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Background: Ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by pneumoperitoneum is a well-studied entity, which increases oxidative stress during laparoscopic operations. The reported anti-inflammatory action of aprotinin was measured in a pneumoperitoneum model in rats for the first time in this study., Materials and Methods: A total of 60 male Albino Wistar rats were used in our protocol. Prolonged pneumoperitoneum (4 h) was applied, causing splanchnic ischemia and a period of reperfusion with a duration of 60 or 180 min followed. Several cytokines and markers of oxidative stress were measured in liver, small intestine, and lungs to compare the aprotinin group with the control group. Tissue inflammation was also evaluated and compared between groups using a five-scaled histopathologic score., Results: In aprotinin group values of biochemical markers (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, endothelin 1, C reactive protein, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, and carbonyl proteins) were lower in all tissues studied. Statistical significance was greater in liver and lungs (P < 0.05). Histopathologic examination revealed significant difference between control and aprotinin groups in all tissues examined. Aprotinin groups showed mild to moderate lesions, while in control groups severe to very severe inflammation was present. Aprotinin subgroup with prolonged reperfusion period (180 min) showed milder lesions in all tissues than the rest of the groups., Conclusions: Aprotinin reduced inflammatory response and oxidative stress induced by pneumoperitoneum in liver, small intestine, and lungs., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: The current study evaluated the effect of time in the severity of the oxidative stress due to pneumoperitoneum., Methods: Forty Wistar rats were allocated randomly into 2 groups. The 1 h pneumoperitoneum (Pp) group, which was subjected to 60 min of pneumoperitoneum, and the 3 h Pp, to pneumoperitoneum for 180 min. The animals were divided in half. One half of the rats were left resting for 30 min after abdominal desufflation and the other for 8 h. After these two time periods, blood, liver, kidney, lung and small intestine were obtained for biochemical analysis and histopathological examination., Results: In the 3 h Pp, the associated oxidative stress was increased. There was an overt increase in blood and tissue MDA and blood PAB values. The MPO values were significantly higher in the 3 h Pp group in serum, kidneys, and intestine during the early phase of reperfusion and in liver after 8 h of reperfusion. These changes occurred in the presence of light microscopic evidence of greater tissue damage for the 3 h Pp, which were consistent with the fluctuation of the MPO values., Conclusion: In our experimental model, we proved biochemically and histologically that time of maintenance of pneumoperitoneum is an additive factor that could cause increased oxidative stress in laparoscopic procedures., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: The aim of this experimental study was to investigate whether insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) can protect the colonic healing from the adverse effects of intraperitoneal administration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)., Materials and Methods: Eighty male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups of 20 rats each. Immediately after anastomoses were performed, rats in the control group were injected with 1 mL/100 gr of intraperitoneal saline solution, which was repeated daily until killed. Rats in the 5-FU and IGF-I +5-FU groups received 5-FU in a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally, from the day of operation until killed. Rats in the IGF-I and IGF-I +5-FU groups received IGF-I in a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally, immediately after the colonic anastomosis was performed and on 2nd, 4th, and 6th postoperative day. Rats were sacrificed on the 7th postoperative day., Results: The dehiscence rate in the 5-FU group was 30% and it was significantly higher compared with the control and the IGF-I group (P = 0.020 for both comparisons). However, in the IGF-I +5-FU group, the dehiscence rate decreased to 10%. The administration of IGF-I resulted in a significant rise of bursting pressure in the IGF-I +5-FU group compared with the 5-FU group (P < 0.001). There was no statistical difference in bursting pressure between the IGF-I +5-FU and control groups (P = 1.000). The hydroxyproline levels were higher in the IGF-I and the IGF-I +5-FU groups as a result of the stimulating act of IGF-I., Conclusion: IGF-I, when given intraperitoneally, seems to mediate some of the adverse effects of 5-FU on the colonic healing in rats.