1. Profiles and potential health risks of heavy metals in soil and crops from the watershed of Xi River in Northeast China.
- Author
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Lian, Meihua, Wang, Jun, Sun, Lina, Xu, Zhe, Tang, Jiaxi, Yan, Jun, and Zeng, Xiangfeng
- Subjects
METAL content of soils ,HEALTH risk assessment ,WATERSHEDS ,CANCER risk factors ,SOIL pollution - Abstract
Abstract Heavy metal soil contamination is a major environmental concern in China and has drawn significant public attention in recent years. The present study assessed the human health risk of four heavy metals (cadmium, lead, mercury, and zinc) through soil exposure and dietary intake in the watershed of Xi River, west of Shenyang, Liaoning Province, northeast China. Concentrations of Cd, Pb, Hg, and Zn were determined in 411 soil samples and 59 crop samples collected from this area. The health risks of heavy metal exposure via soil ingestion, inhalation, dermal contact, and dietary intake of crops were further estimated; total hazard index values were 1.15, 1.33, and 2.03 for the adult male, adult female, and children, respectively, and the total cancer risk was 3.7 × 10
−3 for the local residents. Among the four investigated heavy metals, Cd was the primary pollutant posing health risks. The estimated non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks posed by the studied heavy metals were above the acceptable levels proposed by the U.S. EPA. Dietary intake of contaminated crops was identified as the predominant pathway for human heavy metal exposure in this area, suggesting that soil heavy metals can cause more harm when transported to the food chain. Overall, our findings suggest that the Xi River watershed is unsuitable for growing agricultural products, and more effective controls should be taken to curb future heavy metal pollution in the area. Graphical abstract fx1 Highlights • The Xi River located in Shenyang, Northeast China is severely polluted by industry. • Irrigation using Xi River as water source lead to heavy metal soil pollution. • Contamination of Cd, Pb, Hg, and Zn in soil and crops from the area were examined. • Cd was the primary pollutant and dietary intake contributed the most to health risk. • Health risks posed by the heavy metals were above acceptable levels set by U.S. EPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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