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[Display omitted] • 415R is a potential matrix protein of Invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (IIV6). • IIV6 415R is located between the capsid and envelope in the virion structure. • 415R specific dsRNAs resulted in a significant decrease in virus titer. Invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (IIV6) is a nucleocytoplasmic virus with a ∼212 kb linear dsDNA genome that encodes 215 putative open reading frames (ORFs). Proteomic analysis has revealed that the IIV6 virion consists of 54 virally encoded proteins. Interactions among the structural proteins were investigated using the yeast two-hybrid system, revealing that the protein of 415R ORF interacts reciprocally with the potential envelope protein 118L and the major capsid protein 274L. This result suggests that 415R might be a matrix protein that plays a role as a bridge between the capsid and the envelope proteins. To elucidate the function of 415R protein, we determined the localization of 415R in IIV6 structure and analyzed the properties of 415R-silenced IIV6. Specific antibodies produced against 415R protein were used to determine the location of the 415R protein in the virion structure. Both western blot hybridization and immunogold electron microscopy analyses showed that the 415R protein was found in virions treated with Triton X-100, which degrades the viral envelope. The 415R gene was silenced by the RNA interference (RNAi) technique. We used gene-specific dsRNA's to target 415R and showed that this treatment resulted in a significant drop in virus titer. Silencing 415R with dsRNA also reduced the transcription levels of other viral genes. These results provide important data on the role and location of IIV6 415R protein in the virion structure. Additionally, these results may also shed light on the identification of the homologs of 415R among the vertebrate iridoviruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]