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• Vertically aligned Co-doped MoS 2 nanosheet array is prepared via CVD sulfurization. • The morphology is controlled by tuning CoCl 2 content in CoCl 2 -MoCl 5 precursor film. • The array exposes active edge sites primarily and facilitates electron transport. • Co-atom doping activates in-plane S atoms presenting at splits of nanosheets. A combination of high surface area, fast-speed charge transportation, excellent intrinsic activity, and low material cost is desired for electrocatalysts' applications, such as hydrogen production, counter electrodes of electrochemical solar cells, etc. In this regard, we originally develop a vertically aligned Co-doped MoS 2 nanosheet array via a facile chemical vapour deposition (CVD) approach that utilizes the reaction between drop-coated CoCl 2 -MoCl 5 precursor film and sulfur vapour released from elemental sulfur powder. Such structure that exposes primarily edge sites of the nanosheets provides reaction with more active centers and guarantees that electrons transport almost along high-electron-mobility basal plane of MoS 2. Simultaneously, the catalytic activity of the in-plane S atoms of MoS 2 , exposing at the splits of MoS 2 nanosheets, can be triggered via Co atom-doping. Such an array that is in-situ grown on graphite foil substrate performs as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction with an overpotential of 185 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm−2 and an extremely high TOF 0.56 s−1 at 200 mV overpotential, meanwhile, sponsoring as a counter electrode for efficient (8.99%) dye-sensitized solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sequence-specific interactions between proteins and DNA are essential for a variety of biological functions. The (cytosine-C5)-methyltransferase from HhaI (M.HhaI) specifically modifies the second base in GCGC sequences, employing a base flipping mechanism to access the target base being chemically modified. The mechanism of sequence-specific recognition of M.HhaI is not evident based on crystallographic structures, leading to the suggestion that recognition is linked to the flipping event itself, a process that may be referred to as energetic recognition. Using computational methods, it is shown that the free energy barriers to flipping are significantly higher in non-cognate versus the cognate sequence, supporting the energetic recognition mechanism. Energetic recognition is imparted by two protein “selectivity filters” that function via a “web” of protein–DNA interactions in short-lived, high energy states present along the base flipping pathway. Other sequence-specific DNA binding proteins whose function involves significant distortion of DNA''s conformation may use a similar recognition mechanism. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Exploration high-efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of great significance for several renewable energy applications. In this paper, a catalyst composed of Co 9 S 8 and porous carbon (Co 9 S 8 –C) is prepared first via the calcination of Co–S–C based precursor coating on carbon-fibre-paper (CFP) substrate under argon atmosphere. Then, the Co 9 S 8 –C is modified via the decomposition gas of dicyandiamide, thus Co 9 S 8 –N-doped carbon (Co 9 S 8 -NC) catalyst is synthesized. As revealed, the morphology and defect features are effectively modulated by the modification, suggesting the reduced particle sizes of Co 9 S 8 component and obviously improved N proportion and various defects. As a result, Co 9 S 8 -NC represents excellent activities electrocatalytic performances toward OER and ORR, which surpass those of its three counterparts including Co 9 S 8 –C, Co 9 S 8 , and NC. A half-wave potential of 0.86 ​V versus RHE for ORR and a low overpotential of 280 ​mV ​at 10 ​mA ​cm-2 current density for OER are achieved, with the Δ E value of 0.64 ​V. Additionally, the catalyst also demonstrates desirable application prospect for Zn-air battery. The post-treatment method reported here might be utilized widespread to promote the synergistic effects between the Co-contained particles and N-doped carbons in composite catalysts. The DCA post-treatment can produce high amounts of N-doped pore edges, and can simultaneously facilitate the intimate electronic contact between moderately eroded Co 9 S 8 and N-doped carbon matrix thus forming abundant high active coupling Co-N x -C centers. The catalyst demonstrates excellent bifunctional performance for catalyzing OER and ORR. Image 1 • Co 9 S 8 -porous N-doped carbon (NC) catalyst was in-situ synthesized on CFP substrate. • Intimate electronic contact between Co 9 S 8 and NC is achieved through a dicyandiamide post-treatment. • N content is much improved with rich new-formed pyridinic N and interfacial Co–N. • The catalyst exhibits remarkable OER/ORR bifunction and good prospect in flexible Zn-air battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]