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To optimise the under-membrane fertiliser application of "one film for two years" technology, this paper established the model of T1 and T2 roller hole applicators and adopted discrete element method - multi-body dynamics (DEM-MBD) coupling technology to simulate the under-membrane fertiliser application process and to optimise water and fertiliser application using transport laws under the whole-membrane double-rowed furrow. The coupling results showed that when the roller hole applicator advances at 1 m s−1, the hole application volume of T1 and T2 models is 14.43 g and 15.02 g, respectively, the particle velocity of the membrane pore is 0.2–0.8 m s−1 and 0.2–0.96 m s−1, respectively, the resistance of the hole tying is 21.67 N and 21.41 N, respectively, and the soil disturbance velocity is respectively 1.54 m s−1 and 1.31 m s−1. The HYDRUS-2D/3D was used to simulate the under-membrane fertiliser application process. The results of HYDRUS-2D/3D showed that the water content of the soil in the furrow was 12.7–13.5%, the water absorption rate of the crop root system was 0.2 cm d−1, and the concentration value at the centre point of the fertiliser application in the furrow was 0.72–0.88 mg cm−3. The results of the study showed that the roller hole applicator meets the requirements of the "one-membrane-two-use" under-membrane fertiliser application of full-film dual-monopoly furrow. The results provide a theoretical basis for the optimisation and enhancement of water and fertiliser transport in full film two monopoly furrow. [Display omitted] • Simulation of fertilizer application using coupled DEM-MBD technique. • Particle modelling of full-film duopoly films using the discrete element approach. • HYDRUS-2D/3D simulation of soil water and fertilizer transport. • Integration of agro-mechanical and agronomic technologies. • Modelling two types of roller hole fertiliser applicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • This is the first time to report precocious puberty and growth retardation male Macrobrachium rosenbergii by transcriptome sequencing. • The data presented here reveals key insights into the genetic markers of precocious puberty and growth retardation of male M. rosenbergii. Macrobrachium rosenbergii is an important economic aquatic animal and has been cultivated worldwide. However, it has suffered a disease of precocious puberty and growth retardation. This disease was also called iron prawn syndrome (IPS) in recent years. However, the cause of this disease has thus far remained a mystery. The present work utilized transcriptome sequencing technology to acquire gene expression information of gonads and to find the differentially expressed genes(DEGs) between diseased and normal male prawn. Finally, 426 significantly expressed genes were identified(p less than 0.01, |log2FC|≥1), of which 171 genes were up-regulated and 255 were down-regulated. Furthermore, DEGs were annotated to 36 GO terms and 202 KEGG pathways. Enrichment analysis of DEGs resulted in 10 significantly enriched GO terms and a total of 12 significantly enriched KEGG pathways. Analysis of the transcriptome sequences and DEGs identified several unigenes and pathways involved in precocious puberty and growth retardation. Quantitative PCR was performed to validate accuracy of the RNA-seq and the expression level of 10 genes, calculated by two analysis method, was mostly consistent. This is the first time to report precocious puberty and growth retardation male M. rosenbergii by transcriptome sequencing. The data presented here reveals key insights into the genetic markers of precocious puberty and growth retardation of male M. rosenbergii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]