metabolic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Conventional chemotherapy is still frequently used. Programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) enhances apoptosis of various tumor cells triggered by certain stimuli and is lowly expressed in leukemic cells from chronic myelogenous leukemia patients. Here, we describe for the first time that recombinant human PDCD5 protein (rhPDCD5) in combination with chemotherapy drugs has potent antitumor effects on chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells in vitro and in vivo. The antitumor efficacy of rhPDCD5 protein with chemotherapy drugs, idarubicin (IDR) or cytarabine (Ara-C), was examined in K562 cells in vitro and K562 xenograft tumor models in vivo. rhPDCD5 protein markedly increased the apoptosis rates and decreased the colony-forming capability of K562 cells after the combined treatment with IDR or Ara-C. rhPDCD5 protein by intraperitoneal administration dramatically improved the antitumor effects of IDR treatment in the K562 xenograft model. The tumor sizes and cell proliferation were significantly decreased; and TUNEL positive cells were significantly increased in the combined group with rhPDCD5 protein and IDR treatment compared with single IDR treatment groups. rhPDCD5 protein, in combination with IDR, has potent antitumor effects on chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells and may be a novel and promising agent for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: High-quality and stable PS@TiO2 core–shell microsphere colloidal crystals were prepared by electrostatic colloid stabilization combined with two-substrate vertical deposition method. The polyelectrolyte stabilized colloids self-assembled into face-centered cubic arrays with the (111) face perpendicular to the substrate. These colloidal crystals are gifted with high mechanical stability toward the flow of solution. Structure-property correlations were made using scanning electron microscopy and UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy. Optical spectra showed the presence of an L-stopband peak in the photonic band structure. Besides, these PS@TiO2 colloidal crystals can be used as templates to fabricate the nonspherical macro-porous materials, and complete band gaps can be more easily obtained from such structure than from their spherical counterparts due to their lower symmetries. This work will hold the promise of enhanced photonic band gap materials. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The soil fungus Fusarium spp, is the main cause of apple replant disease in China. The M9T337 apple rootstock was used to investigate the molecular responses to Fusarium solani infection using transcriptome analysis. We identified 667 differentially expressed genes in F. solani -infected rootstocks, of which 543 were up-regulated and 124 were down-regulated. These differentially expressed genes included receptor kinases, transcription factors, and genes involved in the production and transport of metabolites. In particular, secondary metabolites can enhance plant resistance to pathogens while P450s and UDP-glycosyltransferase play a unique roles in the defense response. • The molecular responses of apple root to Fusarium solani infection was reached using RNA-seq. • DEGs function was analyzed in different process of defense responses, such as receptor kinases, transcription factors, and genes involved in the production and transportation of metabolites. • The secondary metabolites, can enhance plant resistance to pathogen, are important in defence response. • P450s and UDP-glycosyltransferase plays an unique role in defence response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver X receptor (LXR) activation can achieve satisfactory anti-atherosclerotic activity, but can also lead to the development of fatty liver and hypertriglyceridemia. In contrast, Notch inhibition can suppress both atherosclerosis and the hepatic accumulation of lipids. In the present study, we sought to assess whether combining LXR ligand agonists (T317) with Notch receptor inhibitors (DAPT) would lead to enhanced anti-atherosclerotic activity while overcoming the adverse events associated with LXR ligand agonist therapy. The impact of the combined T317 + DAPT therapeutic regimen on atherosclerosis, fatty liver development, and hypertriglyceridemia was assessed using ApoE deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. The results of this analysis suggested that DAPT was able to improve the anti-atherosclerotic activity of T317 without reducing the stability of lesion plaques while simultaneously reducing blood lipids in treated ApoE−/− mice. This combination T317 + DAPT treatment was also linked with a significant upregulation of ABCA1 and the stimulation of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), as well as with decreases in the levels of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and p-p65, and with altered M1/M2 macrophage proportions within atherosclerotic plaques. Importantly, DAPT was also able to reduce T317-mediated lipid accumulation within the liver owing to its ability to reduce SREBP-1 expression while simultaneously increasing that of Pi-AMPKα and PPARα. Together, our results suggest that administering Notch receptor inhibitors to ApoE−/− mice may be an effective means of enhancing the anti-atherosclerotic activity of LXR ligand agonists while simultaneously limiting associated fatty liver and hypertriglyceridemia development in these animals. Unlabelled Image • Inhibition of Notch1 enhances the anti-atherosclerotic effects of LXR agonists. • Inhibition of Notch1 decreases LXR agonists-induced fatty liver. • LXR agonist plus Notch1 inhibitor may represent a therapy on atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial leaf streak of rice (BLS), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), is an increasingly serious disease in southwestern China. This study aimed to evaluate the response of the native rice variety Hongyou-4 (HY4) to two different transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) genotypes of Xoc. HY4 was significantly susceptible to Xoc strain 13T19 and resistant to Xoc strain YM15. Transcriptomic analysis of HY4 leaves inoculated with the two Xoc TALEs genotypes revealed 1339 and 1219 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in rice inoculated with Xoc strain 13T19 (HY.Q) and Xoc strain YM15 (HY.R), respectively, compared to the control. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) for expression of 10 randomly selected genes was used to verify the RNA-Seq data. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the transcriptomic data showed DEGs of defense-related genes were predominantly assigned to 11 GO terms, with nine terms showing differential expression in HY4 after inoculation with the two Xoc genotypes. KEGG pathway clustering analysis revealed DEGs involved in plant-pathogen interactions and secondary metabolite pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were down-regulated in HY.Q compared to HY.R. Four transcription factors including bZIP, GLK, MADS, and MYB families, three resistance genes, and the TalAM2 effector target gene OsSWEET13, were differentially expressed in HY4 inoculated with the two Xoc TALEs genotypes. These data clarify the mechanism of interactions between rice and different TALE genotypes of Xoc , and can help reveal disease-related metabolic pathways, molecular regulatory networks, and candidate genes involved in rice responses to TALEs of Xoc. • Transcriptome profiles of a rice HY4 responding to two Xoc strains 13T19 and YM15 was described. • A local rice variety Hongyou-4, which is of good yield and quality was used. • TAL gene numbers in these two strains are different, implying TAL genes virulence in rice. • We identified 4 transcription factors (TFs), 3 resistance gene and the TalAM2 effector target gene OsSWEET13. • The mechanism of interactions between rice and different TALEs genotypes Xoc was revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]