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Microbial source tracking (MST) technology represents an innovative approach employed to trace fecal contamination in environmental water systems. The performance of primers may be affected by amplification techniques, target primer categories, and regional differences. To investigate the influence of these factors on primer recognition performance, a meta-analysis was conducted on the application of MST in water environments using three databases: Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed (n = 2291). After data screening, 46 studies were included in the final analysis. The investigation encompassed Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)/quantitative PCR (qPCR) methodologies, dye-based (SYBR)/probe-based (TaqMan) techniques, and geographical differences of a human host-specific (HF183) primer and other 21 additional primers. The results indicated that the primers analyzed were capable of differentiating host specificity to a certain degree. Nonetheless, by comparing sensitivity and specificity outcomes, it was observed that virus-based primers exhibited superior specificity and recognition capacity, as well as a stronger correlation with human pathogenicity in water environments compared to bacteria-based primers. This finding highlights an important direction for future advancements. Moreover, within the same category, qPCR did not demonstrate significant benefits over conventional PCR amplification methods. In comparing dye-based and probe-based techniques, it was revealed that the probe-based method's advantage lay primarily in specificity, which may be associated with the increased propensity of dye-based methods to produce false positives. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of the HF183 primer was not detected in China, Canada, and Singapore respectively, indicating a low likelihood of regional differences. The variation among the 21 other primers may be attributable to regional differences, sample sources, detection techniques, or alternative factors. Finally, we identified that economic factors, climatic conditions, and geographical distribution significantly influence primer performance. [Display omitted] • Meta-analysis for primers and impact factors to their recognition performance. • Viruses-based primers showed a better specificity and recognition ability. • Regional differences of HF183 was not observed in China, Canada, and Singapore. • The influence factors from sample to environment of 21 primers had been listed. • Meta-analysis of economy, climate, and geographic zone on the primers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Milk-derived small extracellular vesicles (M-sEVs), a critical bioactive component in breast milk, are believed to have an essential role in health, especially in infant development. In early life, bifidobacteria are a dominant genera in the gastrointestinal tract, which can be regulated by specific compounds such as human milk oligosaccharides. However, little is known about the effects of M-sEVs on bifidobacteria. Here, a novel method to generate high-yield M-sEVs was developed and then representative bifidobacteria species were exposed to those M-sEVs. We found that M-sEVs stimulated the growth of bifidobacteria and were absorbed by the bifidobacteria. Different bifidobacteria species responded variously to the M-sEVs. Next, we demonstrated that M-sEVs altered the mRNA profile of B. longum subsp. infantis , and regulated some genes related to carbohydrate metabolism of B. longum subsp. infantis and other bifidobacteria species to accelerate bifidobacteria growth. Overall, the study revealed the supportive effects of M-sEVs on bifidobacteria, and the mechanisms involved. • M-sEVs promote the growth rate of bifidobacteria and increase bacteria numbers of bifidobacteria. • Different bifidobacteria species respond to the M-sEVs variously. • M-sEVs can be uptake by bifidobacteria and regulate genes expression of bifidobacteria. • M-sEVs promote B. longum subsp. infantis growth by accelerating glucose metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactoferrin (LF) is known to stimulate osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, potential to be applied in products improving skeletal health. However, LF is sensitive to thermal processing, and oral administration leads to hydrolysis in gastrointestinal tract, probably influencing the osteogenic activity. To determine the impacts of heat treatment, we explored the changes in secondary structure and surface hydrophobicity underlying aggregation along with surface charge alteration of bovine LF under four conditions commonly used in dairy production and found 72 °C/15 s, bringing the least structural alteration, was optimal to retain effect of LF promoting osteogenesis, while LF was completely deprived of the effect treated at 85 °C/10 min and 95 °C/10 min. In vitro adult and infant digestion models were established to identify the degradation of LF, and, despite impaired effect on osteoblast growth, LF hydrolysates from intestinal digestion stage presented stronger effect of boosting osteoblast differentiation independent of p38 and vitamin D receptor. [Display omitted] • 72 °C/15 s is optimal to retain structure and osteogenic activity of lactoferrin. • 85 °C/10 min and 95 °C/10 min severely impair osteogenic activity of lactoferrin. • Lactoferrin loses effect of promoting osteoblast proliferation with degradation. • Gastrointestinal digests of lactoferrin stimulate osteoblast differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Necroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that depends on the receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). The molecular mechanisms underlying distinct instances of necroptosis have only recently begun to emerge. In the present study, we characterized RABGEF1 as a positive regulator of RIPK1/RIPK3 activation in vitro. Based on the overexpression and knockdown experiments, we determined that RABGEF1 accelerated the phosphorylation of RIPK1 and promoted necrosome formation in L929 cells. The pro-necrotic effect of RABGEF1 is associated with its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity. We further confirmed that RABGEF1 interacts with cIAP1 protein by inhibiting its function and plays a regulatory role in necroptosis, which can be abolished by treatment with the antagonist Smac mimetic (SM)-164. In conclusion, our study highlights a potential and novel role of RABGEF1 in promoting TNF-induced cell necrosis. • RABGEF1 promotes the phosphorylation of RIPK1 and formation of complex Ⅱb in L929 cells. • RABGEF1 does not affect TNF-induced activation of NF-kB and MAPK signaling pathways. • Knockdown of RABGEF1 levels inhibits TNF-induced necroptosis and necrosome formation. • The pro-necrotic effect of RABGEF1 is associated with the A20-type zinc finger and Vps9 domains. • RABGEF1 interacts with cIAP1 but does not affect cIAP1 protein levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in the pathobiology of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Though radiotherapy remains the most effective component of multiple therapies for patients with GBM, lncRNAs conferring GBM radioresistance are less unknown. Here, the present study identified that the antisense transcript of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (AHIF) was upregulated in GBM cells after radiotherapy. The deregulation of AHIF affected GBM cell clonogenic formation, DNA repair and apoptosis. Notably, knockdown of AHIF inhibited tumorigenesis after radiotherapy in vivo. Further biochemical analysis identified that AHIF regulated proteins associated with apoptosis after radiotherapy. Thus, the present data illustrate that suppression of AHIF increases radiosensitivity in GBM cells, which may be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for GBM patients. Highlights • AHIF is significantly upregulated in glioma cells after irradiation. • AHIF overexpression confers resistance to radiotherapy both in vitro and in vivo. • Analysis of the mechanism by which AHIF plays a role in radiation resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa NY3 for the treatment of highly concentrated crude oil-contaminated water, the immobilization of strain NY3 on the surface of polyurethane foam (PUF), the conditions for using these biofilms and the possibility of recovering the used biofilms were studied. The results demonstrated that the biofilm formation process for strain NY3 was quick and easy. Under optimum conditions, the biomass immobilized on the PUF surface could reach 488.32 mg dry cell/g dry PUF. The results demonstrated that when the degradation time was 12 h, the average oil removal rate in 2 g crude oil/L contaminated water was approximately 90% for 40d. Meanwhile, the biofilms could be recovered for reuse. The recovery ability and the high and steady oil removal rate facilitated the application of the biofilms for the removal of concentrated oil from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is well known as a highly aggressive brain tumor subtype. Here, we show that overexpression (OE) of dematin actin-binding protein (DMTN) inhibits GBM proliferation and invasion by affecting cell cycle regulation and actin remodeling, respectively. RT–qPCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining demonstrated a significant reduction in DMTN expression in gliomas, especially in high-grade gliomas (HGG) compared with normal brains, which correlates with worse survival in HGG patients. Functional studies revealed inhibitory effects of DMTN on tumor proliferation and migratory capacities. The attenuation in tumor proliferative ability upon DMTN OE was accompanied by RhoA suppression and CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, and cyclin D1 downregulation, while RhoA rescue restored the proliferative phenotype. Meanwhile, overexpression of DMTN produced profoundly disorganized stress fibers, which led to impaired tumor invasion. Furthermore, DMTN overexpression produced substantial suppression of tumor growth upon subcutaneous and intracranial implantation in mice, and this was accompanied by significantly reduced vinculin expression and Ki67 positivity. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the role of DMTN in regulating GBM cell proliferation, actin cytoskeleton, and cell morphology and identify DMTN as a vital tumor suppressor in GBM progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The egg curd is one of the most promising ready-to-eat egg products in China, which can greatly enhance the commercial value of eggs. At present, there are few studies on the spoilage bacteria of egg curds and the suitable heat treatment condition remains obscure. This study isolated and identified the spoilage bacteria from egg curds and then determined a suitable heat treatment condition. Bacillus velezensis EC 1 and Bacillus cereus EC 2 were isolated from spoiled products. The B. velezensis EC 1 spore was more thermal resistant than B. velezensis EC 1. The D 90 , D 95 and D 100 values of B. cereus EC 2 spores were 7.97, 2.23 and 0.93 min respectively, while the values of B. velezensis EC 1 spores were 26.87, 6.80 and 2.18 min, respectively. Based on the above D-values, we designed several heat treatment intensities and evaluated the heat treatment effect through shelf-life experiment. The egg curds heated at 100 °C for 10 min could maintain microbial safety during the 180-day storage period and the pH, total volatile basic nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values were relatively more stable. Therefore, in this study, the most suitable heat treatment condition for egg curds is 100 °C, 10 min. These findings will provide realistic guidance for egg curd manufacturers. • The spoilage microbes in heat treated egg curds were identified as B. velezensis and B. cereus. • The putrefaction ability of B. cereus EC 2 was stronger than that of B. velezensis EC 1. • The B. velezensis EC 1 spore was more thermal resistant than B. velezensis EC 1 spore. • The egg curds heated at 100 °C for 10 min could maintain microbial safety and the chemical indexes were relatively stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]