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Abstract: Objective: In Chinese adults, the trend of central obesity and its longitudinal association with hypertension, independent of general obesity, was examined. Methods: A 12-year longitudinal analysis was conducted using data retrieved from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. This study examined 6096 individuals (normotensive in 1997) who were followed up with in 2000, 2004, 2006, and 2009. Prevalence of hypertension in 2009 was predicted by baseline central obesity and waist circumference changes during a 12-year follow-up period along with confounding covariates using multiple logistic regressions. Results: Between 1997 and 2009, the prevalence of central obesity increased from 17.3% to 39.4% and was highest among individuals ≥60years of age in 1997. By 2009, 26.8% of the participants developed hypertension. The odds ratio of developing hypertension during the 12-year study period for Chinese adults with central obesity at baseline was 1.79 (95% confidence interval=1.36–2.35) compared to those without central obesity, controlling for general obesity, demographics, smoking/drinking behavior, and fat intake. Conclusions: Among Chinese adults, central obesity increases the risk for developing hypertension later in life, even after controlling for general obesity, smoking, drinking, and high fat intake among other factors. Waist circumference should be targeted in the efforts of hypertension prevention. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background and Aim: In most species, including humans, food preference is primarily controlled by nutrient value. However, the gut-brain pathways involved in preference learning remain elusive. The aim of the present study, performed in C57BL6/J mice, was to characterize the roles in nutrient preference of two critical elements of gut-brain pathways, i.e. the duodenum and vagal gut innervation.Methods: Adult wild-type C57BL6/J mice from a normal-weight cohort sustained one of the following three procedures: duodenal-jejunal bypass intestinal rerouting (DJB), total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (SDV), or sham surgery. Mice were assessed in short-term two-bottle preference tests before and after 24 h s exposures to solutions containing one of glutamate, lipids, sodium, or glucose.Results: DJB and SDV interfered in preference formation in a nutrient-specific manner: whereas normal preference learning for lipids and glutamate was disrupted by both DJB and SDV, these interventions did not alter the formation of preferences for glucose. Interestingly, sodium preferences were abrogated by DJB but not by SDV.Conclusions: Different macronutrients make use of distinct gut-brain pathways to influence food preferences, thereby mirroring nutrient-specific processes of food digestion. Specifically, whereas both vagal innervation and duodenal sensing appear critical for generating responses to fats and protein, glucose preferences recruit post-duodenal, vagal-independent pathways in pair with the control of glucose homeostasis. Overall, our data suggest that the physiological processes involved in digesting and absorbing fats, amino acids, and glucose overlap with those mediating learned preferences for each of these nutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enteritis posed a significant health challenge to golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) populations. In this research, a comprehensive multi-omics strategy was implemented to elucidate the pathogenesis of enteritis by comparing both healthy and affected golden pompano. Histologically, enteritis was characterized by villi adhesion and increased clustering after inflammation. Analysis of the intestinal microbiota revealed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the abundance of specific bacterial strains, including Photobacterium and Salinivibrio , in diseased fish compared to the healthy group. Metabolomic analysis identified 5479 altered metabolites, with significant impacts on terpenoid and polyketide metabolism, as well as lipid metabolism (P < 0.05). Additionally, the concentrations of several compounds such as calcitetrol, vitamin D2, arachidonic acid, and linoleic acid were significantly reduced in the intestines of diseased fish post-enteritis (P < 0.05), with the detection of harmful substances such as Efonidipine. In transcriptomic profiling, enteritis induced 68 upregulated and 73 downregulated genes, predominantly affecting steroid hormone receptor activity (P < 0.05). KEGG pathway enrichment analysis highlighted upregulation of SQLE and CYP51 in steroidogenesis, while the HSV-1 associated MHC1 gene exhibited significant downregulation. Integration of multi-omics results suggested a potential pathogenic mechanism: enteritis may have resulted from concurrent infection of harmful bacteria, specifically Photobacterium and Salinivibrio , along with HSV-1. Efonidipine production within the intestinal tract may have blocked certain calcium ion channels, leading to downregulation of MHC1 gene expression and reduced extracellular immune recognition. Upregulation of SQLE and CYP51 genes stimulated steroid hormone synthesis within cells, which, upon binding to G protein-coupled receptors, influenced calcium ion transport, inhibited immune activation reactions, and further reduced intracellular synthesis of anti-inflammatory substances like arachidonic acid. Ultimately, this cascade led to inflammation progression, weakened intestinal peristalsis, and villi adhesion. This study utilized multi-level omics detection to investigate the pathological symptoms of enteritis and proposed a plausible pathogenic mechanism, providing innovative insights into enteritis verification and treatment in offshore cage culture of golden pompano. • Enteritis in golden pompano was associate with the intestinal microbiota in harmful bacteria, namely Photobacterium and Salinivibrio. • Efonidipine production lead to downregulation of MHC1 and reduced extracellular immune recognition. • The upregulation of SQLE and CYP51 leading to increased steroid hormone synthesis cause the intestinal inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]