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[Display omitted] • A "Turning waste into treasure" strategy was proposed. • An efficient ARM/NiOOH adsorbent has been successfully prepared. • The adsorption kinetics model has been reasonably established. • 348.0 mg g−1 congo red was adsorbed with a ∼ 100 % adsorption efficiency within 5 min. Extracting functional materials from industrial waste residues to absorb organic dyes can maximize waste reuse and minimize water pollution. However, the extraordinarily low purification efficiency still limits the practical application of this strategy. Herein, the lamellar NiOOH is in-situ anchored on the industrial waste red mud surface (ARM/NiOOH) as an adsorbent to purify organic dyes in wastewater. ARM/NiOOH adsorbent with high specific surface area and porosity provides considerable active sites for the congo red (CR), thereby significantly enhancing the removal efficiency of CR. Besides, we fit a reasonable adsorption model for ARM/NiOOH adsorbent and investigate its adsorption kinetics. Resultantly, ARM/NiOOH adsorbent can remarkably adsorb 348.0 mg g−1 CR within 5 min, which is 7.91 times that of raw RM. Our work provides a strategy for reusing industrial waste and purifying sewage pollution, which advances wastewater treatment engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Industrial solid waste management and recycling are important to environmental sustainability. In this study, cobalt (Co) nanoparticles encapsulated in paint sludge-derived activated carbon (AC) were fabricated. The Co-AC possessed high conductivity, magnetic properties and abundant metal oxide impurities (TiAlSiO x), which was applied as multifunctional catalyst for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. Compared to pure AC, the Co-AC exhibited significant enhanced performance for degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) via PMS activation. Mechanism studies by in situ Raman spectroscopy, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance suggested that surface-bonded PMS (PMS*) and singlet oxygen (1O 2) are the dominant reactive species for TCH oxidation. The non-radical species can efficiently oxidize electron-rich pollutants with high efficiency, which minimized the consumption of PMS and the catalyst. The removal percentages of TCH reached 97 % within 5 min and ∼ 99 % within 15 min in the Co-AC/PMS system. The Co active sites facilitated PMS adsorption to form the PMS* and the TiAlSiO x impurities provided abundant oxygen vacancy for generation of the 1O 2. In addition, the Co-AC/PMS system achieved high efficiency and stability for oxidation of the target pollutants over a long-term continuous operation. This work not only offers a cost-effective approach for recycling industrial waste but also provides new insights into the application of waste-derived catalyst for environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Solid waste steel slag is utilized as a raw material for the synthesis of FeOOH. • A FeOOH/BiVO 4 composite is examined as a photoanode in PEC water splitting. • The composite photoanode exhibits 2.8 times the current density of the pristine BiVO 4. • High-value utilization of solid waste is perfectly demonstrated. Green, healthy, and sustainable energy development has always been the cornerstone of global energy development. In this study, industrial waste steel slag was utilized as the raw material, and FeOOH was loaded onto a BiVO 4 surface using the impregnation method. The optimized photoanode exhibited a lower onset potential and higher surface activity, achieving a current density of 3.08 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE, and dramatically enhancing the oxygen and hydrogen production efficiencies of the entire system. The incorporation of FeOOH from a steel slag source improves the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting capacity and broadens the steel slag utilization pathways for more economical and green energy use. This study combines the high value-added utilization of solid waste with the field of PEC, presenting a novel approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Strategy-Purifying Wastewater with Waste Materials: Zn2+ Modified Waste Red Mud as Recoverable Adsorbents with an Enhanced Removal Capacity of Congo Red. [Display omitted] • A strategy, called purifying wastewater with waste materials, is proposed. • Many voids are intelligently designed in the adsorbents. • The as-prepared adsorbents can be effectively recovered and reused. • Heavy metals are firmly fixed by ion exchange process. The strategy, called purifying wastewater with waste materials (PWWM), can simultaneously improve the secondary utilization of industrial waste materials and in turn, reduce environmental pollution. However, the PWWM strategy has still not been extensively used because of its low purification efficiency of organic pollutants and extremely difficult secondary utilization process. Herein, we use zinc aluminum silicate (ZAS) to modify waste granular red mud (GRM) to form a recoverable adsorbent, called ZAS/GRM adsorbent. The ZAS has been found to exhibit exceptional adsorption performance with the ability to firmly anchor onto the surface of GRM, in which heavy metal ions can effectively solidify and reduce their outflow. Furthermore, many voids have been tactfully designed in the ZAS/GRM adsorbents by using a water vapor project, which provide more active sites for congo red (CR) organic dye, thereby remarkably improving the removal efficiency of CR. From our purification of CR, we find that the CR adsorption capacity of the ZAS/GRM adsorbent is 3.509 mg g−1, which is four times higher than pure GRM (0.820 mg g−1). This study demonstrates our PWWM strategy is highly effective and can inspire more research on waste reuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Although most solar steam generation devices are effective in desalinating seawater and purifying wastewaters with heavy metal ions, they are ineffective in degrading organic pollutants from wastewaters. Herein, we design novel solar-driven water purification devices by decoration of three-dimensional pinecones with MoS 2 nanoflowers via a one-step hydrothermal synthesis for generating clean water. The vertically arrayed channels in the central rachis and the unique helically arranged scales of the hydrothermal pinecone can not only transfer bulk water upward to the evaporation surface, but also absorb more solar light from different incident angles for solar-thermal evaporation and photodegradation of wastewaters under omnidirectional irradiations. The decorated MoS 2 nanoflowers can not only enhance the solar-thermal energy conversion efficiency, but also decompose organic pollutants in the bulk water by their photocatalytic degradation effects. The resultant hydrothermal pinecone with in situ decorated MoS 2 (HPM) evaporator exhibits a high evaporation rate of 1.85 kg m−2 h−1 under 1-sun irradiation with a high energy efficiency of 96 %. During the solar-driven water purification processes, the powdery HPM can also photodegrade organic pollutants of methylene blue and rhodamine B with high removal efficiencies of 96 % and 95 %, respectively. For practical demonstration, by floating in the methylene blue solution under 1-sun irradiation, the bulky HPM can generate clean water by simultaneous solar-thermal evaporation and photocatalytic degradation. The integration of solar steam generation and photocatalytic degradation mechanisms makes the HPM evaporator highly promising for practical high-yield purification of wastewaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The photocatalytic degradation of conventional and emerging pollutants (i.e., methyl, ethyl, and butyl parabens) was investigated under light irradiation with 315–1050 nm wavelength using core–shell zinc doped hexacyanoferrate@Prussian blue nanoparticles. Different synthesis parameters including precursors loading, drying temperature and different metal ions precursors were studied. The ten different composite systems obtained, were investigated for the photodegradation of methylene blue in deionized water. The optimal performance photocatalyst (20 mg/L) photodegrade 94% of 10 ppm methylene blue within 24 min. The optimized sample was further used for the photodegradation of methylene blue in municipal wastewater matrix; it completely degraded the methylene blue after 51 min. Finally, the developed nanoparticles were investigated for the photodegradation of parabens. The chemical oxygen demand showed 30% of parabens was degraded in the municipal wastewater matrix. The results of this research show that ZnHCF@PB nanoparticles could be used for the effective photocatalytic remediation of conventional and emerging pollutants, i.e., parabens. Through this study, it is anticipated that ZnO-derived ZnHCF@PB NPs can achieve a bandgap of 1.11 eV, which is much lower than that of ZnO NPs (3.15 eV). Interestingly, ZnHCF@PB NPs were efficiently used for the degradation of conventional (i.e., dyes) and emerging contaminants (i.e., parabens) in deionized water and municipal wastewater matrices to mimic industrial wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] It is an urgent and onerous task to develop catalysts for photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) in wastewater under wide pH range. In this work, a novel hierarchical Z-scheme MnO 2 /MnIn 2 S 4 (MISO) heterojunction photocatalyst with MnIn 2 S 4 nanosheets growing on the surface of β-MnO 2 nanorods is constructed for efficient photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI). The optimized 2.0-MISO photocatalyst exhibits the almost 100% reduction efficiency in the pH range of 2.1–5.6 under visible light irradiation, and the apparent rate constant is 0.05814 min−1, which is 29.96 and 3.27 times higher than the pure β-MnO 2 and MnIn 2 S 4 , respectively. A efficient photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) species on 2.0-MISO photocatalyst in actual industry wastewater (286.7 mg/L) up to 99.8% is achieved. Under natural light, the 2.0-MISO photocatalyst also shows rapid reduction of Cr(VI) species. The photocorrosion of MnIn 2 S 4 was significantly hindered by the construction of heterojunction. And the O 2 − and e− species are the main active species during the Cr(VI) photoreduction process. The connection mode between MnIn 2 S 4 and β-MnO 2 is verified by DFT calculations and a possible photocatalytic mechanism is also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conversion of NO 3 −-N to N 2 is of great significance for zero discharge of industrial wastewater. Pd–Cu hydrogenation catalysis has high application prospects for the reduction of NO 3 −-N to N 2 , but the existing form of Pd–Cu, the Pd–Cu mass ratio and the H 2 evolution rate can affect the coverage of active hydrogen (*H) on the surface of Pd, thereby affecting N 2 selectivity. In this work, mesoporous carbon (MC) is used as support to disperse Pd–Cu catalyst and is applied in an in-situ electrocatalytic H 2 evolution system for NO 3 −-N removal. The Pd–Cu particles with the average size of 6 nm are uniformly encapsulated in the mesopores of MC. Electrochemical in-situ H 2 evolution can not only reduce the amount of H 2 used, but the H 2 bubbles can also be efficiently dispersed when PPy coated nickel foam (PPy/NF) is used as cathode. Moreover, the mesoporous structure of MC can further split H 2 bubbles, reducing the coverage of *H on Pd. The highest 77% N 2 selectivity and a relatively faster NO 3 −-N removal rate constant (0.10362 min−1) can be achieved under the optimal conditions, which is superior to most reported Pd–Cu catalytic systems. The prepared catalyst is further applied to the denitrification of actual deplating wastewater. NO 3 −-N with the initial concentration of 650 mg L−1 can be completely removed after 180 min of treatment, and the TN removal can be maintained at 72%. [Display omitted] • Pd–Cu nanoparticles are uniformly encapsulated in mesoporous carbon. • The catalyst is combined with in-situ electrochemical H 2 evolution for NO 3 −-N removal. • Mesoporous structure is beneficial for reducing *H coverage on the surface of Pd. • The possibility of N–N coupling increases and 77% N 2 selectivity is finally achieved. • The system has been successfully applied to the TN removal of deplating wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-pyrolysis of biomass with phosphogypsum (PG) presents an effective strategy for facilitating the recycling of PG resources. However, it is crucial to note the environmental threats arising from the presence of Pb, Cr, Ni, and F in PG. This study investigated the effect of immobilization and transformation of four elements during co-pyrolysis with biomass and its components. The co-pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a tube furnace with a mixture of PG and corn stover (CS), cellulose (C), lignin (L), glucose (G). Co-pyrolysis occurred at varying temperatures (600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C) and different addition ratios (10%, 15%, and 20%). The results indicated that an increase in co-pyrolysis temperature was more conducive to the immobilization and transformation of harmful elements in PG, demonstrating significant efficacy in controlling F. Additionally, the addition of biomass components exerts a significant impact on inhibiting product toxicity, with small molecules such as glucose playing a prominent role in this process. The mechanism underlying the control of harmful elements during co-pyrolysis of PG and biomass was characterized by three main aspects. Firstly, biomass components have the potential to melt-encapsulate the harmful elements in PG, leading to precipitation. Secondly, the pyrolysis gas produced during the co-pyrolysis process contributes to the formation of a rich pore structure in the product. Finally, this process aids in transforming hazardous substances into less harmful forms and stabilizing these elements. The findings of this study are instrumental in optimizing the biomass and PG blend to mitigate the environmental impact of their co-pyrolysis products. [Display omitted] • The study demonstrates successful reduction in the leaching toxicity of Pb, Cr, Ni, and F in phosphogypsum through co-pyrolysis with biomass. • Research highlights that higher temperatures enhance the stabilization and conversion of hazardous elements in phosphogypsum. • Findings indicate that biomass additions, especially small molecules like glucose, significantly reduce toxicity and aid in transforming harmful elements. • The study clarifies the co-pyrolysis process mechanisms, including melt-encapsulation of elements, creating a porous product structure, and stabilizing volatile forms. • This research offers insights into using biomass-PG pyrolysis for eco-friendly industrial waste reduction, aiding in process optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of microalgae and bacteria as a strategy for the startup of bioreactors for the treatment of industrial wastewater can be a sustainable and economically viable alternative. This technology model provides satisfactory results in the nitrification and denitrification process for nitrogen removal, organic matter removal, biomass growth, sedimentation, and byproducts recovery for added-value product production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of microalgae and bacteria in their symbiotic process when used in the treatment of paper pulp industry wastewater. The experiment, lasting fourteen days, utilized four bioreactors with varying concentrations in mgVSS/L of microalgae to bacteria ratio (R1-100:100, R2-100:300, R3-100:500, R4-300:100) in the startup process. Regarding the sludge volumetric index (SVI), the results show that the R1 and R2 reactors developed SVI30/SVI10 biomass in the range of 85.57 ± 7.33% and 84.72 ± 8.19%, respectively. The lipid content in the biomass of reactors R1, R2, R3 e R4 was 13%, 7%, 19%, and 22%, respectively. This high oil content at the end of the batch, may be related to the nutritional stress that the species underwent during this feeding regime. In terms of chlorophyll, the bioreactor with an initial inoculation of 100:100 showed better symbiotic growth of microalgae and bacteria, allowing exponential growth of microalgae. The total chlorophyll value for this bioreactor was 801.46 ± 196.96 μg/L. Biological removal of nitrogen from wastewater from the paper pulp industry is a challenge due to the characteristics of the effluent, but the four reactors operated in a single batch obtained good nitrogen removal. Ammonia nitrogen removal performances were 91.55 ± 9.99%, 72.13 ± 19.18%, 64.04 ± 21.34%, and 86.15 ± 30.10% in R1, R2, R3, and R4, respectively. [Display omitted] • Microalgae and bacteria symbiotically initiated bioreactor start-up. • Initial inoculation concentrations were critical for photogranule development. • High total nitrogen removal efficiency in all bioreactor configurations. • Optimal setup boosts biomass and pigment. • Microalgae-bacteria consortium facilitated the production of valuable bioproducts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two industrial solid wastes, Ti-bearing blast furnace slag (TBFS) and diamond wire saw silicon waste (DWSSW), contain large amounts of Ti and Si, and their accumulation wastes resources and intensifies environmental pollution. In the present study, DWSSW was used as the silicon source to reduce titanium oxide in TBFS by electromagnetic induction smelting, and meanwhile Na 3 AlF 6 was added as a flux to improve the recycling of the wastes. Ti and Si of the two wastes were simultaneously recovered in the form of alloy. The effects of different addition amount of Na 3 AlF 6 flux in the mixture of DWSSW and TBFS on chemical composition, viscosity, basicity and structure of slag were investigated. The dissolution behavior of SiO 2 in Na 3 AlF 6 flux was theoretically deduced and experimentally verification. The optimized recovery rate of Ti and Si were obtained, and the research realizes the efficient recycling of DWSSW and TBFS simultaneously. • Simultaneous utilization of two kinds of solid waste. • The process is clean and pollution-free, simple and easy to operate. • High efficiency recovery of Si and Ti resources. • The effect of Na 3 AlF 6 on alloying is clarified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban dynamics and anthropogenic interventions led to an increase in noise pollution levels, with relevant implications for worldwide healthcare. Structures created to lessen noise pollution from traffic, industry, or other sources are known as noise, sound, or acoustic barriers. The research paper presents a unique design and development of noise barrier with newly composite mix of acoustic panels and vegetative cover augmenting noise attenuation and aesthetics. The barrier provides a symmetrical design around the vertical axis, hence assures utilization of both faces of the barrier. Additionally, the barrier hosts multiple slots to accommodate multi-material acoustic panels based on diverse noise frequencies and environmental conditions. The barrier integrates movable noise caps at 45°, 90°, 180°, and 270° angles for further attenuation and diversion of noise. A drip irrigation system within the soil box ensures optimal plant growth and stability to barrier. Experimental studies showcase the barrier's performance and its effectiveness in diverse noise scenarios. This innovative development provides a comprehensive solution towards noise mitigation through compact, customizable and sustainable green noise barrier. [Display omitted] • Unique design and development of green noise barrier. • Composite mix of industrial wastes for acoustic panels. • Multiple slots for arrangement of multi-material acoustic panels. • Movable noise cap for attenuation and diversion of noise. • Barrier with vegetative cover through soil and irrigation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction field, coupled with the accumulation of various industrial solid wastes, particularly bauxite residue (red mud), represent formidable barriers to sustainable development. The synergistic utilization of bauxite residue (red mud) in cementitious materials and special concrete is widely considered one of the most practical approaches for these issues. In this comprehensive review, characteristics and composition of red mud worldwide were investigated. By comparing and reviewing the latest research, the current achievements in applying red mud with various solid wastes in cementitious materials and special concrete were discussed. In addition, critical mechanisms and environmental suitability issues are emphasized. In conclusion, the present work culminates in identifying the challenges faced and opportunities for progressing in synergizing red mud and multi-solid wastes, which will contribute to the international research community for sustainable development in the industry. • Utilizing red mud and multi-solid wastes synergistically in construction materials was reviewed. • The advantage of synergistic utilization in resource recycling was demonstrated. • Synergistic utilization of red mud and other materials contributes to achieving corrosion resistance. • Developing paste filling material with red mud and multi-solid wastes will integrate the mining and filling industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of biomass and waste to produce adsorbent reduces the cost of water treatment. The bio-char of Sargassum oligocystum (BCSO) was modified with MnFe 2 O 4 magnetic particles and La-metal organic framework (MOF) to generate an efficient adsorbent (BCSO/MnFe 2 O 4 @La-MOF) for fluoride ions (F−) removal from aqueous solutions. The performance of BCSO/MnFe 2 O 4 @La-MOF was compared with BCSO/MnFe 2 O 4 and BCSO. The characteristics of the adsorbents were investigated using various techniques, which revealed that the magnetic composites were well-synthesized and exhibited superparamagnetic properties. The maximum adsorption efficiencies (BCSO: 97.84%, BCSO/MnFe 2 O 4 : 97.85%, and BCSO/MnFe 2 O 4 @La-MOF: 99.36%) were achieved under specific conditions of pH 4, F− concentration of 10 mg/L, and adsorbent dosage of 3, 1.5, and 1 g/L for BCSO, BCSO/MnFe 2 O 4 , and BCSO/MnFe 2 O 4 @La-MOF, respectively. The results demonstrated that the experimental data adheres to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy were determined to be negative; thus, the F− adsorption was exothermic and spontaneous in the range of 25–50 °C. The equilibrium data of the process exhibited conformity with the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities of F− ions were determined as 10.267 mg/g for BCSO, 14.903 mg/g for the BCSO/MnFe 2 O 4 , and 31.948 mg/g for BCSO/MnFe 2 O 4 @La-MOF. The K F and A T values for the F− adsorption were obtained at 21.03 mg/g (L/mg)1/n and 100 × 10+9 L/g, indicating the pronounced affinity of the BCSO/MnFe 2 O 4 @La-MOF towards F− than other samples. The significant potential of the BCSO/MnFe 2 O 4 @La-MOF magnetic composite for F− removal from industrial wastewater, makes it suitable for repeated utilization in the adsorption process. [Display omitted] • The algal biochar was amended with MnFe 2 O 4 , Lanthanum, and MOF from PET waste. • The magnetic novel composite was used to remove fluoride from water and wastewater. • More than 99% of fluoride was removed at pH 4, and F− content of 10 mg/L. • F− removal followed pseudo-second-order and the Langmuir models (R2 > 0.99). • The reclaimable composite was effectively removed F− from industrial wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The burgeoning interest in anthocyanins, fueled by their recognized nutraceutical benefits, faces challenges due to the intricate and time-consuming nature of the extraction and purification processes. This study addresses this hurdle by introducing a pioneering method for the simultaneous extraction and purification of anthocyanins from jabuticaba byproducts (Plinia cauliflora). Utilizing a Box Behnken experimental design, the investigation fine-tuned maceration extraction conditions, pinpointing the optimal combination of time (30 min), temperature (60 ºC), and solvent composition (50% MeOH v/v), resulting in a yield of 14.43 ± 0.09 mg g−1 of anthocyanins. After optimizing extraction conditions, a simultaneous purification step was integrated into the in situ process. The biosorbent from jabuticaba byproducts demonstrated anthocyanin purification from the extract exceeding 90%, outperforming the commercial adsorbent (PoraPak™ Rxn) tested. The study unveils an eco-friendly method for anthocyanin extraction with an impressive Ecoscale rating of 86 (maximum of 100). This novel one-step extraction and purification method emphasizes significant anthocyanin recovery while aligning with circular economy principles. It offers notable time and cost savings, enhancing overall production efficiency. • An adsorbent was synthesized from Jabuticaba industrial waste. • The produced natural adsorbent outperformed a commercial synthetic one. • Simultaneous extraction and purification purified > 90% anthocyanins. • An Ecoscale score of 86 was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), consisting mainly of methane (CH 4) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O), have been constantly increasing and become a non-negligible contributor towards carbon neutrality. The precise evaluation of plant-specific GHG emissions, however, remains challenging. The current assessment approach is based on the product of influent load and emission factor (EF), of which the latter is quite often a single value with huge uncertainty. In particular, the latest default Tier 1 value of N 2 O EF, 0.016 ± 0.012 kg N2O – N kg TN −1, is estimated based on the measurement of 30 municipal WWTPs only, without involving any industrial wastewater. Therefore, to resolve the pattern of GHG emissions from industrial WWTPs, this work conducted a 14-month monitoring campaign covering all the process units at a full-scale industrial WWTP in Shanghai, China. The total CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from the whole plant were, on average, 447.7 ± 224.5 kg CO2-eq d−1 and 1605.3 ± 2491.0 kg CO2-eq d−1, respectively, exhibiting a 5.2- or 3.9-times more significant deviation than the influent loads of chemical oxygen demand (COD) or total nitrogen (TN). The resulting EFs, 0.00072 kg CH4 kg COD −1 and 0.00211 kg N2O – N kg TN −1, were just 0.36% of the IPCC recommended value for CH 4 , and 13.2% for N 2 O. Besides, the parallel anoxic-oxic (A/O) lines of this industrial WWTP were covered in two configurations, allowing the comparison of GHG emissions from different odor control setup. Unit-specific analysis showed that the replacement of enclosed A/open O with enclosed A/O reduced the CH 4 EF by three times, from 0.00159 to 0.00051 kg CH4 kg COD −1, and dramatically decreased the N 2 O EF by an order of magnitude, from 0.00376 to 0.00032 kg N2O – N kg TN −1, which was among the lowest of all full-scale WWTPs. • GHG emissions from an industrial WWTP was assessed systematically. • Local GHG EFs and cover configuration impacts were determined. • CH 4 and N 2 O EFs were significantly lower than IPCC recommended values. • Replacement of enclosed A/open O with enclosed A/O reduced CH 4 and N 2 O EFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scope of the current study was to investigate the efficiency of a two-stage anaerobic-aerobic process for the simultaneous treatment and valorization of selective wastewater streams from a confectionary industry. The specific wastewater (confectionary industry wastewater, CIW) was a mixture of the rinsing eluting during washing of the cauldrons in which jellies and syrups were produced, and contained mainly readily fermentable sugars, being thus of high organic load. The first stage of the process was the dark fermentation (DF) of the CIW in continuous, attached-biomass systems, in which the effect on hydrogen yields and distribution of metabolites were studied for different packing materials (ceramic or plastic), hydraulic retention times, HRTs (12 h–30 h) and feed substrate concentration (20 g COD/L- 50 g COD/L). In the second stage, the effectiveness of the aerobic treatment of the DF effluents was evaluated in terms of the reduction of the organic load and the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) through an enriched mixed microbial culture (MMC). The MMC was developed in a continuous draw and fill system, in which the accumulation potential of PHAs was studied. It was shown that the hydrogen production rates decreased for increasing substrate concentration and HRTs, with a maximum of 12.70 ± 0.35 m3 H 2 /m3 initial CIW achieved for the lowest HRT and feed concentration and using ceramic beads as packing material. Butyrate, acetate and lactate were the main metabolites generated in all cases, in different ratios. The distribution of metabolites during DF was shown to highly affect the efficiency of the second process in terms of both the reduction of organic load and the PHAs yields. The highest removal of organic load achieved after 48 h of aerobic treatment was 84.0 ± 0.9 %, whereas the maximum PHAs yield was 21.46 ± 0.13 kg PHAs/m3 initial CIW. • The simultaneous treatment and valorization of confectionary wastewater was assessed via an anaerobic-aerobic process. • The operational optimization of the anaerobic stage and the biocatalysts of the aerobic stage are equally important. • The hydrogen yields and distribution of the metabolites are mainly affected by the feeding strategy. • Up to 12.70 ± 0.35 m3 H 2 /m3 initial wastewater and 21.46 ± 0.13 kg PHAs/m3 initial wastewater were produced. • Efficient reduction up to ∼90% of its organic load was achieved by the two stage process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid waste is increasing rapidly worldwide. In this study, the solid waste (household waste, construction and demolition waste and industrial waste) management systems are treated as reverse supply chain to analyze the critical operational issues based on complex adaptive system theory. At the single-layer, the complexity of the various nodes at a layer arises from rational decision-making and behavioral heterogeneity. The solid waste generation layer is employed as an example to investigate the complexity of node behavioral decisions. Regression analysis results reveal that both endogenous (Attitude, Subjective norm, and Perceived behavioral control) and exogenous factors (Economic incentive, Government supervision, Technical support) positively influence sorting behavior. The effect of Economic incentive (β = 0.327 P < 0.001) and Attitude (β = 0.249 P < 0.001) on sorting behavior are the largest. In the multi-layer system, different layers communicate with each other through the material and financial flows and have cross-layer impacts. An agent-based model is developed to investigate the multi-layer feedforward influence mechanism of changes in key layers (e.g., sorting rate, disposal rate) and the material and financial flows adaptive adjustment direction of the solid waste reverse supply chain. High rate of participation and accuracy of source sorting can shorten material flow paths and reduce storage and transportation costs. The increase in disposal rate encourages the transition of solid waste from backfill to resource utilization. This study provides a practice reference for solid waste reverse supply chain and related enterprises managers. • Solid waste reverse supply chain has dynamic and complexity. • Endogenous and exogenous factors contribute to single-layer behavior complexity. • Feedforward influence facilitates diversion of material and financial flows. • Source sorting shortens material flow paths, reduce storage and transportation costs. • Increased disposal rates stimulate the transition from backfill to utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to remove Congo red dye from industrial effluent using economical agriculturally-based nano-biosorbents like magnetic orange peel, peanut shells, and tea waste. The nano-biosorbents were characterized by various analytical techniques like SEM, FT-IR, BET and XRD. The highest adsorption capacity was obtained under the following ideal conditions: pH = 6 (orange peel and peanut shells), pH = 3 (tea waste), and dosages of nano-biosorbents with varying timeframes of 50 min for tea waste and peanut shells and 30 min for orange peel. The study found that tea waste had the highest removal rate of 94% due to its high porosity and responsible functional groups, followed by peanut shells at 83% and orange peel at 68%. The Langmuir isotherm model was found to be the most suitable, with R2 values of 0.99 for tea waste, 0.92 for orange peel, and 0.71 for peanut shells. On the other hand, a pseudo-second-order kinetic model was very feasible, showing an R2 value of 0.99 for tea waste, 0.98 for peanut shells and 0.97 for orange peel. The significance of the current study lies in its practical application, enabling efficient waste management and water purification, thereby preserving a clean and safe environment. [Display omitted] • Orange peel, tea waste and peanut shell were modified using Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. • Insight mechanism was studied among the Congo red dye with nano-biosorbents. • Pseudo second order model and Langmuir isotherm model were precisely suited. • Comparative analysis in real sample application is reported. • An eco-friendly and economical approach has been developed to save the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coke wastewater is a complex industrial wastewater due to its high content of toxic compounds such as cyanides, thiocyanates, phenols, tar, oils, and fats. After a series of treatments, wastewater with a high ammonium content is obtained (around 4,150 mg·L-1). A stripping process is used to reduce it. Certain pollutants in the influent, such as tar, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oils, fats and total suspended solids (TSS), interfere with stripping and therefore must be previously removed. In this study, the performance of a pilot-scale airlift sand filter was evaluated under real conditions for the reduction of the concentration of tar, PAHs, oils, fats and TSS, before stripping. Prior to the sand filter, a cationic flocculant was added to the influent (2 ppm). High (10 mm.min-1), medium (7.5 mm.min-1) and low sand speeds (1.9-2.6 mm.min-1) were assessed. The latter conditions gave the best results: a decrease of 98.2% in TSS, 99.7% in oils, fats and grease and 97.6% in PAHs. The final effluent (≤ 1.6 mg PAHs·L-1, ≤ 5 mg TSS·L-1 and ≤ 0.05 mg·L-1 of fats, oils and grease) was suitable for the stripping process. • Coke wastewater is obtained after a complex scrubbing process of raw coke oven gas. • The coke wastewater stands out by the presence of tar, PAHs, oils, fats and TSS. • To reduce these pollutants, an airlift sand filter was used with flocculant dosing. • The removal achieved up to 98.2% in TSS, 99.7% in oils and fats and 97.6% in PAHs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viruses manipulate bacterial community composition and impact wastewater treatment efficiency. Some viruses pose threats to the environment and human populations through infection. Improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment and ensuring the health of the effluent and receptor pools requires an understanding of how viral communities assemble and interact with hosts in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). We used metagenomic analysis to study the distribution, assembly mechanism, and sensitive hosts for the viral communities in raw water, anaerobic tanks, and returned activated sludge units of a large-scale industrial park WWTP. Uroviricota (53.42% ± 0.14%) and Nucleocytoviricota (26.1% ± 0.19%) were dominant in all units. Viral community composition significantly differed between units, as measured by β diversity (P = 0.005). Compared to raw water, the relative viral abundance decreased by 29.8% in the anaerobic tank but increased by 9.9% in the activated sludge. Viral community assembly in raw water and anaerobic tanks was predominantly driven by deterministic processes (MST <0.5) versus stochastic processes (MST >0.5) in the activated sludge, indicating that differences in diffusion limits may fundamentally alter the assembly mechanisms of viral communities between the solid and liquid-phase environments. Acidobacteria was identified as the sensitive host contributing to viral abundance, exhibiting strong interactions and a mutual dependence (degree = 59). These results demonstrate the occurrence and prevalence of viruses in WWTPs, their different assembly mechanism, and sensitive hosts. These observations require further study of the mechanisms of viral community succession, ecological function, and roles in the successive wastewater treatment units. [Display omitted] • Viral communities significantly (P < 0.05) differed in the studied three units. • Viral abundance increased by 9.9% in the returned activated sludge than raw water. • Deterministic processes shaped viral communities in raw water and anaerobic tank. • Stochastic processes shaped viral communities in returned activated sludge. • Acidobacteria was the most sensitive host contributing to viral abundance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The challenge of meeting discharge standards for tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) production wastewater, characterized by high concentrations of organic by-products, necessitates effective treatment methods. This study identifies 2,4-dibromophenol, 2,6-dibromophenol, 2,4,6-tribromophenol, chlorobenzene, and toluene as the primary organic by-product pollutants. A coagulation-centered three-step approach was established for TBBPA industrial wastewater treatment. The initial step involves acidification treatment to exploit the reduced solubility of 2,4-dibromophenol, 2,6-dibromophenol, and 2,4,6-tribromophenol under acidic conditions, with the optimal pH determined as 2.7–3.1. An acid-activated montmorillonite coagulant (AMC), prepared through roasting and high-pressure acid leaching, exhibits a distinctive "Core-shell" structure, contributing significantly to the combined coagulation and adsorption mechanism. The acid-soluble aluminum salts in AMC form positively charged flocs, electrostatically attracting negatively charged organic compounds in the wastewater. Simultaneously, the porous insoluble silicon framework displays strong adsorption capacity for pollutants. The removal efficiencies for toluene, chlorobenzene, 2,4-dibromophenol, 2,6-dibromophenol, and 2,4,6-tribromophenol reached 88.2%, 89.1%, 88.8%, 87.1%, and 89.4%, respectively. Elemental analysis reveals that the coloration of the wastewater stems from complexation reactions between phenolic compounds and Fe3+, originating from the corrosion of iron or steel reaction vessel. Post-treatment with cation exchange resin resulted in removal efficiencies of 5.2%, 59.1%, 80.2%, 77.9%, and 88.3% for the five substances, respectively. This study outlines a crucial pathway for the effective purification of TBBPA wastewater. Coagulation-centered three-step approach was established for purifying TBBPA industrial wastewater. [Display omitted] • Coagulation-centered three-step approach was proposed. • Core-shell structure of montmorillonite coagulant was characterized. • Coagulation-adsorption played a vital role in purifying wastewater. • Phenolic compounds and Fe3+ reaction contributed the colority of wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great prospects in wastewater remediation. However, the easy aggregation, difficult separation and inferior reusability greatly limit their large-scale application. Herein, we proposed a facile, green and low-cost strategy to construct robust and stable MOF-based hydrogel beads (Fe-BTC-HBs) in a gram scale, and employed them to remove antibiotics from wastewater. As a result, the Fe-BTC-HBs demonstrated outstanding adsorption capacity for both ofloxacin (OFL) and tetracycline (TC) (281.17 mg/g for OFL and 223.60 mg/g for TC) under a near-neutral environment. The main adsorption mechanisms of OFL and TC were hydrogen bonding and π ‐ π stacking interaction. Owing to its macroscopic granule and stable structure, Fe-BTC-HBs can be separated rapidly from wastewater after capturing antibiotics, and more than 85% adsorption capacity still remained after six cycles, while the powdered Fe-BTC only showed less than 6% recovery efficiency with massive weight loss (around 92%). In real industrial effluent, the adsorption performance of Fe-BTC-HBs toward two antibiotics exhibited negligible decreases (2.9% for OFL and 2.2% for TC) compared with that in corresponding solutions. Furthermore, Fe-BTC-HBs also had appealing economic and environmental benefit. Overall, the macro-manufactured MOF beads have the promising potential for the large-scale wastewater treatment. [Display omitted] • A facile, green and low-cost strategy was proposed to construct robust and stable MOF beads. • The macro-manufactured MOF hydrogel beads had outstanding adsorption capacity for antibiotics. • High anti-interference capability was shown on antibiotic adsorption in industrial effluent. • Excellent reusability, economic and environmental benefit promoted MOF materials to application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polysilicate aluminum ferric (PSAF) was synthesized via copolymerization of polysilicic acid (PSi), AlCl 3 and FeCl 3 for treating oily wastewater from Daqing gas field. This study investigated the effects of key preparation factors such as the degree of PSi's preactivation and the ratio of (Fe + Al)/Si and Al/Fe on both polymerization and coagulation performance exhibited by PSAF. To determine the optimal timing for introducing Al3+ and Fe3+, zeta potential, viscosity and particle size were investigated. Additionally, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, polarizing microscopy and scanning electron microscope analysis were employed to investigate the structure and morphology of PSAF. The results indicate that under conditions characterized by a SiO 2 mass fraction of 2.5% and pH = 4.5, an optimal timing for introducing Al3+ and Fe3+ is at 100 min when PSi exhibits moderate polymerization along with sufficient stability. When considering molar ratios such as (Al + Fe)/Si being 6:4 and Al/Fe being 5:5, respectively, PSAF falls within a "stable zone" enabling storage period up to 32 days. Moreover, Jar test results demonstrate that at a dosage of 200 mg/L PSAF for oily wastewater treatment in gas fields could reach the maximum turbidity removal efficiency up to 99.5% while oil removal efficiency reach 88.6% without pH adjustment. The copolymerization facilitates the formation of larger PSAF aggregates with positive potential, thereby augmenting the coagulants' adsorption bridging and charge neutralization capabilities. As a result, PSAF has great potential as a practical coagulant for treating oil-containing wastewater in industrial settings. • Polysilicic acid has an important turning point from medium polymerization to high polymerization. • The stability of PSAF is affected by the addition time and amount of Al3+ and Fe3+. • PSAF exhibits excellent coagulation performance in the treatment of oily wastewater from gas fields. • The structural properties of larger PSAF copolymers can effectively exert the abilities of adsorption bridging and charge neutralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose and chitosan dissolved in the alkali/urea solution were constructed to three-dimension porous network structure for uniformly supporting ZnO-Ag nanoparticles via in situ synthesis and biomimetic mineralization. The robust AZ@CC films exhibited excellent antibacterial activity and photocatalytic properties. [Display omitted] • Cellulose-chitosan nanofiber network was constructed to support Ag/Ag 2 O-ZnO particles. • Ag/Ag 2 O and ZnO nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in AZ@CC films. • AZ@CC films exhibited good tensile strength and thermal stability. • AZ@CC films exhibited superior antibacterial ability and photocatalytic performance. The industrial wastewater contaminants including dyes and bacteria have caused serious environmental pollutions. Herein, ternary Ag/Ag 2 O/ZnO heterostructure decorating cellulose-chitosan films were constructed via in situ synthesis. Cellulose and chitosan dissolved in alkali/urea solvent and regenerated in ethylene glycol to form cellulose/chitosan nanofiber network, which was an ideal supporter for ZnO and Ag nanoparticles and beneficial for recycle usage. The hydroxyl groups of cellulose and chitosan chains exposed and were utilized for the synthesis of Ag particles, as well as ZnO nanoparticles by biomineralization. The Ag/Ag 2 O/ZnO decorating cellulose/chitosan (AZ@CC) films exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The width of inhibition zones around AZ@CC films reached 10.0-19.6 mm and 12.4–15.0 mm for S. aureus and E. coli , respectively. Moreover, AZ@CC films exhibited good photocatalytic activity against methyl orange (MO), almost 97% degradation of methyl orange (MO) within 50 min was achieved with the assistance of AZ@CC film. Importantly, the nanocomposite films exhibited excellent tensile strength and thermal stability. This facile and eco-friendly approach provided a new route to utilize cellulose and chitosan advantages for constructing multifunctional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fruit waste-derived cellulose and graphene oxide (GO)-based aerogels are designed for wastewater treatment. • Porosity of aerogels is generated by interconnecting of cellulosic skeleton and GO via h ydrogen bonding network. • Porosity facilitated the mass transfer, whereas surface active sites of aerogel effectively adsorbed the organic dyes. • Electrostatic, n-π, π-π, cation-π interactions, dipole–dipole, and Yoshida hydrogen linkages are proposed as major adsorptive interactive pathways. A wide range of organic pollutants in industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, and domestic discharges are exacerbating water scarcity, leading to water-borne ailments, and adversely affecting the marine ecosystem and biodiversity. The efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective materials need to be addressed urgently for the removal of organic pollutants. Herein, ultra-light (0.018 g.cm−3) and highly porous (96.4%) composite aerogel is prepared by gelatinization of graphene oxide with fruit waste-derived cellulose. The macroscopic porosity generated by interconnecting cellulosic skeleton and graphene oxide sheets via hydrogen bonding network provided ample avenues for transport and diffusion of organic dyes-enriched wastewater throughout the cellulose-graphene oxide composite aerogel (CGA). Consequently, organic dyes are efficiently adsorbed by easily accessible surface sites distributed throughout the CGA. The size, charge, and chemical structure of organic dyes along with textural features and accessible surface active sites of CGA governed the adsorption process. The spectroscopic analyses based on FTIR, Raman, and XPS measurements suggest electrostatic, n-π, π-π, cation-π interactions, dipole–dipole hydrogen, and Yoshida hydrogen linkages as major interactive pathways for the adsorption of organic dyes by the CGA. Moreover, the composite aerogel furnished an excellent recyclability for the adsorptive removal of organic pollutants from wastewater. The present work promises the potential of 2D nanostructured layered materials and fruit-waste-derived composite aerogels for sustainable utilization in wastewater treatment, which can be an excellent step towards water security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Fe(III) coagulation-precipitation process has been widely used to remove heavy metals from industrial effluents; however, the influences of organic ligands on the sequestration of different heavy metals in the Fe(III)/metal-EDTA ternary system are not well understood. In this study, the pH-dependent mechanisms of CuII-EDTA and NiII-EDTA removed by in-situ formed iron (oxy)hydroxides were studied using surface complex modeling and a suite of characterization techniques. Results of surface complex model indicated that there should be minimal difference between removal of CuII-EDTA and NiII-EDTA by iron (oxy)hydroxides if adsorption was the dominant mechanism. However, through the speciation analysis and characterization of the precipitates generated after coagulation and precipitation, we have demonstrated that at neutral pH the complexation of Fe(III) and EDTA influenced the surface properties of iron (oxy)hydroxides formed, with the higher removal of Cu2+ (compared to Ni2+) contributed by its coprecipitation with Fe(III). Moreover, at basic pH, decomplexation of CuII-EDTA occurred on the iron (oxy)hydroxides surface with the released copper ions involved in the formation of (oxy)hydroxides. The low removal of nickel (from NiII-EDTA) was ascribed to the higher conditional stability constant of NiII-EDTA. Results of this study have advanced our understanding of the complicated interactions among Fe(III), organic ligands and heavy metals in the industrial effluents, and provide insight to optimization of the process efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic membrane constructed by hydrophilic polymers possesses great advantage in the separation of oily waste water, due to its intrinsic oil-repellent property. The formation of hydration layer to repel and block oil is considered as the mechanism of underwater superoleophobicity and subsequent oil/water separation. Constructing a stable hydrophilic polymer network on the substrate surface would significantly improve the robustness of hydration layer. In this work, a feasible and universal mussel-inspired dip-coating method was developed for constructing stable hydrophilic polymer network onto target substrate surface, via successively immersing substrate membranes into aqueous solutions of polydopamine (PDA) and catechol-functionalized hydrophilic polymer (CFHP). After pre-wetting with water, the polymer network would swell with water to form a thin and stable water film layer, serving as a barrier against oil penetration. The as-prepared CFHP/PDA modified membranes exhibit outstanding performance in separating various oil/water mixtures and oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by surfactants, with separation flux up to 5641.1 L·m−2·h−1 and separation efficiency achieving 99.98%. The surface modification method developed in this work can be easily extended to various materials and membrane systems, for achieving a variety of practical applications such as industrial wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyes are the most ubiquitous organic pollutants in industrial effluents. They are highly toxic to both plants and animals; thus, their removal is paramount to the sustainability of ecosystem. However, they have shown resistance to photolysis and various biological, physical, and chemical wastewater remediation processes. Membrane removal technology has been vital for the filtration/separation of the dyes. In comparison to polymeric membranes, inorganic and mixed matrix (MM) membranes have shown potentials to the removal of dyes. The inorganic and MM membranes are particularly effective due to their high porosity, enhanced stability, improved permeability, higher enhanced selectivity and good stability and resistance to harsh chemical and thermal conditions. They have shown prospects in filtration/separation, adsorption, and catalytic degradation of the dyes. This review highlighted the advantages of the inorganic and MM membranes for the various removal techniques for the treatments of the dyes. Methods for the membranes production have been reviewed. Their application for the filtration/separation and adsorption have been critically analyzed. Their application as support for advanced oxidation processes such as persulfate, photo-Fenton and photocatalytic degradations have been highlighted. The mechanisms underscoring the efficiency of the processes have been cited. Lastly, comments were given on the prospects and challenges of both inorganic and MM membranes towards removal of the dyes from industrial effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates Alum sludge from drinking water treatment plants for the efficient and cost-effective removal of phosphates from aqueous solutions. Extensive characterization and batch experiments have established that optimal phosphate removal was achieved with a sludge dosage of 20 g L−1 (at an initial phosphate concentration of 100 mg L−1), a pH of 5, a temperature of 23 °C, and a stirring speed of 200 rpm. These conditions significantly reduced phosphate levels, ensuring compliance with legal discharge limits. The Langmuir isotherm, pseudo-second-order kinetic and intraparticle diffusion models best described the adsorption process, highlighting the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the phenomenon. The sludge effectively reduced phosphate concentrations to acceptable levels when applied to dairy effluents. This study underscores the potential of Alum sludge as a viable solution for phosphate management in environmental cleanup efforts. • The removal of phosphate from aqueous media by low-cost sorbent. • Alum sludges produced by a drinking water treatment plant was used as adsorbent. • Effectiveness of the sorbent was evaluated in different conditions. • Adsorption properties were scrutinized through kinetic and isothermal studies. • The benefits of the sorbent were revealed by its assessment in a dairy industrial effluent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fly ash (FA) is mainly composed of silica, alumina, and other metal oxide components, and has a positive stabilizing effect on soil heavy metals. Biochar composites produced from FA and corn stover (CS) can improve its remediation performance. Therefore, a batch of biochar composites (alkali-fused FA-CS biochars, ABs), synthesized via co-pyrolysis of CS and alkali-fused FA (AFFA) at different temperatures of 300, 500, and 700 °C (AB300-1, AB500-1, and AB700-1) and CS to AFFA mass ratios of 10:1, 10:2, and 10:5 (AB500-1, AB500-2, and AB500-5), was used to remediate lead (Pb)-contaminated soil. Compared with pristine biochars (BCs), ABs were enriched with oxygen-containing functional groups (Si–O–Si and Si–O) and aromatic structures. The ABs prepared at lower pyrolytic temperature (≤500 °C) and lower ratio of CS to AFFA (10:1) showed higher yield and stability. The contents of Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)-extractable Pb and DTPA-CaCl 2 -triethanolamine (DTPA)-extractable Pb were generally lower in the soils amended with ABs than BCs. Compared with other ABs such as AB300-1, AB500-2, AB500-5, and AB700-1, the soil amended with AB500-1 had lower contents of TCLP and DTPA-extractable Pb (24% reduction), exhibiting superior performance in stabilizing Pb in the soil. The gradual decrease of DTPA-extractable Pb content in the soil with increasing dosage of AB500-1 amendments suggests that AB500-1 facilitated the conversion of bioavailable Pb to the stable and less toxic residual fractions. Specifically, the highest percentage of residual fraction of Pb in soil amended with AB500-1 was 14%. Correlation analyses showed that the soil DTPA-extractable Pb content decreased with the increase of soil pH and cation-exchange capacity (CEC) value. ABs stabilize Pb in the soils mainly via electrostatic attraction, precipitation, cation-π interaction, cation exchange, and complexation. These findings provide insights for producing functionalized biochar composites from industrial waste like FA and biomass waste for remediating the soils polluted by heavy metals. [Display omitted] • Physicochemical properties of fly ash improved with NaOH modification. • Co-pyrolysis of alkali-fused fly ash and corn stover synthesized biochar composites. • Biochar composites stabilized Pb via precipitation, cation-π interaction, and complexation. • Biochar composite properties, soil pH, and CEC determined Pb stabilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quorum sensing (QS) is prevalent in activated sludge processes; however, its essential role in the treatment of heavy metal wastewater has rarely been studied. Therefore, in this study, acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated QS was used to regulate the removal performance, enzyme activity, and microbial community of Cd- and Pb-containing wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) over 30 cycles. The results showed that exogenous AHL strengthened the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in their coexistence wastewater during the entire period. The removal of NH 4 +-N, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was also enhanced by the addition of AHL despite the coexistence of Cd(II) and Pb(II). Meanwhile, the protein content of extracellular polymeric substances was elevated and the microbial metabolism and antioxidative response were stimulated by the addition of AHL, which was beneficial for resistance to heavy metal stress and promoted pollutant removal by activated sludge. Microbial sequencing indicated that AHL optimized the microbial community structure, with the abundance of dominant taxa Proteobacteria and Unclassified_f_Enterobacteriaceae increasing by 73.9% and 59.2% maximally, respectively. This study offers valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying Cd(II) and Pb(II) removal as well as microbial community succession under AHL availability in industrial wastewater. • AHL promoted the simultaneous removal of Cd and Pb by activated sludge. • The removal of N, P, and COD was enhanced by AHL despite coexistence of Cd and Pb. • AHL stimulated EPS secretion, the anti-oxidative response and metabolic activity. • Microbial community was optimized by AHL in response to heavy metal stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The footwear industry significantly impacts the environment, from raw material extraction to waste disposal. Transforming waste into new products is a viable option to mitigate the environmental consequences, reducing the reliance on virgin raw materials. This work aims to develop thermal and acoustic insulation materials using polyester waste from footwear industry. Two nonwoven and two compressed nonwoven structures, comprising 80% polyester waste and 20% commercial recycled polyester (matrix), were produced. The materials were created through needle-punching and compression molding techniques. The study included the production of sandwich and monolayer nonwoven structures, which were evaluated considering area weight, thickness, air permeability, mechanical properties, morphology using field emission scanning electron microscopy, and thermal and acoustic properties. The nonwoven samples presented high tensile strength (893 kPa and 629 kPa) and the highest strain (79.7% and 73.3%) and compressed nonwoven structures showed higher tensile strength (2700 kPa and 1291 kPa) but reduced strain (25.8% and 40.8%). Nonwoven samples showed thermal conductivity of 0.041 W/K.m and 0.037 W/K.m. Compressed nonwoven samples had higher values at 0.060 W/K.m and 0.070 W/K.m. While the sample with the highest conductivity exceeds typical insulation levels, other samples are suitable for thermal insulation. Nonwoven structures exhibited good absorption coefficients (0.640–0.644), suitable for acoustic insulation. Compressed nonwoven structures had lower values (0.291–0.536), unsuitable for this purpose. In summary, this study underscores the potential of 100% recycled polyester structures derived from footwear and textile industry waste, showcasing remarkable acoustic and thermal insulation properties ideal for the construction sector. • Insulating panels were developed and optimized based on 100% recycled materials using footwear polyester waste. • The obtained materials were characterized and tested with ISO norms for mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties. • Materials are of similar or higher quality when compared with conventional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and fermentation (SPDAF) process presents a promising solution to treat domestic and nitrate wastewaters. However, its capability to handle fluctuating C/N ratios (the ratios of COD to total inorganic nitrogen) in practical applications remains uncertain. In this study, the SPDAF process was operated for 236 days with C/N ratios of 0.7–3.5, and a high and stable efficiency of nitrogen removal (84.9 ± 7.8%) was achieved. The denitrification and anammox contributions were 6.1 ± 7.1% and 93.9 ± 7.1%, respectively. Batch tests highlighted the pivotal role of in situ fermentation at low biodegradable chemical oxygen demand (BCOD)/NO 3 − ratios. As the BCOD/NO 3 − ratios increased from 0 to 6, the NH 4 + and NO 3 − removal rates increased, while the anammox contribution decreased from 100% to 80.1% but remained the primary pathway of nitrogen removal. The cooperation and balanced growth of denitrifying bacteria, anammox bacteria, and fermentation bacteria contributed to the system's robustness under fluctuating C/N ratios. [Display omitted] • The SPDAF process had a robustness under fluctuant C/N ratios of 0.7–3.5. • The SPDAF process obtained a stable and high nitrogen removal efficiency (84.9 ± 7.8%). • The anammox contribution (93.9 ± 7.1%) always kept at the lead in the nitrogen removal. • Fermentation played a key role in the full utilization of the complex organics. • Main functional bacteria cooperated and supported the robustness of SPDAF process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brick kiln co-treatment is a novel industrial hazardous wastes (IHWs) utilization process. However, the effects of chlorine (Cl) in wastes on heavy metals (HMs) during this process are overlooked. This study investigated the stabilization/solidification (S/S) and volatilization, as well as long and short-term leaching, of HMs in Cl-containing bricks. The results indicated enhanced formations of stable mineral phases (NiFe 2 O 4 , Ni 2 SiO 4 , Cd 3 Al 2 Si 3 O 12 , CdSiO 3 , FeCr 2 O 4 , Cr 2 O 3 , CuFe 2 O 4 , and CuAl 2 O 4) in bricks at a low sintering temperature (800 °C) due to the affinity between Cl and HMs. By comparing HM concentrations before and after sintering in bricks, the study observed that Cl's presence significantly elevated the volatilization rates for Cd and Cu by 30.8% and 14.2%, respectively. In contrast, the effect on volatilization for Ni and Cr was not significant. Additionally, utilizing the NEN 7375 method, the cumulative leaching rates of Ni, Cd, Cr, and Cu over a 64-day experiment under extremely acidic conditions were 0.22%, 7.18%, 0.01%, and 1.46%, respectively. Similarly, higher short-term leaching rates of Cd (4.03%) and Cu (5.73%) than those of Ni (0.94%) and Cr (0.08%) were observed. This finding might be attributed to the lower stability of the Cd and Cu solid phases under acidic environments compared to those of Ni and Cr. Surface wash-off, dissolution, and diffusion were the processes governing HM leaching from bricks. The 10-year projections revealed a minimal release of HMs during future extended leaching, implying the successful S/S of HMs. This study provides a reference for assessing the environmental impacts of brick kiln co-processing of Cl-containing IHWs. [Display omitted] • Cl promoted to the solidification/stabilization of HMs at 800 °C. • Evaluated the impact of Cl on the volatilization of HMs in bricks. • Sur-W, Dis-F, and Dif-C predominantly control HM leaching under Cl conditions. • Environmental effects of IHWs sintered brick technology have been revealed. • Brick kiln co-treatment mitigated the environmental risks of Ni and Cd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loess, a terrestrial clastic sediment, is formed essentially by the accumulation of wind-blown dust, while stone waste (SW) is an industrial waste produced during stone machining. Utilising loess and SW to prepare environmentally-friendly supplementary cementitious materials can not only address environmental issues caused by solid waste landfills but also meet the demand of reinforcement of coal-seam floor aquifer for grouting materials. In this paper, the effects of the loess/SW mass ratio and calcination temperature on the transformation of calcined products are investigated and their pozzolanic activities are evaluated. The workability, environmental impact and cost of grouting materials based on cement and calcined products are also assessed. Experimental results reveal that higher temperatures favour the formation of free lime and periclase, which tend to be involved in solid-state reactions. Higher temperature and loess/SW mass ratio strengthens the diffraction peaks of dodecalcium hepta-aluminate (C 12 A 7), dicalcium ferrite (C 2 F) and dicalcium silicate (C 2 S). The clay minerals in loess become completely dehydroxylated before 825 °C, generating amorphous SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3. Covalent Si–O bonds are interrupted and that disordered silicate networks are generated in the calcined products, which is confirmed by the increased strength of the Si29 resonance region at −60 ppm to −80 ppm. Although co-calcined loess and SW contain the most four-fold aluminium at 950 °C, recrystallisation depresses the pozzolanic activity. Hence, the loess/SW sample designated LS 2-825 exhibits the better hydration activity. Additionally, grouting materials composed of cement and LS 2-825 exhibit good setting times, fluidity, strength and a low carbon footprint in practical engineering applications, and they also provide the additional benefit of being cost effective. • Utilising waste stone and loess to prepare SCMs was proposed. • The effect of temperature on co-calcined waste stone-loess was investigated. • The influence of mass ratio on co-calcined waste stone-loess was explored. • Grouting materials with calcined LS 2-825 possess excellent workability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to tackle the environmental problems induced by Portland cement production and industrial solid wastes landfilling, this study aims to develop novel ternary cementless fly ash-based geopolymer by recycling red mud and blast furnace slag industrial solid wastes. The fresh-state properties, mechanical strength, water permeability, phase assemblage and microstructure were systematically investigated to evaluate the performance variation and reveal the hydration mechanism for geopolymers with different mixing proportions. The results showed that a higher slag content or a lower red mud content could result in the higher fluidity and shorter setting time for fresh mixture. The existence of slag promoted the transformation of N-A-S-H to C-A-S-H gel, which contributed to higher compressive strength and better resistance to water penetration. However, an excessive incorporation of 30% red mud may impede the generation of N-A-S-H gel and form more flocculent-like loose hydrates, thus to mildly degrade the mechanical strength and anti-permeability. The synergetic utilization of red much and blast furnace slag in fly ash-based geopolymer led to much less CO 2 emission compared with the condition that red much or slag was singly added, which demonstrated prominent environmental advantages for such kind of ternary cementless geopolymer with equivalent mechanical strength. [Display omitted] • A series of novel cementless geopolymers with ternary solid wastes were designed with low CO 2 emission. • Synergetic utilization of red mud and slag endowed fly ash-based geopolymer with adaptive fresh properties. • The influential mechanisms of red mud and slag on strength and permeability of geopolymer were clarified. • The hydration products and microstructure of geopolymer with red mud and slag were revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, efficient and low energy-consuming process available to generate resultful radicals from PMS for organic pollutants removal had been employed in this study. Slag had been used as the activator for organic pollutants degradation under slag/PMS advanced oxidation process. In this work, effects of slag with or without pretreatment on pollutant removal were studied and radical species generated by slag were measured. Calcination pretreatment is one efficient method to enhance the degradation efficiency significantly. Due to Fe 3 O 4 and Fe 2 O 3 became the dominant phases after calcination, it was about 8.6-flods increasing after comparing the pollutant removal efficiency for different slag/PMS system with calcination pretreatment or not. Organic pollutant neither degraded in PMS system at 25 °C nor being absorbed by slag system for 60 min. On the contrary, up to 90% pollutant concentration reduction achieved in the slag/PMS process. During this process, both •OH and SO 4 •- had been detected once slag and PMS interaction in wastewater. Through the free radicals quenching tests,•OH should be the key free radical in this advanced oxidation process for the organic pollutant removal under this alkaline condition. In general, organic degradation rate was determined by the slag dosage, and the maximum degradation efficiency was mainly controlled by the PMS usage. This work is expected to broaden the high-value reutilization way for industrial solid waste. • A simple and efficient reutilization method was proposed for slag as PMS activator. • Both.•OH and SO4•- could be detected in slag/PMS system. • Calcinated pretreatment enhanced the oxidation capacity and degradation efficiency. • Up to 90% organic pollutants degradation achieved in slag/PMS system. • Iron oxide contributed oxidation performance improvement synergized with alkaline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic CuFe 2 O 4 /MnO 2 heterojunctions were prepared by hydrothermal method, and the effect of different reaction temperature on the physicochemical properties and catalytic activity was investigated. The CuFe 2 O 4 /MnO 2 heterojunctions prepared at 100 °C can effectively activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) at multiple application scenarios for degradation and mineralization of tetracycline, o-nitrophenol and ceftriaxone sodium under indoor light, visible light and dark condition. Additionally, the CuFe 2 O 4 /MnO 2 -PMS system showed high catalytic activity and anti-interference ability for degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants in natural water bodies and industrial wastewater. The TC removal efficiency in Qianhu Lake water, Ganjian g River water and tap water was about 88%, 92% and 89%, respectively. The CuFe 2 O 4 /MnO 2 -PMS system is also effective for actual pharmaceutical wastewater treatment with 77.9% of COD removal efficiency. Interestingly, the reactive species of CuFe 2 O 4 /MnO 2 -PMS system under visible light are different from those in dark condition, and the different catalytic mechanisms at multiple application scenarios were proposed. This work provides new insights into mechanism exploration of heterojunction catalyst for PMS activation. [Display omitted] • The effect of reaction temperature on performance of CuFe 2 O 4 /MnO 2 was studied. • Magnetic CuFe 2 O 4 /MnO 2 -PMS system was efficacious for degradation of various pollutants. • CuFe 2 O 4 /MnO 2 -PMS showed high catalytic activity and anti-interference ability. • CuFe 2 O 4 /MnO 2 -PMS can effectively treat industrial wastewater. • Different catalytic mechanisms at multiple application scenarios were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resource utilization of industrial lignin to construct high-performance catalysts for wastewater treatment field is pioneering research. Herein, the novel graphitized carbon-supported CuCoAl-layered double oxides (LDOs-GC) were successfully designed by the domain-limited thermal transformation technology using sodium lignosulfonate (LS) self-assembled CuCoAl-layered double hydroxides as the precursor. The optimized LDOs-GC catalyst owned the excellent tetracycline (TC) degradation of 98.0% within 15 min by activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) under optimal conditions (20 mg/L catalyst, 1.5 mM PMS, 30 mg/L TC). The density of metal ions in the catalyst and the synergistic interaction between graphitized carbon (GC) and metal ions played a major role in TC degradation. Based on a comprehensive analysis, the TC degradation in LDOs-GC/PMS system was proved to be accomplished by a combination of free radicals (SO 4 · − and HO ·) and non-radicals (1O 2). Meanwhile, the possible degradation pathways of TC were proposed by the analysis of TC degradation intermediates and a comprehensive analysis of the rational reaction mechanism for TC degradation by LDOs-GC/PMS system was also performed. This work provides a new strategy for developing novel high-performance catalysts from industrial waste, while offering a green, cheap and sustainable approach to antibiotic degradation. [Display omitted] • This study provided a new idea for the waste utilization of sodium lignosulfonate. • A composite catalyst were constructed by a domain-limited thermal transformation. • The synergistic effect of ions in the catalyst can improve the degradation efficiency. • The innovative degradation pathways and mechanism in the system were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a series of porous organic polymer (POP) supported chloramphenicol base (ANP) derived organocatalysts with different polymeric condition or molecule structure and applied it to the asymmetric alcoholysis of cyclic meso -anhydrides. The optimal POP catalyst shows great enantioselectivity and good recyclability in asymmetric organocatalysis, which are the best performance in the research of ANP catalysts for asymmetric desymmetrization of cyclic meso -anhydrides. [Display omitted] • Starting material for porous organic polymer (POP) catalyst—(1 S , 2 S)-2-amino-1-(p -nitrophenyl)propane-1, 3-diol, as a chiral waste in the industrial production of chloramphenicol, enables efficient use of waste to a great extent. • The optimal POP catalyst shows great catalytic performance and good recyclability in asymmetric desymmetrization of meso -cyclic anhydrides, which even surpasses the corresponding homogeneous counterparts. • Potential application of POP catalyst in the formal synthesis of (+)-grandisol and total synthesis of (S)-pregabalin and (S)-piperidone. • The POP catalysts could be recovered easily and reused multiple times (10 runs) without apparent loss of catalytic activity and enantioselectivity. A series of porous organic polymer (POP) supported chloramphenicol base (ANP) derived catalysts are designed and prepared. A deep study of the polymerization condition, including reaction temperature, the ratio of monomers and the option of polymetric position on ANP scaffold was conducted. The best catalyst, poly - I a, performs high stereoselectivity and catalytic activity (up to 98% yield and 99% ee) in asymmetric alcoholysis of meso -cyclic anhydride with the possibility of high recyclability (at least 10 times). More importantly, poly - I a even obtains higher enantioselectivity compared to its homogeneous monomer, which overcomes the common drawback of heterogeneous organocatalysts, for instance, lower selectivity and diminished reactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenols, dyes, and metal ions present in industrial wastewater can adversely affect the environment and leach biological carcinogens. Given that the current research focuses only on the removal of one or two of those categories. Herein, this work reports a novel ZIF-8@IL-MXene/Poly(N -isopropylacrylamide) (NIPAM) nanocomposite hydrogel that can efficiently and conveniently absorb and separate multiple pollutants from industrial wastewater. Ionic liquid (IL) was grafted onto MXene surfaces using a one-step method, and then incorporated into NIPAM monomer solutions to obtain the IL-MXene/PNIPAM composite hydrogel via in-situ polymerization. ZIF-8@IL-MXene/PNIPAM nanocomposite hydrogels were obtained by in-situ growth of ZIF-8 on the pore walls of composite hydrogels. As-prepared nanocomposite hydrogel showed excellent mechanical properties and can withstand ten repeated compressions without any damage, the specific surface area increased by 100 times, and the maximum adsorption capacities for p -nitrophenol (4-NP), crystal violet (CV), and copper ion (Cu2+) were 198.40, 325.03, and 285.65 mg g−1, respectively, at room temperature. The VPTTs of all hydrogels ranged from 33 to 35 °C, so the desorption process can be achieved in deionized water at 35–40 °C, and its adsorption capacities after five adsorption-desorption cycles decreased to 79%, 91%, and 29% for 4-NP, CV, and Cu2+, respectively. The adsorption data fitting results follow pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich models, which is based on multiple interactions between the functional groups contained in hydrogels and adsorbent molecules. The hydrogel is the first to realize the high-efficiency adsorption of phenols, dyes and metal ions in industrial wastewater simultaneously, and the preparation process of hydrogels is environmentally friendly. Also, giving hydrogel multifunctional adsorption is beneficial to promote the development of multifunctional adsorption materials. [Display omitted] • Simultaneous efficient adsorption of phenols, dyes and metal ions was firstly achieved. • Preparation and desorption processes of hydrogels are environmentally friendly. • High adsorption capacities for 4-NP, CV, and Cu2+ are 198.40, 325.03, and 285.65 mg g−1. • The hydrogel exhibited excellent mechanical properties under various actions. • The hydrogel has both adsorption and reduction capabilities for 4-NP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus (P) removal from urban wastewater is increasingly relevant in the wastewater treatment sector. The present work aims to contribute to the study of the adsorption process as a P removal technology. Biogenic calcium carbonate from industrial eggshell waste prepared by milling and calcination was used as an adsorbent. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted using real wastewater with 40 mg P/L (orthophosphate), original pH 7.33, under stirring conditions (100 rpm). The adsorbent was characterized using SEM-EDS, XRD, and FTIR-ATR before and after adsorption. From an initial screening of calcination times (15, 30, 60, and 120 min) and considering a balance between P removal and energy saving, the adsorbent selected was eggshell calcined at 700 °C for 60 min. The Langmuir isotherms describe the experimental data with a maximum adsorption capacity of 4.57 mg P/g at 25 °C. The adsorption process reached equilibrium within 120 min for different dosages (5, 10, and 20 g/L at 25 °C). Batch experiments showed that SO 4 2−, at a concentration of 2689 mg/L reduced the P adsorption selectivity for dosages ≤10 g/L at 25 °C. Characterization of the loaded adsorbent shows that P adsorption from real wastewater is mostly electrostatic attraction, with the contribution of ligand exchange and microprecipitation. The adsorption capacity and behavior of the selected adsorbent seem promising for P removal from urban wastewater compared with other low-cost adsorbents. • Biogenic calcium carbonate-based adsorbent has potential for P removal. • The adsorbent showed good performance in real wastewater (4. 57 mg P/g). • Sulfate ions may influence the selectivity of the adsorbent for phosphorus. • The main mechanism for P removal in real wastewater is electrostatic attraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the combined production of reclaimed water for reuse purposes and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from an agro-food industrial wastewater. A pilot plant implementing a two-stage process for PHA production was studied. It consisted of a mainstream sequencing batch membrane bioreactor (SBMBR) in which selection of PHA-accumulating organisms and wastewater treatment were carried out in, and a side-stream fed-batch reactor (FBR) where the excess sludge from the SBMBR was used for PHA accumulation. The performance of the SBMBR was compared with that of a conventional sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating the same wastewater under different food to microorganisms' ratios (F/M) ranging between 0.125 and 0.650 kgCOD kgTSS−3 d−1. The SBMBR enabled to obtain very high-quality effluent in compliance with the relevant national (Italy) and European regulations (Italian DM 185/03 and EU, 2020/741) in the field of wastewater reclamation, whereas the performances in the SBR collapsed at F/M higher than 0.50 kgCOD kgTSS−1d−1. A maximum intracellular storage of 45% (w/w) and a production yield of 0.63 gPHA L−1h−1 were achieved when the SBMBR system was operated with a F/M ratio close to 0.50 kgCOD kgTSS−1d−1. This resulted approximately 35% higher than those observed in the SBR, since the ultrafiltration membrane avoided the washout of dispersed and filamentous bacteria capable of storing PHA. Furthermore, while maximizing PHA productivity in conventional SBR systems led to process dysfunctions, in the SBMBR system it helped mitigate these issues by reducing membrane fouling behaviour. The results of this study supported the possibility to achieve combined recovery of reclaimed water and high-value added bioproducts using membrane technology, leading the way for agro-food industrial wastewater valorization in the frame of a circular economy model. [Display omitted] • A mainstream SBMBR was used for the combined recovery of treated water and PHA. • SBMBR effluent complied with reuse limits set by the current European regulations. • PHA performance (45% w/w and 0.63 gPHA L−1h−1) were higher in the SBMBR than the SBR. • Competitive reactions to PHA accumulation (EPS synthesis) were limited in the SBMBR. • PHA accumulation significantly reduced the membrane fouling tendency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual chambered microbial fuel cell (DMFC) is an advanced and effective treatment technology in wastewater treatment. The current work has made an effort to treat petrochemical industrial wastewater (PWW) as a DMFC substrate for power generation and organic substance removal. Investigating the impact of organic load (OL) on organic reduction and electricity generation is the main objective of this study. At the OL of 1.5 g COD/L, the highest total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) removal efficiency of 88%, soluble oxygen demand (SCOD) removal efficiency of 80% and total suspended solids (TSS) removal efficiency of 71% were seen, respectively. In the same optimum condition of 1.5 g COD/L, the highest current and power density of about 270 mW/m2 and 376 mA/m2 were also observed. According to the results of this study, using high-strength organic wastewater in DMFC can assist in addressing the issue of the petrochemical industries and minimize the energy demand. • Petrochemical industrial wastewater (PWW) was treated using a dual chambered MFC. • 88% of TCOD removal efficiency was obtained after treatment. • 75% of phenol and 71% of sulphide was removed during this treatment. • Maximum power density of 270 mW/m2 and current density of 376 mA/m2 was obtained. • Dual chambered MFC was a sustainable technique to produce energy from PWW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This comprehensive review delves into the forefront of wastewater treatment technology, with a specific focus on the revolutionary concept of Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD). (ZLD), underpinned by a sustainable ethos, aspires to accomplish total water reclamation, constituting a pivotal response to pressing environmental issues. The paper furnishes a historical panorama of (ZLD), elucidating its motivating factors and inherent merits. It navigates a spectrum of (ZLD) technologies encompassing thermal methodologies, (ZLD) synergized with Reverse Osmosis (RO), High-Efficiency Reverse Osmosis (HERO), Membrane Distillation (MD), Forward Osmosis (FO), and Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR). Moreover, the study casts a global purview over the deployment status of (ZLD) systems in pursuit of resource recovery, accentuating nations such as the United States, China, India, assorted European Union members, Canada, and Egypt. Meticulous case studies take center stage, underscoring intricate scenarios involving heavily contaminated effluents from challenging sectors including tanneries, textile mills, petroleum refineries, and paper mills. The report culminates by distilling sagacious observations and recommendations, emanating from a collaborative brainstorming endeavor. This compendium embarks on an enlightening journey through the evolution of wastewater treatment, (ZLD)'s ascendancy, and its transformative potential in recalibrating water management paradigms while harmonizing industrial progress with environmental stewardship. • Cutting-edge Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) approach in wastewater treatment. • Comprehensive historical overview of ZLD's evolution. • Exploration of diverse ZLD technologies, including RO, HERO, MD, FO, EDR. • Global ZLD system implementation for resource recovery. • Detailed case studies on challenging industrial effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rise of the concept of carbon neutrality, the current wastewater treatment process of industrial organic wastewater is moving towards the goal of energy conservation and carbon emission reduction. The advantages of anaerobic digestion (AD) processes in industrial organic wastewater treatment for bio-energy recovery, which is in line with the concept of carbon neutrality. This study summarized the significance and advantages of the state-of-the-art AD processes were reviewed in detail. The application of expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors and anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) were particularly introduced for the effective treatment of industrial organic wastewater treatment due to its remarkable prospect of engineering application for the high-strength wastewater. This study also looks forward to the optimization of the AD processes through the enhancement strategies of micro-aeration pretreatment, acidic-alkaline pretreatment, co-digestion, and biochar addition to improve the stability of the AD system and energy recovery from of industrial organic wastewater. The integration of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) with the AD processes for the post-treatment of nitrogenous pollutants for the industrial organic wastewater is also introduced as a feasible carbon-neutral process. The combination of AnMBR and Anammox is highly recommended as a promising carbon-neutral process for the removal of both organic and inorganic pollutants from the industrial organic wastewater for future perspective. It is also suggested that the AD processes combined with biological hydrogen production, microalgae culture, bioelectrochemical technology and other bio-processes are suitable for the low-carbon treatment of industrial organic wastewater with the concept of carbon neutrality in future. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial wastewater effluents are a major source of chemicals in aquatic environments, and many of these chemicals may negatively impact aquatic life. In this study, the crustacean Daphnia magna, a common model organism in ecotoxicity studies, was exposed for 48 h to nine different industrial effluent samples from manufacturing facilities associated with the production of plastics, polymers, and coating products at a range of dilutions: 10, 25, 50, 100% (undiluted). A targeted metabolomic-based approach using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to quantify polar metabolites from individual daphnids that survived the 48 h exposure. Multivariate analyses and metabolite changes revealed metabolic perturbations across all effluent samples studied, with non-monotonic responses and both up and downregulation relative to the unexposed control. Pathway analyses indicated the disruption of similar and distinct pathways, mostly connected to protein synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and antioxidant processes. Overall, we observed disruptions in Daphnia biochemistry that were similar across the effluent samples, but with unique features for each effluent sample. Additionally, non-monotonic heightened responses suggested additive and/or synergistic interactions between the chemicals within the industrial effluents. These findings demonstrate that targeted metabolomic approaches are a powerful tool for the biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems in the context of complex mixtures, such as industrial wastewater effluents. • Daphnia magna metabolic profiles were altered by exposure to industrial effluents. • Effluent exposure impacted amino acid metabolism and antioxidant processes. • No relationship between metabolic responses and individual chemical concentrations. • Evidence for additive and/or synergistic interactions between effluent chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the development of an air-lift bio-electrochemical reactor (ALBER) with a continuous feeding regime. The objective is to enhance nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater with a low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) of the influent wastewater were 500 and 200 mg/L, respectively. The effect of four independent variables, i.e., temperature, hydraulic retention time (HRT), N − NH 4 + / TN ratio and current density in the range of 16–32 °C, 6–12 h, 25–75%, and 2–10 A / m 2 , respectively, at three levels on the bio–electrochemical reactor performance were investigated during the bio–electrochemical reactor operation. The Face Center Cube (FCC) of response surface methodology (RSM) was used for design of experiments and model of obtained data. The ALBER achieved the maximum TN removal of 73% (146 mg/l) using external voltage and zeolite/plastic medium at temperature of 16 °C, HRT of 6 h, current density of 2 A / m 2 and N − NH 4 + / TN ratio of 75%. The results indicated that shortening the HRT from 12 to 6 h, reducing the temperature from 32 °C to 24 °C, increasing the current density from 2 to 6 A / m 2 and the reduction of nitrate concentration caused an increase in the TN removal. The results indicated that the performance of air-lift bio-electrochemical for nitrogen removal could be attributed to autotrophic denitrification (AD) and simultaneous nitrification/denitrification (SND). The research findings suggest that the ALBER should be further studied for potential use in treating industrial wastewater at low temperatures. [Display omitted] • The air-lift bio-electrochemical reactor was a successful design for N removal. • The maximum value of denitrification rate was 0.4728 gN/l.d. • Biocathode could improve nitrogen removal in a low C/N ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective in-situ technology to treat carcinogenic compounds in contaminated areas poses a major challenge. Our objective was to load nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) onto leonardite char (LNDC), an alternative carbon source from industrial waste, for use as a persulfate (PS) activator for styrene treatment in soil and water. By adding a surfactant during synthesis, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) promotes a flower-like morphology and the nZVI formation in smaller sizes. Results showed that nZVI plays a crucial role in PS activation in both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can remove 98% of styrene within 20 min. Quenching experiments indicated that singlet oxygen (1O 2), superoxide radicals (O 2 •–), and sulfate radicals (SO 4 •–) were the main species working together to degrade styrene. XPS analysis also revealed a role of surface oxygen-containing groups (i.e., C O, C–OH) in activating PS for SO 4 •– and 1O 2 generation. The possible reaction mechanism of PS activation by LNDC-CTAB-nZVI composite and factors affecting treatment efficiency (i.e., PS concentration, catalyst dosage, pH, and humic acid) were illustrated. The molarity/molality ratio of PS to nZVI should be set greater than 1 for effective styrene removal. GC-MS analysis showed that styrene was degraded to a less toxic benzaldehyde intermediate. However, the excessive use of PS and catalysts can harm plant growth, requiring a combining approach to achieve safer use for real applications. Overall results supported the use of the LNDC-CTAB-nZVI/PS system as an efficient in-situ treatment technology for soil and water remediation. • CTAB promotes a flower-like morphology and reduces the size of nZVI. • LNDC-CTAB-nZVI/PS system can remove 98% of styrene within 20 min. • 1O 2 , O 2.•–, and SO 4 •– were the active species for styrene degradation. • Styrene was degraded to a less toxic benzaldehyde intermediate. • The effect of the LNDC-CTAB-nZVI/PS system on plant growth was revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]