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Neutrophils of ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) were previously shown to have unusually high respiratory burst activity (RBA). To understand this unique character of ayu neutrophils, the RBAs of resting and inflammatory neutrophils of ayu and carp (Cyprinus carpio) were compared. Inflammation was induced in the peritoneal cavity by injecting killed-bacteria. The RBA of peritoneal-exudate (inflammatory) neutrophils was measured after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Resting neutrophils were obtained from kidney and blood of non-injected fish. In carp, the RBA of inflammatory neutrophils was much higher than that of resting neutrophils. On the other hand, in ayu no significant difference was observed. The RBA of neutrophils was already high in the kidney stock. The process of inflammation did not further enhance RBA. In addition to PMA, other stimulants (zymosan, opsonized-zymosan, and zymosan-treated serum) were used to measure RBA. Even with these stimulants, the RBA of inflammatory neutrophils was always higher than that of kidney neutrophils in carp. On the other hand in ayu, the RBA of kidney neutrophils was already high in the kidney stock, and no significant difference was observed between peritoneal and kidney neutrophils in ayu. These results indicate ayu neutrophils have spontaneously activated characteristics with the respect to the ROS generation in the kidney hematopoietic-stock.