1. Defining the brain control of physiological stability.
- Author
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Stevenson, Tyler J.
- Subjects
- *
BRAINWASHING , *POINT set theory , *NEUROSCIENCES , *HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain) , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
The last few decades have seen major advances in neurobiology and uncovered novel genetic and cellular substrates involved in the control of physiological set points. In this Review, I discuss the limitations in the definition of homeostatic set points established by Walter B Canon and highlight evidence that two other physiological systems, namely rheostasis and allostasis provide distinct inputs to independently modify set-point levels. Using data collected over the past decade, the hypothalamic and genetic basis of regulated changes in set-point values by rheostatic mechanisms are described. Then, the role of higher-order brain regions, such as hippocampal circuits, for experience-dependent, allostatic induced changes in set-points are outlined. I propose that these systems provide a hierarchical organization of physiological stability that exists to maintain set-point values. The hierarchical organization of physiology has direct implications for basic and medical research, and clinical practice. • Multiple physiological systems exhibit variation beyond homeostatic control. • Regulated, rheostatic changes in physiological set-point enhance fitness. • A three-level hierarchical organization of physiological stability is proposed. • Homeostasis, rheostasis and allostasis have distinct genes, cells, and systems. • Computational modelling supports a multi-tiered level of physiological control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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