Search

Rice is an important raw material for rice noodle production. Nitrogen fertilizer has great influence on the formation and content of starch and protein in rice. In this study, the effects of four nitrogen fertilizer levels on quality of rice and rice noodle were analyzed, which provided a basis for the establishment of high quality and yield cultivation technology of rice noodle variety. Amylose content in rice reduced and protein content increased (7.00 % - 9.33 %) with an increase in nitrogen input (N0:0 kg/ha, 23.85 %; N1: 90 kg/ha, 22.54 %; N2: 150 kg/ha, 22.50 %; N3: 270 kg/ha, 21.71 %). The chalky rice rate decreased, while the brown rice rate and head rice rate increased. The quality of rice noodles was also affected, which can be proved by changes in various properties such as breaking rate, swelling power, solubility, and cooking loss rate. Nitrogen fertilizer seriously affected the rice flour gelatinization process with increased crystallinity, decreased gelatinization enthalpy (∆Hg,) and decreased RVA (Rapid Visco Analysis) profiles (except setback). However, with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer addition, the sensory properties of rice noodles gradually increased to N2 level and then decreased. • Protein content increased and amylose content dropped as nitrogen input increased. • Nitrogen fertilizer reduces the quality of rice noodle by affecting the gelatinization process. • The amount of protein had a significant negative correlation with ∆Hg, ∆Hr. • The amount of protein had a significant positive correlation with PKV, HPV, and CPV. • Appropriate fertilizer should be used for planting rice noodle varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practice of returning straw to agricultural fields is a globally employed technique. Such agricultural fields also receive a significant amount of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers, because these two macronutrients are essential for plant growth and development. However, the consequences of such macronutrients input on straw decomposition, soil dissolved organic matter (DOM), key microbes, and lignocellulolytic enzymes are still unclear. In a similar aim, we designed a long-term straw returning study without and with different N and P nutrient supplementation: CK (N 0 P 0), T1 (N 120 P 0), T2 (N 120 P 60), T3 (N 120 P 90), T4 (N 120 P 120), T5 (N 0 P 90), T6 (N 60 P 90), and T7 (N 180 P 90), and evaluated their impact on rice and oilseed rape yield, soil DOM, enzymes, lignocellulose content, microbial diversity, and composition. We found straw returning improved overall yield in all treatments and T7 showed the highest yield for oilseed rape (30.31–38.87 g/plant) and rice (9.14–9.91 t/ha) during five-years of study. The fertilizer application showed a significant impact on soil physicochemical properties, such as water holding capacity and soil porosity decreased, and bulk density increased in fertilized treatments, as compared to CK. Similarly, significantly low OM, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content were found in T7, T4, T3, and T2, while high values were found in CK and T5, respectively. The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectra of DOM of different treatments revealed that T3, T7, T4, and T6 showed high peak M (microbial by-products), peak A and peak C (humic acid-like) as compared to others. The microbial composition was also distinctive in each treatment and a high relative abundance of Chloroflexi , Actinobacteriota , Ascomycota , and Basidiomycota were found in T2 and T3 treatments, respectively. These findings indicate that the decomposition of straw in the agricultural field was dependent on nutrients input, which facilitated key microbial growth and impacted positively on lignocellulolytic enzymes, which further aided the breakdown of all components of straw in the field efficiently. On the other hand, high input of chemical based fertilizers to soil can lead to several environmental issues, such as nutrient imbalance, nutrient runoff, soil pH change and changes in microbial activities. Keeping that in consideration, we recommend moderate fertilizer dosage (N 120 P 90) in such fields to achieve higher decomposition of crop straw with a small yield compromise. [Display omitted] • The impact of nutrient application on soil physicochemical properties was evaluated. • The high yield was found in highly N and P fertilized treatments. • Nutrient application enhances the degradation of organic matter and lignocellulose. • N and P fertilization increased soil enzyme activities and microbial richness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fertilizer with nitrogen and phosphorus is one of the key elements influencing rice quality. In this study, the impact of nitrogen (N) (0, 90, 150, 270 kg N ha−1) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer (0, 15, 30, 60 kg P ha−1) on the physicochemical characteristics of two indica rice types were examined. N fertilizer had a bigger impact on the hybrid rice's quality than P fertilizer. Different rice cultivars with more N and P fertilizer had lower amylose levels and higher protein levels. Adding N fertilizer increased the peak viscosity (PV), Breakdown (BD), consistency (CS), crystallinity, and hardness of rice variety with low amylose content (LAC), decreased setback (SB) and stickiness, made the taste quality worse; However, the decrease of gelatinization enthalpy (ΔHgel) of rice variety with high amylose content (HAC) to reduce the taste quality. Proper amount of P fertilizer can improve the taste quality by reducing PV, BD, hardness and increasing hold viscosity (HPV), SB and stickiness. • N and P fertilizer influenced amylose and protein content of rice varieties. • Excessive phosphorus fertilizer reduced the taste quality of rice. • Appropriate fertilizer should be used for planting rice of different amylose types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DEAH-box helicase 15 (DHX15) is ATP-dependent RNA helicase which is known for its role in RNA metabolism. Recent studies reported DHX15 involves in the intestinal immunity. However, the role of DHX15 (or RNA helicase) in intestinal development is poorly understood. Here, we revealed an unidentified role for dhx15 in regulating zebrafish intestinal development. We found the profound intestinal defects in dhx15 knockout zebrafish. Decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of the intestine cells were observed when dhx15 were deleted. Further RNA genome wide analysis and qRT-PCR analysis showed the Wnt signaling pathway is down-regulated in the dhx15 knockout zebrafish. Thus, we concluded that dhx15 regulates zebrafish intestinal development through the Wnt signaling pathway. Here, we provided new insights into the role of dhx15 in intestinal development beyond its well-characterized role in intestinal immunity. • Dhx15 is distinctly expressed in the intestine during zebrafish embryonic development. • Dhx15 is essential for the zebrafish intestinal development. • Dhx15 regulates zebrafish intestinal development through the Wnt signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]