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A total of 35 honey samples from different regions of Algeria were studied to determine their phenolic profiles. Phenolic compounds, products of the secondary metabolism of plants, were extracted with amberlite XAD-4 and analysed by liquid chromatography, with diode array detection and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry in negative ion polarity. By using colorometric assays, Erica honeys showed the highest content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids (245 ± 54 mg GAE/100 g and 29 ± 6 mg QE/100 g, respectively). More than 30 compounds were identified in the honey samples studied including 14 phenolic acids and 16 flavonoids. In general, honey samples showed different chromatographic profiles. It has been shown that 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, apigenin, chrysin, galangin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, luteolin and pinocembrin were present in all honey extracts. Moreover, caffeic, p -coumaric and vanillic acids; abscisic and syringic acids; and benzoic acid were detected in 34, 33 and 32 honey samples, respectively. The members of flavonol subclass were the most abundant of the identified flavonoids. Gallic and homovanillic acids, daidzein and myricetin were less present: 7, 5, 7 and 6 in honey samples, respectively. Caffeic and p -coumaric acids were potential floral markers for Capparis spinosa and Trifoliumn honeys, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two locally grown wheat species named Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum vulgare L. were studied for their phytochemical contents and their biological activities. T. vulgare presented the highest amounts of total phenolic compounds and ascorbic acids while T. aestivum was found to be rich in flavonoids, flavonols, proanthocynidins and ortho -diphenols. Eleven carotenoids were identified in T. vulgare where the most dominant compounds belongs to α-carotene and its derivatives while T. aestivum presented seven carotenoids. This later presented the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and exhibited a strong reducing power in FRAP, phosphomolybdenum, hydrogen peroxide and reducing power assays. T. vulgare extract was found to be effective in metal chelating power and in scavenging nitric oxide radical. No significant differences in scavenging ABTS and hydroxyl radicals were noted between the two wheat species. T. aestivum inhibited xanthine oxidase and ROS production and showed the best cytotoxic effect while T. vulgare extract exhibited anti-calpain activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]