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1. Cobalamin and folate protect mitochondrial and contractile functions in a murine model of cardiac pressure overload.

Author: Piquereau J, Moulin M, Zurlo G, Mateo P, Gressette M, Paul JL, Lemaire C, Ventura-Clapier R, Veksler V, and Garnier A
Subjects: Animals, Biomarkers, Cells, Cultured, Dietary Supplements, Disease Models, Animal, Energy Metabolism, Heart Failure pathology, Hyperhomocysteinemia metabolism, Mice, Models, Biological, Myocardium metabolism, Myocytes, Cardiac drug effects, Myocytes, Cardiac metabolism, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxidative Stress, Folic Acid pharmacology, Heart Failure metabolism, Heart Failure physiopathology, Mitochondria, Heart drug effects, Mitochondria, Heart metabolism, Myocardial Contraction drug effects, Vitamin B 12 pharmacology
Abstract: PGC-1α, a key regulator of energy metabolism, seems to be a relevant therapeutic target to rectify the energy deficit observed in heart failure (HF). Since our previous work has shown positive effects of cobalamin (Cb) on PGC-1α cascade, we investigate the protective role of Cb in pressure overload-induced myocardial dysfunction. Mice were fed with normal diet (ND) or with Cb and folate supplemented diet (SD) 3weeks before and 4weeks after transverse aortic constriction (TAC). At the end, left ventricle hypertrophy and drop of ejection fraction were significantly lower in SD mice than in ND mice. Alterations in mitochondrial oxidative capacity, fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis transcription cascade were markedly improved by SD. In SD-TAC mice, lower expression level of the acetyltransferase GCN5 and upregulation of the methyltransferase PRMT1 were associated with a lower protein acetylation and a higher protein methylation levels. This was accompanied by a sustained expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis transcription cascade (Tfam, Nrf2, Cox1 and Cox4) after TAC in SD mice, suggesting a preserved activation of PGC-1α; this could be at least partly due to corrected acetylation/methylation status of this co-activator. The beneficial effect of the treatment would not be due to an effect of Cb and folate on oxidative stress or on homocysteinemia, which were unchanged by SD. These results showed that Cb and folate could protect the failing heart by preserving energy status through maintenance of mitochondrial biogenesis. It reinforces the concept of a metabolic therapy of HF., (Copyright Â© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2017
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2. Stimulus specific changes of energy metabolism in hypertrophied heart.

Author: Rimbaud S, Sanchez H, Garnier A, Fortin D, Bigard X, Veksler V, and Ventura-Clapier R
Subjects: Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase genetics, Animals, Atrial Natriuretic Factor genetics, Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase genetics, Disease Models, Animal, Energy Metabolism genetics, Female, Glucose Transporter Type 4 genetics, In Vitro Techniques, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins genetics, Myosin Heavy Chains genetics, Natriuretic Peptide, Brain genetics, Organ Size physiology, Oxygen Consumption physiology, PPAR alpha genetics, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Pregnancy, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases genetics, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase, Rats, Cardiomegaly metabolism, Cardiomegaly physiopathology, Energy Metabolism physiology
Abstract: Cardiac energy metabolism is a determinant of the response to hypertrophic stimuli. To investigate how it responds to physiological or pathological stimuli, we compared the energetic status in models of hypertrophy induced by physiological stimuli (pregnancy or treadmill running) and by pathological stimulus (spontaneously hypertensive rats, SHR) in 15 week-old female rats, leading to a 10% cardiac hypertrophy. Late stage of compensated hypertrophy was also studied in 25 week-old SHR (35% of hypertrophy). Markers of cardiac remodelling did not follow a unique pattern of expression: in trained rats, only ANF was increased; in gravid rats, calcineurin activation and BNP expression were reduced while beta-MHC expression was enhanced; all markers were clearly up-regulated in 25 week-old SHR. Respiration of permeabilized fibers revealed a 17% increase in oxidative capacity in trained rats only. Mitochondrial enzyme activities, expression of the master regulator PGC-1alpha and mitochondrial transcription factor A, and content of mitochondrial DNA were not consistently changed, suggesting that compensated hypertrophy does not involve alterations of mitochondrial biogenesis. Mitochondrial fatty acid utilization tended to increase in trained rats and decreased by 14% in 15 week-old SHR. Expression of markers of lipid oxidation, PPARalpha and its down-stream targets MCAD and CPTI, was up-regulated after training and tended to decrease in gravid and 15 week-old SHR rats. Taken together these results show that there is no univocal pattern of cardiac adaptation in response to physiological or pathological hypertrophic stimuli, suggesting that other factors could play a role in determining adaptation of energy metabolism to increased workload.
Published: 2009
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3. Does angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition improve the energetic status of cardiac and skeletal muscles in heart failure induced by aortic stenosis in rats?

Author: Momken I, Kahapip J, Bahi L, Badoual T, Hittinger L, Ventura-Clapier R, and Veksler V
Subjects: Animals, Body Constitution, Echocardiography, Mitochondria metabolism, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A metabolism, Rats, Renin-Angiotensin System physiology, Aortic Valve Stenosis metabolism, Cardiac Output, Low metabolism, Muscle, Skeletal metabolism, Myocardium metabolism
Abstract: Recently, we have demonstrated that heart failure in rats is associated with a myopathy altering energy metabolism in different muscles, but the origin of this myopathy is still unknown. Here, we studied the possible involvement of increased angiotensin II (Ang II) by treatment with perindopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). The beneficial effects of ACE inhibition could result either from vasodilatation-induced cardiac unloading or from inhibition of the direct angiotensin action on the muscle cells. The model of aortic banding with persisting left ventricular (LV) overload where the cardiac unloading does not occur allows to distinguish between the two effects of ACE inhibition. Four months after aortic clipping (just before the treatment), echocardiographic study showed an impairment of the systolic function (decrease of the LV shortening by 30% and ejection fraction by 21%). Ten-week treatment with perindopril dramatically decreased Ang II plasma level but did not reduce LV hypertrophy though a significant decrease in right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy occurred. Perindopril did not improve alterations in activities of energy metabolism enzymes (creatine kinase, citrate synthase, cytochrome c oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase) either in ventricular or in skeletal (gastrocnemius) muscle. Similarly, ACE inhibition did not improve the main parameters of mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized muscle fibers. These data suggest that the generalized metabolic myopathy induced by the hemodynamic abnormalities conditioned by the continuous LV overload (aorta clipping) does not result from the increase in Ang II level per se. Correction of hemodynamic parameters and LV unloading seem to be the prerequisite for the improvement of muscle energy metabolism abnormalities.
Published: 2003
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4. Dual influence of disease and increased load on diaphragm muscle in heart failure.

Author: De Sousa E, Veksler V, Bigard X, Mateo P, Serrurier B, and Ventura-Clapier R
Subjects: Animals, Citrate (si)-Synthase metabolism, Creatine Kinase metabolism, Creatine Kinase, MB Form, Heart Failure pathology, Isoenzymes metabolism, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase metabolism, Male, Mitochondria metabolism, Myocardial Contraction, Myocardium pathology, Phenotype, Proteins metabolism, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Diaphragm metabolism, Heart Failure metabolism, Myocardium metabolism
Abstract: We have recently shown that mitochondrial function and energy metabolism are altered in the myocardium as well as in slow and fast locomotor muscles of rats subjected to prolonged congestive heart failure (CHF) suggesting a generalized metabolic myopathy in heart failure. Here, we investigate whether the diaphragm of CHF animals, which experiences both increased work and the general systemic influence of heart failure, will also be susceptible to altered energy metabolism. Biopsies were obtained from the costal diaphragm of failing rats 8 months after aortic banding. A marked increase in type I and type IIa myosin heavy chains at the expense of types IIx and IIb, suggests an adaptation towards a slower phenotype. Glycolytic enzymes decreased in CHF diaphragm with an increase in the H:M lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme ratio. These results suggest a reorientation of the diaphragm muscle towards a slow, fatigue-resistant phenotype. However, maximal oxidative capacity assessed in saponin-permeabilized fibers in the presence of ADP was considerably reduced in CHF diaphragm (7.7+/-0.4 v 11.8+/-0.7 micromol O2/min/g dry weight in sham P<0.001), suggesting an alteration in oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, ADP sensitivity of CHF mitochondria was significantly increased (apparent Km for ADP 308+/-21 v 945+/-106 microM in sham P<0.001), whereas sensitivity to ADP in the presence of creatine was comparable (Km 79+/-12 v 90+/-11 microM in sham). In heart failure, therefore, the diaphragm muscle seems to adapt towards a more slow and economical contraction as a result of increased workload, but this adaptation is limited by the disease-induced altered mitochondrial function.
Published: 2001
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5. Glycolysis supports calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skinned ventricular fibres of mice deficient in mitochondrial and cytosolic creatine kinase.

Author: Boehm E, Ventura-Clapier R, Mateo P, Lechène P, and Veksler V
Subjects: Animals, Creatine Kinase deficiency, Cytosol enzymology, Heart Ventricles metabolism, Isoenzymes metabolism, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mitochondria enzymology, Myocardial Contraction, Ventricular Function, Calcium metabolism, Creatine Kinase metabolism, Glycolysis, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum metabolism
Abstract: Several works have shown the importance of the creatine kinase (CK) system for cardiac energetics and Ca2+ homeostasis. Nevertheless, CK-deficient mice have cardiac function close to normal, at least under conditions of low or moderate workload. To characterize possible adaptive changes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and potential role of glycolytic support in cardiac contractility we used the skinned fibre technique to study properties of the SR and myofibrils, in control and muscle-type homodimer (MM-/mitochondrial-CK)-deficient mice. In control fibres, SR Ca2+ loading with ATP and phosphocreatine (solution PL) was significantly better than loading with ATP alone (solution AL), as determined by analysis of caffeine-induced tension transients. Loading in the presence of ATP and glycolytic intermediates (solution GL) was not significantly different from solution PL. These data indicate that Ca2+ uptake by the SR in situ depends on a local ATP:ADP ratio that is controlled by both CK and glycolytic enzymes. In CK-deficient mice, Ca2+ loading was impaired in solution PL due to the absence of CK. In solution GL, loading was significantly increased, such that calculated Ca2+ release parameters were normalized to those in control fibres in solution PL. In CK-deficient mice, fibre kinetic parameters of tension recovery were impaired after quick stretch in solution PL and were not improved in solution GL. These results show that in CK-deficient mice, at least under basal conditions, glycolysis can replace the CK system in fueling the SR Ca2+ ATPase, but not the myosin ATPase, and may in part explain the limited phenotypic alterations seen in the hearts of these mice.
Published: 2000
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6. Immunosuppressive treatment affects cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondria by the toxic effect of vehicle.

Author: Sanchez H, Bigard X, Veksler V, Mettauer B, Lampert E, Lonsdorfer J, and Ventura-Clapier R
Subjects: Adenosine Diphosphate pharmacology, Animals, Cyclosporine administration & dosage, Diaphragm drug effects, Ethanol administration & dosage, Fatigue chemically induced, Heart Transplantation, Heart Ventricles drug effects, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents administration & dosage, Male, Muscle, Skeletal drug effects, Olive Oil, Organ Specificity, Oxygen Consumption drug effects, Plant Oils administration & dosage, Polyethylene Glycols administration & dosage, Postoperative Complications chemically induced, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Cyclosporine toxicity, Ethanol toxicity, Immunosuppressive Agents toxicity, Mitochondria, Heart drug effects, Mitochondria, Muscle drug effects, Pharmaceutical Vehicles toxicity, Plant Oils toxicity, Polyethylene Glycols toxicity
Abstract: In order to examine whether immunosuppressive treatment could be responsible for the reduced exercise capacity of heart transplant recipients (HTR), we studied the effects of long-term immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporin A (CsA) and its vehicle (2/3 cremophor and 1/3 alcohol diluted in olive oil) on in situ mitochondrial respiration of different muscles. Rats were fed for 3 weeks with 10 or 25 mg/kg/day CsA in its vehicle (CsA10 and CsA25 groups), or vehicle or H(2)O. Oxygen consumption rate was measured in saponin skinned fibers without (V(0)) and with ADP until maximal respiration (V(max)) was reached and K(M)for ADP as well as V(max)were calculated using non-linear fit of the Michaelis-Menten equation. In the cardiac muscle of the CsA25 group, V(0)and V(max)were decreased by immunosuppressive treatment respectively from 6.33+/-0.51 to 3.18+/-0.3micromol O(2)/min/g dw (P<0.001) and from 29.0+/-1.5 to 18.1+/-1.6micromol O(2)/min/g dw (P<0.001), an effect which could be entirely attributed to the vehicle itself, with no difference between CsA10 and CsA25. Regulation of cardiac mitochondrial respiration by ADP was altered by vehicle with the K(M)for ADP decreasing from 371+/-37 to 180+/-21microm(P<0.001). A similar trend was observed in the diaphragm or soleus, although to a lesser extent. In contrast, V(0)and V(max)decreased in glycolytic gastrocnemius muscle respectively from 1.7+/-0.2 to 0.94+/-0.14 (P<0. 01) and from 6.8+/-0.3 to 5.1+/-0.4micromol O(2)/min/g dw (P<0.001) in the CsA25 group, but the main effects could be attributed to CsA itself. It was concluded that immunosuppressive treatment induces a deleterious effect on cardiac and skeletal muscle oxidative capacities, mainly due to cremophor, the main component of vehicle., (Copyright 2000 Academic Press.)
Published: 2000
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7. Muscle unloading induces slow to fast transitions in myofibrillar but not mitochondrial properties. Relevance to skeletal muscle abnormalities in heart failure.

Author: Bigard AX, Boehm E, Veksler V, Mateo P, Anflous K, and Ventura-Clapier R
Subjects: Animals, Electron Transport, Heart Failure pathology, Heart Failure physiopathology, Male, Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch physiology, Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch physiology, Muscle, Skeletal physiopathology, Muscle, Skeletal ultrastructure, Oxygen Consumption, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Creatine Kinase metabolism, Heart Failure metabolism, Mitochondria, Heart metabolism, Muscle, Skeletal metabolism, Oxygen metabolism
Abstract: Muscle deconditioning is a common observation in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neuromuscular diseases or prolonged bed rest. To gain further insight into metabolic and mechanical properties of deconditioned slow-twitch (soleus) or fast-twitch (EDL) skeletal muscles, we induced experimental muscle deconditioning by hindlimb suspension (HS) in rats for 3 weeks. Cardiac muscle was also studied. Besides profound muscle atrophy, increased proportion of fast type II fibers as well as fast myosin isoenzymes, we found decreased calcium sensitivity of Triton X-100 skinned fiber bundles of soleus muscle directed towards the fast muscle phenotype. Glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase and pyruvate kinase were increased, and the LDH isoenzyme pattern was clearly shifted from an oxidative to an anaerobic profile. Creatine kinase (CK) and myokinase activities were increased in HS soleus towards EDL values. Moreover, the M-CK mRNA level was greatly increased in soleus, with no change in EDL. However, oxygen consumption rate assessed in situ in saponin skinned fibers (12.5 +/- 0.8 in C and 15.1 +/- 0.9 micromol O2/min/g dw in HS soleus compared to 7.3 +/- 1.3 micromol O2/min/g dw in control EDL), as well as mitochondrial CK (mi-CK) and citrate synthase activities, were preserved in HS soleus. Following deconditioning no change in Km for ADP of mitochondrial respiration, either in the absence (511 +/- 92 in C and 511 +/- 111 microM in HS soleus compared to 9 +/- 4 microM in control EDL) or presence of creatine (88 +/- 10 in C and 95 +/- 16 microM in HS soleus compared to 32 +/- 9 microM in control EDL), was found. The results show that muscle deconditioning induces a biochemical and functional slow to fast phenotype transition in myofibrillar and cytosolic compartments of postural muscle, but not in the mitochondrial compartment, suggesting that these compartments are differently regulated under conditions of decreased activity.
Published: 1998
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8. Maintained coupling of oxidative phosphorylation to creatine kinase activity in sarcomeric mitochondrial creatine kinase-deficient mice.

Author: Boehm E, Veksler V, Mateo P, Lenoble C, Wieringa B, and Ventura-Clapier R
Subjects: Animals, Creatine Kinase deficiency, Isoenzymes, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase metabolism, Mice, Mice, Mutant Strains, Oxidation-Reduction, Creatine Kinase metabolism, Mitochondria, Muscle enzymology, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Sarcomeres enzymology
Abstract: The importance of mitochondrial creatine kinase (mi-CK) in oxidative muscle was tested by studying the functional properties of in situ mitochondria in saponin-skinned muscle fibres from sarcomeric mi-CK-deficient (mutant) mice. Biochemical analyses showed that the lack of mi-CK in mutant muscle was associated with a decrease in specific activity of MM-CK in mutant ventricle, and increase in mutant soleus (oxidative) muscle. Lactate dehydrogenase activity and isoenzyme analysis showed an increased glycolytic metabolism in mutant soleus. No change was observed in ventricular muscle. In control animals, the apparent K(m) of mitochondrial respiration for ADP in ventricle and soleus (232 +/- 36 and 381 +/- 63 microM, respectively) was significantly reduced in the presence of creatine (52 +/- 8 and 45 +/- 12 microM, respectively). There was no change in the K(m) in oxidative fibres from mutant mice (258 +/- 27 and 399 +/- 66 microM, respectively) compared with control, though surprisingly, it was also significantly decreased in the presence of creatine (144 +/- 8 and 150 +/- 27 microM, respectively) despite the absence of mi-CK. It is proposed that in mutant (and perhaps normal) oxidative tissue, cytosolic MM-CK can relocate to the outer mitochondrial membrane, where it is coupled to oxidative phosphorylation by close proximity to porin, and the adenine nucleotide translocase. Such an effect can preserve the functioning of the CK shuttle and the energetic properties of mi-CK deficient tissue.
Published: 1998
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9. Biochemical, mechanical and energetic characterization of right ventricular hypertrophy in the ferret heart.

Author: Baudet S, Kuznetsov A, Merciai N, Gorza L, and Ventura-Clapier R
Subjects: Animals, Biomechanical Phenomena, Creatine Kinase metabolism, Ferrets, Male, Mitochondria, Heart metabolism, Myofibrils enzymology, Pulmonary Artery physiology, Energy Metabolism physiology, Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular physiopathology, Myocardial Contraction physiology
Abstract: Ferret right ventricular hypertrophy is characterized by a decreased and prolonged isometric contraction, associated with altered intracellular calcium (Ca2+) regulation. However myofibrillar composition, cross-bridge function and/or energy transfer may also be involved in these contractile disturbances. Therefore, mechanical properties of myofibrils have been studied with Triton X-100-skinned fibres and troponin (Tn) T and I composition has been examined. Mitochondrial function and functional activity of creatine kinase (CK) isoforms have been studied in saponin-skinned fibres of control (C) and hypertrophied (H) ferret right ventricle, to check for a possible mismatch between energy production and utilization. Our results show that neither TnT nor TnI isoform expression, nor myofibrillar Ca2+ responsiveness (similar apparent Ca2+ sensitivity and Hill coefficient) were affected by pressure-overload. Similarly, maximal tension and stiffness, as well as cross-bridge cycling rate (v)--assessed by quick length changes--were not significantly altered. Importantly, passive stiffness was dramatically increased (163 +/- 30 mN/mm2/microns for C v 500 +/- 121 mN/mm2/microns for H; P < 0.02). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between passive stiffness and cross-bridge cycling rate, indicating that a factor involved in the passive stiffness may affect cross-bridge kinetics. Oxidative capacity (normalized to ventricular dry weight), reflecting mitochondrial ATP production and mitochondrial CK efficacy, as well as myofibrillar CK efficacy (assessed by the shift of MgATP-rigor tension curves before and after phosphocreatine addition), were similar in both groups. These results demonstrate that ferret right ventricular pressure-overload was accompanied by a development of myofibrils and a parallel increase of energy production capacity, transfer and utilization. Decreased compliance, probably linked to an increase in the collagen fraction and/or alterations of the cytoskeletal architecture of the overloaded ventricle, could contribute to the slower time course and decreased amplitude of the isometric twitch.
Published: 1994
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10. Ischaemic metabolic factors-high inorganic phosphate and acidosis--modulate mitochondrial creatine kinase functional activity in skinned cardiac fibres.

Author: Veksler V and Ventura-Clapier R
Subjects: Animals, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Isoenzymes, Male, Mitochondria, Heart drug effects, Oxygen Consumption drug effects, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Saponins pharmacology, Sarcolemma drug effects, Acidosis metabolism, Adenosine Diphosphate pharmacology, Creatine pharmacology, Creatine Kinase metabolism, Energy Metabolism, Mitochondria, Heart enzymology, Myocardial Ischemia metabolism, Phosphates metabolism
Abstract: Saponin-skinned rat cardiac fibres were used to study the influence of ischaemic factors (high [Pi] and decreased pH) on functional activity of mitochondrial creatine kinase (mi-CK) in situ by evaluation of the stimulation of respiration by creatine. High (20 mM) [Pi] known to solubilize mi-CK, decreased this stimulation significantly, though mi-CK was still present in the mitochondrial compartment. Acidosis (pH 6.6) increased the stimulation of respiration by creatine at low [Pi], and prevented the decrease in mi-CK functional activity at high [Pi]. Thus, these two ischaemic factors act in opposite directions. The data obtained suggest that under physiological or pathological conditions, inorganic phosphate and protons, by changing the functional coupling between creatine kinase and translocase, may influence the distribution of energy fluxes through adenylate and creatine kinase systems in cardiac tissue. Presence of creatine kinase in mitochondrial compartment is not alone sufficient for functional efficacy of the enzyme.
Published: 1994
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11. Energetics of ionic contracture in rat-heart papillary muscles.

Author: Chinet A, Ventura-Clapier R, and Vassort G
Subjects: Animals, Calorimetry methods, Female, Homeostasis physiology, Male, Organ Size physiology, Papillary Muscles anatomy & histology, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Calcium metabolism, Energy Metabolism drug effects, Myocardial Contraction drug effects, Papillary Muscles drug effects, Potassium pharmacology
Abstract: Energy dissipation and the bearing of tension during ionic contracture in myocardium may not result from one and the same process. To test this, comparative indirect and direct microcalorimetry determinations were made in non-perfused tissue-cell preparations under optimal oxygenation conditions (right papillary muscles, high-pO2 superfusion, 30 degrees C) before, during and after exposure to low-Na, high-K solutions. Over a 15-min contracture plus 45-min recovery cycle, both heat production rate (E), and the indirectly determined heat production rate (EO2) which is oxygen uptake multiplied by the overall energetic equivalent of O2 for nutrient oxidations, were constantly larger than basal rates. The two 60-min time integrals of this increase in metabolic rate were equal [30.3 +/- 3.7 and 31.0 +/- 3.9 (SE) J/g muscle wet weight (n = 9) for E and EO2 respectively]. During contracture however, E exceeded EO2 by 24% (4.7 +/- 1.7 J/g), and during the recovery period EO2 exceeded E by 21% (5.4 +/- 2.6 J/g). Whereas oxidative recovery of the energy lost by the preparation during 15-min contractures was complete, after longer contractures recovery did not occur or was incomplete. In keeping with the now prevalent idea that ion--namely Ca--transport activities are maintained foremost among cellular ATP-dependent processes and consume significant amounts of energy, the present finding that in a 15-min ionic contracture myocardium incurs not only some, but the maximum oxygen debt still compatible with complete oxidative recovery suggests that contracture tension is maintained at low energy cost, essentially by slow-cycling or "rigor" bridges as in hypoxic contractures, whereas heat is mainly related to intracellular calcium homeostasis.
Published: 1993
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12. Rigor tension during metabolic and ionic rises in resting tension in rat heart.

Author: Ventura-Clapier R and Vassort G
Subjects: Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism, Animals, Electric Stimulation, Osmolar Concentration, Papillary Muscles physiology, Phosphocreatine metabolism, Potassium pharmacology, Rats, Sodium pharmacology, Sodium Cyanide pharmacology, Myocardial Contraction drug effects
Published: 1981
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13. Role of cyclic nucleotides and energy-rich phosphates during energetic deficiency in frog heart.

Author: Ventura-Clapier R and Vassort G
Subjects: Adenosine Triphosphate physiology, Animals, Cyclic AMP physiology, Energy Metabolism, Epinephrine pharmacology, Rana esculenta, Myocardial Contraction, Nucleotides, Cyclic physiology, Phosphocreatine physiology
Abstract: Mechanical performance, energy-rich phosphates and cyclic nucleotides of frog heart were measured during energetic deficiency and subsequent addition of adrenaline. When oxidative metabolism was inhibited by 3 mM cyanide, tension decrease was accompanied by a decrease in creatine phosphate while ATP and cyclic nucleotides did not vary significantly. After subsequent addition of adrenaline mechanical activity remained less than control value; creatine phosphate (CP) concentration was further decreased while cAMP was increased in the same proportion as when adrenaline alone was added. In the presence of cyanide, the weak inotropic effect of adrenaline is not due to an alteration of cyclic nucleotides but is rather correlated to a further decrease in energy-rich phosphates, mainly in creatine phosphate. These results suggest that creatine phosphate may control contractile activity and may be a limiting factor for inotropic interventions at least during energetic inhibition.
Published: 1983
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14. Functional state of myofibrils, mitochondria and bound creatine kinase in skinned ventricular fibers of cardiomyopathic hamsters.

Author: Veksler VI, Ventura-Clapier R, Lechene P, and Vassort G
Subjects: Adenosine Diphosphate metabolism, Adenosine Triphosphate pharmacology, Animals, Cardiomyopathies pathology, Cardiomyopathies physiopathology, Cricetinae, Heart physiopathology, Heart Ventricles, Mesocricetus, Mitochondria, Heart enzymology, Myocardial Contraction, Myocardium ultrastructure, Myofibrils enzymology, Myofibrils metabolism, Oxygen Consumption, Phosphocreatine pharmacology, Cardiomyopathies metabolism, Creatine Kinase metabolism, Mitochondria, Heart metabolism, Myocardium metabolism, Myofibrils physiology
Abstract: Functional states of cardiac contractile apparatus and mitochondria were studied in hereditary cardiomyopathic hamsters (CHF 146) and control golden hamsters using cardiac fibers skinned by two different techniques. The Triton X-100 skinned fibers obtained from diseased animals of 175 to 200 days old, or from control animals, demonstrated the same resting and maximal Ca-activated tensions, the same stiffness, the same rate of tension recovery after quick stretch; the fibers from cardiomyopathic animals differed only by a slightly increased calcium sensitivity. Functional activity of myofibrillar creatine kinase in cardiomyopathy was decreased as indicated by a smaller shift in the pMgATP/rigor tension curve to lower [MgATP] in the presence of phosphocreatine and by a slower rate of the tension recovery after quick stretch in the presence of phosphocreatine and ADP (without ATP). The saponin-skinned fibers allow evaluation of the respiration properties of the total tissue mitochondria. Data obtained in the preparations isolated from diseased animals of two ages (75 to 100 and 175 to 200 days) showed that the ratio of maximal ADP-stimulated respiration rate to the respiration rate in the absence of ADP (an analog of respiration control index) was unchanged in myopathy as compared with age-matched controls. However stimulation of respiration after an addition of creatine at submaximal ADP concentration was observed to be respectively 1.45 times and 3.5 times less in the preparations from younger and older myopathic animals as compared with their respective controls, thus indicating the impairment of functional coupling between mitochondrial creatine kinase reaction and oxidative phosphorylation. These results suggest that hereditary cardiomyopathy is associated with alterations in myocardial creatine kinase system, while myofilaments and mitochondria preserve their basic functional properties.
Published: 1988
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15. Effects of halothane on contractile properties of skinned fibers from cardiomyopathic animals.

Author: Murat I, Veksler VI, and Ventura-Clapier R
Subjects: Animals, Body Weight, Cricetinae, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental physiopathology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Male, Mesocricetus, Organ Size, Rats, Cardiomyopathies physiopathology, Halothane pharmacology, Myocardial Contraction drug effects
Abstract: The effects of clinical concentrations of halothane (1 and 2% v/v) on detergent treated cardiac fibers were studied in two different models of cardiomyopathic animals, the Syrian hamster UM-X7.1, and the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. The changes of contractile properties in cardiac muscle observed on cardiomyopathic animals, although of moderate importance, were different in these two models. The cardiomyopathic hamsters exhibited macroscopic structural changes in cardiac muscle responsible for a significant decrease in maximal activated tension, but myocardial calcium sensitivity was unchanged. On the other hand, in diabetic rats, maximal activated tension was unchanged, while a slight but significant increase in myocardial calcium sensitivity was observed. Addition of halothane produced a similar dose-dependent decrease in myocardial calcium sensitivity, in both the controls and the two groups of cardiomyopathic animals. Halothane exposure was also associated with a dose-dependent decrease in maximal calcium activated tension in all groups, an effect that was more pronounced in cardiomyopathic hamsters than in their control at the lowest anesthetic concentration. These results indicate that the negative inotropic effects of halothane are additive to the myocardial depression observed in these cardiomyopathies.
Published: 1989
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16. Contractile properties and creatine kinase activity of myofilaments following ischemia and reperfusion of the rat heart.

Author: Ventura-Clapier R, Veksler VK, Elizarova GV, Mekhfi H, Levitskaya EL, and Saks VA
Subjects: Adenosine Triphosphate pharmacology, Animals, Calcium physiology, Coronary Disease enzymology, In Vitro Techniques, Muscle Relaxation drug effects, Octoxynol, Papillary Muscles metabolism, Phosphocreatine pharmacology, Polyethylene Glycols pharmacology, Rats, Coronary Disease physiopathology, Creatine Kinase metabolism, Myocardial Contraction drug effects, Myocardium enzymology
Abstract: After prolonged ischemia followed by reperfusion of the isolated rat heart, irreversible heart failure is associated with creatine kinase leakage from the cells. The possible implications of MM creatine kinase leakage from myofibrillar compartments on the contractile properties of ventricular muscle have been studied in control versus ischemic hearts. Total creatine kinase activity decreased in ischemic cells while creatine kinase and ATPase activities were not modified in isolated myofibrils. The efficiency of creatine kinase and phosphocreatine in the relaxation of rigor tension in skinned ventricular preparations was not changed after ischemia. Furthermore, neither the pCa/tension relationship nor the rate of tension development following length changes were modified by ischemia. These results show that the contractile properties of myofilaments as well as the functional coupling between myosin ATPase and creatine kinase are preserved in ischemic hearts suffering irreversible contractile failure.
Published: 1987
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17. Cellular, Molecular, and Environmental Contribution in Cardiac Remodeling : From Lab Bench Work to Its Clinical Perspective

Author: Asim K. Duttaroy, Rahul Mallick, Asim K. Duttaroy, and Rahul Mallick
Abstract: Cellular, Molecular and Environmental Contribution in Cardiac Remodeling: From Lab Bench to Clinical Perspective consolidates the most recent research advances on cellular, molecular, biochemical, and heterogeneous factors contributing to the physiological and pathological cardiac remodeling, elucidating their mechanisms of action and the clinical outcomes of cardiac remodeling. It extensively covers the factors determining cardiac remodeling, including cardiomyocyte regeneration, cardiac stem cells and their therapeutic potential, cardiac resident pericytes, the role of natural bioactive compounds in cardiac remodeling, chronic cardiac adaptations to exercise and more. This book provides basic science researchers and clinical investigators in cardiology with a current and comprehensive resource on molecular mechanisms and contributing factors to cardiac remodeling, and its effects and impacts on heart health. New research areas for the future, aimed at preventing, limiting, and reversing bad remodeling, are also discussed.Provides a concise summary of recent developments in cardiac remodeling research, combining novel information and the latest data published in this fieldDiscusses not only cellular and molecular factors impacting cardiac remodeling, but also environmental contributions such as lifestyle and exerciseIdentifies areas for future research and potential novel strategies for translating basic research knowledge to applications in patients
Published: 2024

18. Mitochondrial Transplantation and Transfer : Biology, Methods, Applications, and Disease

Author: Gokhan Burcin Kubat, Oner Ulger, Serdar Gunaydin, Gokhan Burcin Kubat, Oner Ulger, and Serdar Gunaydin
Abstract: Mitochondrial Transplantation and Transfer: Biology, Methods, Applications, and Disease, a volume in the Translational and Applied Bioenergetics series, offers a detailed overview of mitochondrial transplantation across fundamental biology, disease and early therapeutics research. Here, more than twenty experts in the field discuss transplantation and transfer of healthy mitochondria and define future steps to improve new therapeutic applications across a variety of diseases. Emphasis is placed on the physiology of mitochondrial transfer, isolation processes and their applications, transfer methods, and diagnostic and treatment use across cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological diseases, among other disease types. Step-by-step instruction is provided around research protocols and methods discussed, along with careful attention to the ethical implications of mitochondrial transplantation research and application. Provides an in-depth discussion of mitochondrial transplantation, considering fundamental biology, disease implications, research methods and applications Discusses recent advances in the field and their meaning for future research and clinical utility Considers ethical dimensions of mitochondrial transplantation research and use in therapeutics Examines mitochondrial transplantation across a range of disease types, from neurological to cardiovascular disease and ischemia
Published: 2024

19. Glycolysis : Tissue-Specific Metabolic Regulation in Physio-pathological Conditions

Author: Rita Ferreira, Pedro Fontes Oliveira, Rita Nogueira-Ferreira, Rita Ferreira, Pedro Fontes Oliveira, and Rita Nogueira-Ferreira
Abstract: Glycolysis: Tissue-Specific Metabolic Regulation in Physio-Pathological Conditions provides an integrated overview of glycolysis, spanning basic biochemistry, patho-physiology and therapeutic applications. The book also instructs in methods available to study the involvement of the glycolytic events in healthy biology and disease pathology. It begins with an overview of fundamental glycobiology followed by chapters dedicated to glycolysis physiology in organs and systems, pathologic conditions related to glycolytic alterations, glycolysis as a therapeutic target and in drug discovery efforts, and methodological approaches to advance new glycolysis research. Disease areas considered range from cancer to heart failure, diabetes, inborn glycolytic pathway defects, hematologic malignancies, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative diseases and viral Infections. Omics and computational modeling, interactive study methods, and glycolysis flux measurement are described in detail, with step-by-step descriptions of experimental protocols, set-up and analysis. Features chapter contributions from international leaders in the field Spans fundamental aspects of glycolysis, patho-physiology and drug discovery Includes step-by-step instruction in a range of research protocols, ranging from Omics to interactive analysis and measuring glycolysis flux
Published: 2023

20. Natural Molecules in Neuroprotection and Neurotoxicity

Author: Marcos Roberto de Oliveira and Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
Abstract: Natural Molecules in Neuroprotection and Neurotoxicity brings together research in the area of natural compounds and their dual effects of neuroprotection and neurotoxicity when interacting with brain cells. This book is organized into four sections that address molecular mechanism underlying neuroprotection and neurotoxicity, neuroprotection mediated by natural molecules, neurotoxicity induced by natural compounds and nanotechnology-related strategies utilized in neuroprotection. Written by well-known researchers all over the world, chapters provide an in-depth analysis of numerous molecules, such as algae, plant and fungus-derived molecules, and comprehensively discuss their mechanisms of action and possible clinical applications. This book provides an essential reference for researchers and clinical scientists interested in the effects of natural compounds on the human health and disease. Covers both neuroprotective and neurotoxic outcomes resulted from the exposure of brain cells to natural moleculesAnalyzes numerous natural compounds, including animal, vegetal, fungal, bacterial, and marine-derived moleculesDiscusses the effects of the metabolism of microbiota on the biotransformation of natural molecules and the consequences of these processes on brain cellsContains a section focused on the nanotechnology-related strategies utilized to enhance the bioavailability of natural molecules to brain cells
Published: 2023

21. Diet and Nutrition in Neurological Disorders

Author: Colin R Martin, Vinood B. Patel, Victor R Preedy, Colin R Martin, Vinood B. Patel, and Victor R Preedy
Subjects: Nervous system--Diseases--Nutritional aspects, Nervous system--Diseases--Diet therapy
Abstract: Diet and Nutrition in Neurological Disorders offers readers a comprehensive reference on the effect of dietary regimes in a wide variety of neurological diseases. With coverage of different types of diets, including Mediterranean or DASH, this broad coverage allows readers to learn about diets and their affect on specific disorders which may well be relevant to other conditions. This includes diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, ALS, MS and severe neurological conditions such as brain injury, stroke, headache and migraine. This volume provides a platform for research on new dietary regimes and on future investigations of diet and nutrition. Summarizes diet and nutrition research for a variety of neurological conditions Contains chapter abstracts, key facts, dictionary and summary Covers diet in Alzheimer's Parkinson's, ALS, MS, and more Includes conditions like migraine, headache, stroke, and brain injury Discusses the Mediterranean diet in the context of brain health
Published: 2023

22. Sex, Gender, and Epigenetics : From Molecule to Bedside

Author: Marianne Legato J, Dov Feldberg, Marek Glezerman, Marianne Legato J, Dov Feldberg, and Marek Glezerman
Subjects: Epigenetics, Sex (Biology)
Abstract: Sex, Gender, and Epigenetics: From Molecule to Bedside explores our expanding knowledge of the science of epigenetics in which gene expression is modified as a consequence of small chemical additions to various components of the genome. The book provides an overview of the field, describing the epigenetic phenomena that unite biological sex and environmental experience to create the unique phenome of each individual. The book also analyzes the impact of ancestors'environmental experience on subsequent generations through the sex-specific transmission of environmentally induced epigenetic modifications. Here, international leaders in the field discuss both sex-specific normal physiology and the experience of disease, with chapters dedicated to fetal programming, the microbiome, cancer, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, embryogenesis, and oocyte aging, among other topics. Examines the impact of biological sex and gender on gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms, and its relationship to human biology and disease Presents the current state of our understanding of how environmental experience is translated to future generations in a sex specific manner Features chapter contributions from international leaders in the field
Published: 2023

23. Genetics and Neurobiology of Down Syndrome

Author: Bani Bandana Ganguly and Bani Bandana Ganguly
Subjects: Down syndrome, Down syndrome--Genetic aspects
Abstract: Genetics and Neurobiology of Down Syndrome provides a thorough review of the genetic etiology and mechanisms of trisomy 21. The author discusses the history of the syndrome, along with the clinical features and health consequences, including physical features, cognitive, and neurologic symptoms. Genetic counseling on pros and cons of prenatal screening and testing and associated ethical issues are explored. This unique book also covers the societal and demographic aspects as well as the future direction of therapeutic development. Reviews genetic etiology and mechanisms of trisomy 21 Discusses prenatal screening and genetic counseling, including ethical aspects Explores link between Down Syndrome and susceptibility to Alzheimer's and early brain aging Covers cognitive and neurological symptoms and other health consequences Identifies future therapeutic developments
Published: 2022

24. The Neuroscience of Spinal Cord Injury

Author: Rajkumar Rajendram, Victor R Preedy, Colin R Martin, Rajkumar Rajendram, Victor R Preedy, and Colin R Martin
Subjects: Spinal cord--Wounds and injuries--Treatment, Spinal cord--Wounds and injuries--Diagnosis
Abstract: Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury will enhance readers'understanding of the complexities of the diagnosis and management of spinal cord injuries. Featuring chapters on drug delivery, exercise, and rehabilitation, this volume discusses in detail the impact of the clinical features, diagnosis, management, and long-term prognosis of spinal cord injuries on the lives of those affected. The book has applicability for neuroscientists, neurologists, clinicians, and anyone working to better understand spinal cord injuries. Spinal injury affects about 10 million people annually worldwide, impacting on the family unit and causing lifelong disabilities, with varied symptoms including paresthesia, spasticity, loss of motor control, and often severe pain. Cellular, Molecular, Physiological, and Behavioral Aspects of Spinal Cord Injury will enhance readers'understanding of the biological and psychological effects of spinal cord injury. Featuring chapters on gene expression, metabolic effects, and behavior, this volume discusses in detail the impact of spinal cord injury to better understand the underlying pathways and processes. The book has applicability for neuroscientists, neurologists, clinicians, and anyone working to better understand these injuries.Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury: Covers both the diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord injury Contains chapter abstracts, key facts, dictionary, and summary points to aid in understanding Features chapters on epidemiology and pain Includes MRI usage, biomarkers, and stem cell and gene therapy for management of spinal cord injury Discusses pain reduction, drug delivery, and rehabilitation Cellular, Molecular, Physiological, and Behavioral Aspects of Spinal Cord Injury: Summarizes the neuroscience of spinal cord injury, including cellular and molecular biology Contains chapter abstracts, key facts, dictionary, and summary points to aid in understanding Features chapters on signaling and hormonal events Includes plasticity and gene expression Examines health and stress behaviors after spinal cord injury
Published: 2022

25. Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury

Author: Rajkumar Rajendram, Victor R Preedy, Colin R Martin, Rajkumar Rajendram, Victor R Preedy, and Colin R Martin
Abstract: Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury will enhance readers'understanding of the complexities of the diagnosis and management of spinal cord injuries. Featuring chapters on drug delivery, exercise, and rehabilitation, this volume discusses in detail the impact of the clinical features, diagnosis, management, and long-term prognosis of spinal cord injuries on the lives of those affected. The book has applicability for neuroscientists, neurologists, clinicians, and anyone working to better understand spinal cord injuries. Covers both the diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord injury Contains chapter abstracts, key facts, dictionary, and summary points to aid in understanding Features chapters on epidemiology and pain Includes MRI usage, biomarkers, and stem cell and gene therapy for management of spinal cord injury Discusses pain reduction, drug delivery, and rehabilitation
Published: 2022

26. Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine : Sex and Gender-Specific Biology in the Postgenomic Era

Author: Marianne Legato J and Marianne Legato J
Subjects: Sex factors in disease, Medicine--Research--Sex differences, Sex differences, Disease susceptibility, Women--Health and hygiene, Health--Sex differences, Medical care--Sex differences, Men--Health and hygiene
Abstract: Awarded with the 2018 Prose Award in Clinical Medicine, the third edition of Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine explored and described exciting new areas in biomedicine that integrated technology into the treatment of disease and the augmentation of human function. Novel topics such as the sex-specific aspects of space medicine, the development and the use of genderized robots and a discussion of cyborgs were included in the third edition, providing a preview of the expanding world of sex-specific physiology and therapeutics. This Fourth Edition is a continuation of the mission to trace the relevance of biological sex to normal function and to the experience of disease in humans.We are now twenty years into the postgenomic era. The investigation of how the genome produces the phenome has led to fascinating insights as well as yet unanswered questions. Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine, Fourth Edition, has a central theme: discuss advances in understanding the role of epigenetics in regulating gene expression in a dynamic, sex-specific way during human life. It explores the protean role of epigenetics in human physiology, the relevance of environmental experience to human function, the therapeutic promise of cutting-edge methodologies like gene manipulation, the preparation of humans for space travel, the use of artificial intelligence in detection and therapeutic decisions concerning disease states, the possibilities for technological support of not only compromised individuals but of the augmentation of human function, and an analysis of the benefits, limitations and issues that surround our current expectations of personalized medicine. Covers the most important developments in biomedical research in the past decade, with a thoughtful analysis of how they impact patient care Discusses the feasibility and usefulness of personalized medicine, the limits and promise of genetic editing, the basis for variation in sexual identity and how artificial intelligence and technology will affect basic human function as well as correcting disability Promotes and facilitates discussions about the ethics and governance issues that surround much of what science is now able to do at the most basic levels of human's physiology
Published: 2022

27. Cardiovascular Pathology

Author: L. Maximilian Buja, Jagdish Butany, L. Maximilian Buja, and Jagdish Butany
Subjects: Cardiovascular system--Diseases
Abstract: Cardiovascular Pathology, Fifth Edition provides a comprehensive treatise on the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, combining presentations of detailed pathology of cardiovascular diseases coupled with contemporary insights into etiology and pathogenesis. Twenty-two chapters cover general topics, including cardiovascular genetics, heart failure, and transplantation, and specific congenital and acquired cardiovascular diseases, therapeutic interventions, and forensic aspects. New chapters address the scope of practice and training in cardiovascular pathology, with a focus on major diagnostic approaches used in contemporary practice and research in cardiovascular pathology, and a perspective on the field of cardiovascular regenerative medicine linked to the basic pathobiology of cell-based therapy. The book provides a unique combination of details of pathological anatomy essential for pathologists involved in the evaluation of cardiovascular specimens and cardiovascular diseases, and is an excellent reference for anyone interested in the natural history and therapeutic advances in the cardiovascular field. Includes expanded coverage of diagnostic guidelines, standards and normal values Provides a summary of cardiac catheterization laboratory and diagnostic imaging tests to guide pathologists in clinicopathological correlation Presents a contemporary, all-inclusive guide to cardiovascular pathology for clinicians and researchers, as well as clinical residents and fellows in pathology, cardiology, cardiac surgery, and internal medicine Provides comprehensive coverage, including, when appropriate, Central Concept Figure, Definition, Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Pathogenesis, Molecular Genetics, Light and Electron Microscopy, Immunohistochemistry, Differential Diagnosis, Treatment and Potential Complications, and a Bulleted Summary
Published: 2022

28. Handbook of the Biology of Aging

Author: Nicolas Musi, Peter Hornsby, Nicolas Musi, and Peter Hornsby
Subjects: Aging--Physiological aspects--Handbooks, manuals, etc, Aging--Physiological aspects
Abstract: Handbook of the Biology of Aging, Ninth Edition, provides a comprehensive synthesis and review of the latest and most important advances and themes in modern biogerontology. The book focuses on the trend of ‘big data'approaches in the biological sciences, presenting new strategies to analyze, interpret and understand the enormous amounts of information being generated through DNA sequencing, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomics methodologies applied to aging related problems. Sections cover longevity pathways and interventions that modulate aging, innovative tools that facilitate systems-level approaches to aging research, the mTOR pathway and its importance in age-related phenotypes, and much more. Assists researchers in keeping abreast of research and clinical findings outside their subdiscipline Helps medical, behavioral and social gerontologists understand what basic scientists and clinicians are discovering Includes new chapters on genetics, evolutionary biology, bone aging, and epigenetic control Examines the diverse research being conducted in the study of the biology of aging
Published: 2021

29. Clinical Bioenergetics : From Pathophysiology to Clinical Translation

Author: Sergej M. Ostojic and Sergej M. Ostojic
Subjects: Bioenergetics
Abstract: Clinical Bioenergetics: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Translation provides recent developments surrounding the etiology and pathophysiology of inherited and acquired energy-delated disorders. Across 40 chapters, world leaders in bioenergetics and mitochondrial medicine discuss novel methodologies designed to identify deficiencies in cellular bioenergetics, as well as the safety and efficacy of emerging management strategies to address poor cellular bioenergetics. Topics discussed include the omics landscape of impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics, hormones, tissue bioenergetics and metabolism in humans. Disease-specific case studies, modes of analysis in clinical bioenergetics, and therapeutic opportunities for impaired bioenergetics, addressing both known treatment pathways and future directions for research, are discussed in-depth. Diseases and Disorders examined include brain injury, chronic fatigue syndrome, psychiatric disorders, pulmonary fibrosis, neurodegenerative disorders, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and insulin resistance, among others. Provides a thorough discussion of foundational aspects of bioenergetics and disease, modes of analysis, and treatments for impaired bioenergetics Discusses the role of bioenergetics and treatment pathways in brain injury, chronic fatigue syndrome, psychiatric disorders, pulmonary fibrosis, neurodegenerative disorders, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and insulin resistance, among other diseases and disorders Features chapter contributions from international leaders in translational bioenergetics research and clinical practice
Published: 2021

30. Molecular Players in IPSC Technology

Author: Alexander Birbrair and Alexander Birbrair
Subjects: Stem cells--Molecular aspects
Abstract: The series Advances in Stem Cell Biology is a timely and expansive collection of comprehensive information and new discoveries in the field of stem cell biology.Molecular Players in iPSC Technology, Volume 12 addresses the molecular players underlying induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation, maintenance, expansion, and differentiation. The discovery of iPSCs revolutionized biomedical research. iPSC technology involves multiple molecular mechanisms. This volume covers exosomal microRNAs, auxiliary pluripotency-associated genes, inducible caspase-9 suicide gene, cell cycle proteins, ion channels, Notch signaling, kinase signaling, SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 pathway, NANOG, Krüppel-like factors, H1FOO, and much more in iPSCs. The volume is written for researchers and scientists in stem cell therapy, cellular and molecular biology, and regenerative medicine and is contributed by world-renowned authors in the field. Provides overview of the fast-moving field of iPSC technology, regenerative medicine, and therapeutics Covers the different key molecular players involved in iPSC formation, maintenance, expansion, and differentiation Is contributed by world-renowned experts in the field
Published: 2021

31. Epigenetics of Exercise and Sports : Concepts, Methods, and Current Research

Author: Stuart M Raleigh and Stuart M Raleigh
Subjects: Sports--Physiological aspects, Exercise--Physiological aspects, Epigenetics, Physical fitness--Genetic aspects
Abstract: Epigenetics of Exercise and Sports: Concepts, Methods, and Current Research explains fundamental epigenetic processes and how these are altered by exercise and sports. After a brief review of fundamental epigenetic biology, this all-new volume in the Translational Epigenetics series offers step-by-step instruction in how epigenetic factors are investigated for their influence over exercise related traits of human physiology, disease, and injury. The current state of knowledge in the field and recent findings are discussed in-depth, illuminating how exercise and sports performance may epigenetically modify our physiology, disease and injury risks, and how this knowledge can be applied in personalized exercise approaches, diagnostics, and treatment. This book also explores the shortcomings of explaining exercise related phenomena using only genomics and traditional biochemical techniques, setting the scene for a paradigm shift in exercise biology. In addition, over a dozen international specialists contribute chapters on exercise and sports epigenetics, and their influence over metabolism, obesity, aging, immunity, and neurological disease, as well as the epigenetic impacts of concussions and sports doping. A concluding chapter discusses ongoing themes in the field and outlooks for future research. Thoroughly examines fundamental concepts in exercise and sports epigenetics, methods for new research, and known impacts for human physiology, disease, and clinical outcomes Discusses exercise and sports epigenetics in relation to metabolism, obesity, aging, immunity, and neurological disease, concussion, and sports doping, among other topics Includes preliminary information on exercise epigenetics and covid-19 infection Features chapter contributions from international experts in the field
Published: 2021

32. Mitochondrial Neuropathies

Author: Nigel Calcutt, Paul Fernyhough, Nigel Calcutt, and Paul Fernyhough
Subjects: Mitochondrial pathology, Nervous system--Degeneration
Abstract: Mitochondrial Neuropathies, Volume 146, brings together experts in a range of diseases that damage the nervous system to present the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in their particular field, with this new release focusing on Mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease, HIV and the mitochondrial: immune interface in the CNS, The Impact of mitochondrial damage in HIV-induced peripheral neuropathy, Mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, Disorders of mitochondrial biogenesis in peripheral neuropathy, Mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy, Manipulating mitochondria to treat peripheral neuropathy, and DCA therapy - the yin and yang of mitochondrial activation. Contains contributions from a diverse group of experts Presents a timely resource that brings together different fields to highlight a common pathogenic mechanism Focuses on the role of mitochondria in diverse neuropathies
Published: 2019

33. Sports, Exercise, and Nutritional Genomics : Current Status and Future Directions

Author: Debmalya Barh, Ildus I. Ahmetov, Debmalya Barh, and Ildus I. Ahmetov
Subjects: Sports medicine, Medical genetics, Exercise, Sports--Physiological aspects, Physical fitness--Genetic aspects, Nutrition--Genetic aspects, Genomics
Abstract: Sports, Exercise, and Nutritional Genomics: Current Status and Future Directions is the first reference volume to offer a holistic examination of omics-driven advances across different aspects of exercise and sports physiology, biochemistry, sports medicine, psychology, anthropology, and sports nutrition; and highlighting the opportunities towards advance personalized training and athlete health management. More than 70 international experts from 14 countries have discussed key exercise and sport-related themes through the prism of genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, telomere biology, talent in sport, individual differences in response to regular physical activity, that in the future may empower coaches, sports physicians, fitness experts, genetic counselors, and translational scientists to employ various omics data and approaches in improving health and physical performance of people participating in sports and exercise activities. Contributors address current knowledge of genetic influence on athletic performance, individual responses to exercise training, as well as the genetics of musculoskeletal phenotypes, exercise-related injuries, flexibility, and neurodegenerative disorders in athletes. Finally, performance-related and psychological traits associated with epigenetic, transcriptomic and metagenomic biomarkers are also considered, along with nutritional and pharmacogenomic aids in sports medicine and personalized nutrition. Effectively synthesizes key themes across molecular aspects of exercise and sports sciences Provides a knowledge base for future translation of omics solutions to talent identification, individualized training, and nutrition Features contributions from international experts (researchers and clinicians) in the subject area
Published: 2019

34. Engineering in Medicine : Advances and Challenges

Author: Paul A. Iaizzo and Paul A. Iaizzo
Subjects: Biomedical engineering, Diagnostic imaging
Abstract: Engineering in Medicine: Advances and Challenges documents the historical development, cutting-edge research and future perspectives on applying engineering technology to medical and healthcare challenges. The book has 22 chapters under 5 sections: cardiovascular engineering, neuroengineering, cellular and molecular bioengineering, medical and biological imaging, and medical devices.The challenges and future perspectives of engineering in medicine are discussed, with novel methodologies that have been implemented in innovative medical device development being described.This is an ideal general resource for biomedical engineering researchers at both universities and in industry as well as for undergraduate and graduate students. Presents a broad perspective on the state-of-the-art research in applying engineering technology to medical and healthcare challenges that cover cardiovascular engineering, neuroengineering, cellular and molecular bioengineering, medical and biological imaging, and medical devices Presents the challenges and future perspectives of engineering in medicine Written by members of the University of Minnesota's prestigious Institute of Engineering in Medicine (IEM), in collaboration with other experts around the world
Published: 2019

35. Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology

Author: Babbette LaMarca, Barbara T. Alexander, Babbette LaMarca, and Barbara T. Alexander
Subjects: Sex differences, Sex factors in disease, Cardiovascular system--Physiology, Cardiovascular system--Pathophysiology
Abstract: Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology is a comprehensive look into the often overlooked and underappreciated fundamental sex differences between men and women and how those differences affect the cardiovascular system. It covers cardiovascular function, anatomy, cell signaling and the development of pathology. With contributions from world-renowned research investigators, this up-to-date reference compiles critical knowledge on cardiovascular sex differences, providing researchers and clinicians with a better understanding of the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in both men and women. Identifies the fundamental sex differences in the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system Describes cell signaling pathways involved in sex-associated cardiovascular function and diseases Puts the sex differences in cardiovascular diseases in the forefront to improve cardiovascular prognoses
Published: 2019

36. Breath Analysis

Author: Giorgio Pennazza, Marco Santonico, Giorgio Pennazza, and Marco Santonico
Subjects: Breath tests, Respiration--Analysis, Respiratory organs--Diseases--Diagnosis
Abstract: Breath Analysis presents state-of-the-art research in this specialized field, also offering guidance on how best to design the technology and conduct analysis. The book primarily focuses on the diagnosis of lung cancer, asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases. The reliability, consistency and utility of the results from breath analysis depends on exhaled breath sampling procedures and tools, gas sensor array technology (sensing material and transducer), and finally, medical pertinence and interpretation. The book gives step-by-step procedures and discusses best practice solutions for problems in sample collection, sensor technology, clinical assessment, medical interpretation and data analysis. The book's primary audience would include biomedical engineers and medical doctors, but it is also useful for hospital technicians, hospital and biomedical SME leading figures, and those in PhD level Engineering and Medicine. Presents an overview of existing breath analysis technology, along with their pros and cons Provides a tool for mapping, bridging and translating different approaches and available devices Covers best practices and procedures for exhaled breath collection
Published: 2019

37. Nutrition and Skeletal Muscle

Author: Stéphane Walrand and Stéphane Walrand
Subjects: Nutrition, Nutrition--Requirements, Muscles--Physiology, Musculoskeletal system
Abstract: Nutrition and Skeletal Muscle provides coverage of the evidence of dietary components that have proven beneficial for bettering adverse changes in skeletal muscle from disuse and aging. Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in the body, providing elements of contraction and locomotion and acting as an important contributor to whole body protein and amino metabolism, glucose disposal and lipid metabolism. However, muscle loss, atrophy or weakness can occur when there are metabolic imbalances, disuse or aging. This book addresses the topic by providing insight and research from international leaders, making it the go-to reference for those in skeletal muscle physiology. Provides an understanding of the crucial role of skeletal muscle in global metabolic homeostasis regulation Delivers the information needed to understand the utilization of crucial supplements for the preservation of skeletal muscle Presents insights on research from international leaders in the field
Published: 2019

38. Nonvitamin and Nonmineral Nutritional Supplements

Author: Seyed Mohammad Nabavi, Ana Sanches Silva, Seyed Mohammad Nabavi, and Ana Sanches Silva
Subjects: Dietary supplements, Nutrition
Abstract: Nonvitamin and Nonmineral Nutritional Supplements compiles comprehensive information and recent findings on supplements found in today's market. The book focuses on non-essential nutrients, animal extracts, yeast and fungi extracts, and plant and algae extracts used as supplements. Readers will find valuable insights on the impact of dietary supplementation on human health, along with an understanding of the positive and negative aspects of each supplement. Provides reliable information on available supplements to inform nutritional practices Presents each supplement's sources, availability, health benefits, drawbacks, and possible interactions with other supplements, food or drugs Serves as a guide to non-essential nutrients, plant and algae extracts, animal extracts, including bee products and shark cartilage, and supplements from yeast and fungi
Published: 2018

39. Mitochondria and Longevity

Author: Carlos Lopez-Otin, Lorenzo Galluzzi, Carlos Lopez-Otin, and Lorenzo Galluzzi
Subjects: Aging--Molecular aspects, Mitochondria
Abstract: Mitochondria and Longevity, Volume 340, the latest release in the International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology series reviews and details current advances in cell and molecular biology. The IRCMB series has a worldwide readership, maintaining a high standard by publishing invited articles on important and timely topics with this release focusing on topics such as Mitochondria metabolism and aging, Mitohormesis, Mitochondrial dynamics in the aging stem cell compartment, Mitochondrial proteostasis and aging, Mitochondrial DNA mutations and aging, Mitochondrial sirtuins, NAD+, NADH and aging, Mitophagy and aging, Mitochondria, calcium transport and aging. Publishes only invited review articles on selected topics in cell and molecular biology Authored by established and active cell and molecular biologists Drawn from international sources Offers a wide range of perspectives on specific subjects
Published: 2018

40. Management of High Altitude Pathophysiology

Author: Kshipra Misra, Priyanka Sharma, Anuja Bhardwaj, Kshipra Misra, Priyanka Sharma, and Anuja Bhardwaj
Subjects: Altitude, Influence of, Anoxemia, Oxygen in the body
Abstract: Management of High Altitude Pathophysiology presents a comprehensive overview on the various therapeutic practices and ongoing research relating to the development of more potent and novel formulations for managing high altitude pathophysiology. It provides a detailed application of both herbal and non-herbal therapeutic agents, including their nanoformulations. This important reference provides benefits to the medical and herbal scientific communities, doctors treating patients with high altitude complications, individuals travelling to high altitudes for recreation or work, and scientists working on future drug development. Provides the recent advances and potential therapeutic agents for ameliorating the high-altitude complications Includes herbal remedies for the prophylaxis and treatment of the high-altitude maladies Elucidates the significance of Yogic practices and ergonomics in managing stress at high altitude
Published: 2018

41. Human Microbiota in Health and Disease : From Pathogenesis to Therapy

Author: Bryan Tungland and Bryan Tungland
Subjects: Microbiology, Medical microbiology
Abstract: Human Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease: From Pathogenesis to Therapy is a comprehensive discussion of all the aspects associated with gut microbiota early colonization, its development and maintenance, and its symbiotic relationship with the host to promote health. Chapters illustrate the complex mechanisms and metabolic signalling pathways related to how the gut microbiota maintain proper regulation of glucose, lipid and energy homeostasis and immune response, while mediating inflammatory processes involved in the etiology of many chronic disease conditions. Details are provided on the primary etiological factors of chronic disease, the effects of gut dysbiosis and its associated disease conditions, while providing an overview of therapeutic strategies involving dietary fiber and prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation therapy and probiotics. Throughout the chapters, a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed animal and human studies is provided as evidence related to the history of human exposure, safety, tolerance, toxicity, nomenclature, and clinical efficacy of utilizing prebiotic fructans, s, as well as probiotic intervention, and dietary modification in the prevention and intervention of chronic disease conditions. With common use today of pharmaceutical medicine in treating symptoms, and frequent overuse of antibiotics in chronic disease within mainstream medical practice, understanding the etiological mechanisms of dysbiosis-induced chronic disease, and natural approaches that offer prevention and potential cures for these diseases is of vital importance to overall human health. Details the complex relationship between human microbiota in the gut, oral cavity, urogenital tract and skin as well as their colonization, development and impact of factors that influence the relationship Illustrates the mechanisms associated with dysbiosis-associated inflammation and its role in the onset and progression in chronic disease Provides the primary mechanisms and comprehensive scientific evidence for the use of dietary modification, and pro- and pre-biotics in preventing and intervening in chronic disease
Published: 2018

42. Role of the Mediterranean Diet in the Brain and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Author: Tahira Farooqui, Akhlaq A. Farooqui, Tahira Farooqui, and Akhlaq A. Farooqui
Subjects: Nervous system--Degeneration--Diet therapy, Brain--Diseases--Diet therapy, Cooking, Mediterranean--Health aspects, Diet--Mediterranean Region
Abstract: Role of the Mediterranean Diet in the Brain and Neurodegenerative Disease provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of all components of the Mediterranean diet on the brain, along with its beneficial effects in neurodegenerative diseases. It covers topics on neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease, (PD) Huntington disease (HD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also providing information on how cardiovascular disease, Type 2 Diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome become risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases. This book focuses on how the Mediterranean diet suppresses oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases as well as signal transduction. The Mediterranean diet is characterized by the abundant consumption of olive oil, high consumption of plant foods (fruits, vegetables, pulses, cereals, nuts and seeds); frequent and moderate intake of wine (mainly with meals); moderate consumption of fish, seafood, yogurt, cheese, poultry and eggs; and low consumption of red meat and processed meat products. High consumption of dietary fiber, low glycemic index and glycemic load, anti-inflammatory effects, and antioxidant compounds may act together to produce favorable effects on health status. Collective evidence suggests that Mediterranean diet not only increases longevity by lowering cardiovascular disease, inhibiting cancer growth, but also by protecting the body from age-dependent cognitive decline. Comprehensively provides an overview of the effects of the Mediterranean diet on the brain and its beneficial effects in neurodegenerative diseases Discusses the relationship among Type 2 Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease, and the effect of the Mediterranean diet on normal aging, longevity, and other neurodegenerative diseases Focuses on how the Mediterranean diet suppresses oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disease
Published: 2018

43. Autophagy and Cardiometabolic Diseases : From Molecular Mechanisms to Translational Medicine

Author: Jun Ren, James R. Sowers, Yingmei Zhang, Jun Ren, James R. Sowers, and Yingmei Zhang
Subjects: Cardiovascular system--Diseases--Molecular aspects, Cardiovascular system--Diseases, Autophagic vacuoles
Abstract: Autophagy and Cardiometabolic Diseases: From Moleculer Mechanisms to Translational Medicine covers the science of autophagy in relation to cardiometabolic diseases and the future therapeutic potentials of autophagy regulation in these processes. Processes are not described in isolation, but in concert with other cellular and/or metabolic processes, such as lipogenesis, glucose, energy metabolism and apoptosis. This approach recognizes the multifactorial nature of cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. The book provides explanations, while also distinguishing the delicate role for autophagy in pathogenesis and exploring complications for cardiometabolic diseases. By targeting autophagy, it offers new avenues for drug discovery and treatment for cardiometabolic anomalies. It is a perfect resource for cardiology researchers, scientists and medical practitioners. Explains the processes inherent in the protein quality control for pathogenesis and complications of cardiometabolic diseases Provides knowledge from internationally recognized contributors in the field Incorporates a translational approach, covering the basic cellular biology of autophagy and presenting the role of autophagy regulation for both pathogenesis and complication in cardiometabolic diseases Contains access to a companion website with additional illustrations
Published: 2018

44. Sirtuins in Health and Disease

Author: Weiping Zheng and Weiping Zheng
Subjects: Sirtuins
Abstract: Sirtuins in Health and Disease, Volume 154 presents the reactions catalyzed by sirtuins in terms of their unique coenzyme NAD+-dependent catalytic mechanisms, the ways to elucidate these mechanisms, and the design of the inhibitory compounds against the sirtuin-catalyzed reactions as potential therapeutic agents for human diseases. Sections cover the concepts and chemical tools in sirtuin research, SIRT4 and SIRT7, the regulatory effects of NAD metabolic pathways on sirtuin activity, sirtuins as modifiers of Huntington's Disease (HD) pathology, parasite sirtuins as targets for novel chemotherapeutic agents, targeting sirtuins – substrate specificity and inhibitor design, and chemical probes in sirtuin research. This book focuses on the outstanding issues in the sirtuin field and implications for future sirtuin research. Presents an excellent subject, excellent structural organization, and authoritative contributions from world-renowned scholars in the sirtuin field Provides the latest updates on sirtuins in health and disease
Published: 2018

45. The Molecular and Cellular Basis of Neurodegenerative Diseases : Underlying Mechanisms

Author: Michael S. Wolfe and Michael S. Wolfe
Subjects: Nervous system--Degeneration--Molecular aspects
Abstract: The Molecular and Cellular Basis of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Underlying Mechanisms presents the pathology, genetics, biochemistry and cell biology of the major human neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, frontotemporal dementia, ALS, Huntington's, and prion diseases. Edited and authored by internationally recognized leaders in the field, the book's chapters explore their pathogenic commonalities and differences, also including discussions of animal models and prospects for therapeutics. Diseases are presented first, with common mechanisms later. Individual chapters discuss each major neurodegenerative disease, integrating this information to offer multiple molecular and cellular mechanisms that diseases may have in common. This book provides readers with a timely update on this rapidly advancing area of investigation, presenting an invaluable resource for researchers in the field. Covers the spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases and their complex genetic, pathological, biochemical and cellular features Focuses on leading hypotheses regarding the biochemical and cellular dysfunctions that cause neurodegeneration Details features, advantages and limitations of animal models, as well as prospects for therapeutic development Authored by internationally recognized leaders in the field Includes illustrations that help clarify and consolidate complex concepts
Published: 2018

46. The Cardiovascular System : Morphology, Control and Function

Author: A. Kurt Gamperl, Todd E. Gillis, Anthony Farrell, Colin Brauner, A. Kurt Gamperl, Todd E. Gillis, Anthony Farrell, and Colin Brauner
Subjects: Fishes--Physiology, Fishes--Cardiovascular system, Fishes
Abstract: The Cardiovascular System: Design, Control and Function, Volume 36A, a two- volume set, not only provides comprehensive coverage of the current knowledge in this very active and growing field of research, but also highlights the diversity in cardiovascular morphology and function and the anatomical and physiological plasticity shown by fish taxa that are faced with various abiotic and biotic challenges. Updated topics in this important work include chapters on Heart Morphology and Anatomy, Cardiomyocyte Morphology and Physiology, Electrical Excitability of the Fish Heart, Cardiac Energy Metabolism, Heart Physiology and Function, Hormonal and Intrinsic Biochemical Control of Cardiac Function, and Vascular Anatomy and Morphology. In addition, chapters integrate molecular and cellular data with the growing body of knowledge on heart and in vivo cardiovascular function, and as a result, provide insights into some of the most important questions that still need to be answered. Presents a comprehensive overview of cardiovascular structure and function in fish Covers topics in a way that is ideal for researchers in fish physiology and for audiences within the fields of comparative morphology, histology, aquaculture and ecophysiology Provide insights into some of the most important questions that still need to be answered
Published: 2017

47. Molecular Biology of Aging

Author: P. Hemachandra Reddy and P. Hemachandra Reddy
Subjects: Aging, Aging--Molecular aspects
Abstract: Molecular Biology of Aging, the latest volume in the Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science series, focuses on placental development and disease. Contains contributions from leading authorities on the topic Publishes cutting-edge reviews in molecular biology
Published: 2017

48. Neurochemical Aspects of Alzheimer's Disease : Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Biomarkers, and Potential Treatment Strategies

Author: Akhlaq A. Farooqui and Akhlaq A. Farooqui
Subjects: Alzheimer's disease--Pathophysiology, Neurochemistry
Abstract: Neurochemical Aspects of Alzheimer's Disease provides a comprehensive overview of molecular aspects of risk factors, pathogenesis, biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies. The book focuses on molecular mechanisms and signal transduction processes associated with the pathogenesis, biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies of AD. The comprehensive and cutting edge information in this monograph may not only help in early detection of AD, but also promote discovery of new drugs to treat this chronic disease. Chapters discuss involvement of neural membrane phospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol-derived lipid mediators, abnormal APP processing, and nucleic acid damage, risk factors, biomarker, and therapeutic strategies of Alzheimer's disease. This book is written for neurologists, neuroscientists, neurochemists, neuropharmacologists, and clinicianswho are interested in molecular mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of age-related neurological disorders. Provides a comprehensive overview of molecular aspects of risk factors, pathogenesis, biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease Written for researchers, clinicians, and advanced graduate students in neurology, neuroscience, neurochemistry, and neuropharmacology Acts as the first book to provide a comprehensive description of the signal transduction processes associated with pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
Published: 2017

49. The Neuroscience of Cocaine : Mechanisms and Treatment

Author: Victor R Preedy and Victor R Preedy
Subjects: Cocaine--Psychological aspects, Cocaine--Physiological effect, Cocaine abuse, Neurosciences
Abstract: The Neuroscience of Cocaine: Mechanisms and Treatment explores the complex effects of this drug, addressing the neurobiology behind cocaine use and the psychosocial and behavioral factors that impact cocaine use and abuse. This book provides researchers with an up-to-date understanding of the mechanisms behind cocaine use, and aids them in deriving new pharmacological compounds and therapeutic regimens to treat dependency and withdrawal symptoms. Cocaine is one of the most highly abused illicit drugs worldwide and is frequently associated with other forms of drug addiction and misuse, but researchers are still struggling to understand cocaine's neuropharmacological profile and the mechanisms of its effects and manifestations at the cognitive level. Cessation of cocaine use can lead to numerous adverse withdrawal conditions, from the cellular and molecular level to the behavioral level of the individual user. Written by worldwide experts in cocaine addiction, this book assists neuroscientists and other addiction researchers in unraveling the many complex facets of cocaine use and abuse. Contains in each chapter an abstract, key facts, mini dictionary of terms, and summary points to aid in understanding Illustrated in full color Provides unique full coverage of all aspects of cocaine and its related pathology Provides researchers with an up-to-date understanding of the mechanisms behind cocaine use, and aids them in deriving new pharmacological compounds and therapeutic regimens to treat dependency and withdrawal symptoms
Published: 2017

50. The Molecular Nutrition of Amino Acids and Proteins : A Volume in the Molecular Nutrition Series

Author: Dominique Dardevet and Dominique Dardevet
Subjects: Amino acids, Proteins in human nutrition, Amino acids in human nutrition
Abstract: The Molecular Nutrition of Amino Acids and Proteins provides an in-depth look at the involvement and role of amino acids and proteins in molecular nutrition. Editor Dominique Dardevet has assembled a collection of chapters written by leading researchers and top professors that provide the reader with a comprehensive understanding of amino acids and proteins. The book provides an introduction to the fundamentals of amino acids and proteins as well as the composition of food. It then delves into the molecular biology of the cell and genetic machinery and its function. The Molecular Nutrition of Amino Acids and Proteins also features reference guides for terms and bullet-point summaries, making it readily accessible to novices while still providing the most up-to-date and detailed information that experienced researchers need. Provides a gentle introduction to the subject by first addressing nutritional information and then building in molecular aspects, clearly establishing fundamental information for the reader Facilitates reader comprehension by including succinct summary points in each chapter Contains a glossary of definitions that allows readers to easily reference terms Provides both a deep and broad understanding of the subject by containing overviews as well as detail-focused chapters
Published: 2016

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