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• Acute pancreatitis patients developing acute kidney injury (AKI) have high mortality. • IL-8 levels at baseline can predict AKI with high sensitivity and specificity. • IL-8 levels are higher in AP with AKI patients requiring percutaneous drainage. • IL-6 is higher in AP with AKI patients requiring dialysis and inotropic support. To study the natural course of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) with acute kidney injury (AKI) and their cytokine profile. Natural course of patients with AP and AKI was studied in 97 individuals. Levels of TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8 and IL-1β were measured at presentation and at 72 h in patients who developed AKI. Amongst the entire cohort, 16.4% patients developed AKI (persistent AKI – 11 patients, transient AKI – 5 patients). Mortality rate was 25% amongst patients with AKI. Levels of IL-6 (p = 0.035) and IL-8 (p = 0.002) were found to be significantly higher in the AKI group. On multivariate analysis, IL-8 levels at baseline were found to be an independent predictor of AKI. AKI group had significant rise of TNF-α (P < 0.001), IL-6 (P < 0.001) and IL- 1β (P < 0.001) on day 3 whereas persistent-AKI group had significant rise of TNF-α (p = 0.031), IL-6 (p = 0.001) and IL-1β on day 3 and significant decline of IL-10 (p = 0.015). Using a cut-off of 105 pg/ml, IL-8 levels at baseline could predict AKI with a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 59.2%, with area under the curve being 0.744 (p = 0.002). AP patients developing AKI have poor prognosis. IL-8 levels can predict AKI in patients with AP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]