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We present the case of a patient with startle epilepsy provoked by auditory, somatosensory and visual stimuli during video-electrocorticography (ECoG) recording. Ictal ECoG of all types of seizures triggered by the three kinds of stimuli showed that seizure onset originated from the left supplementary sensorimotor area (SSMA). The patient has been seizure-free after the cortex around the left SSMA only had been resected. Therefore, we speculate that left SSMA is the epileptogenic zone of startle epilepsy in this patient and perhaps the primary cortex to modulate the startle reflex in healthy persons., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of GABA-producing cell transplants on audiogenic seizures (AGS). The M213-2O cell line was derived from fetal rat striatum and has GABAergic properties. This cell line was further modified to express human GAD(67) and produce elevated levels of GABA. The present study compares the effects of parent M213-2O cell transplants with those of GAD(67)-modified M213-2O cells in AGS-prone Long-Evans rats. Two weeks following implantation of engineered cells, latency to AGS-typical wild running was increased compared to nonimplanted subjects. Survival of the transplanted cells was confirmed by immunochemical labeling of GAD(67) and Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen. These findings support the use of GABA-producing cell lines to modify seizure activity.

Audiogenic seizure (AGS) activity can be induced in the seizure-resistant Long-Evans rat by postnatal priming. This study examined the effects of unilateral lesions of the inferior colliculus (IC) and implantation of tectal grafts on AGS components. Animals were primed with a 10-kHz tone burst at 120 dB on postnatal day 14 and tested for AGS susceptibility on day 28, and then two groups were unilaterally lesioned including animals receiving embryonic day 16-17 grafts of caudal tectum. Subsequently, animals were repeatedly tested for wild running and clonic-tonic convulsion components of AGS. The results demonstrate that unilaterally grafted animals with partial IC lesions showed significant reduction in the incidence of clonus expression with greater terminal uniphasic wild running behavior. These effects were stronger than in animals with comparable unilateral lesions alone. Many neurons in graft cases were in direct contact with host tissues to provide a substrate for tissue interactions previously demonstrated to promote neuron survival and remediate IC functions., (Copyright 2000 Academic Press.)