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Aqueous electrochemical energy storage devices (AEESDs) are considered one of the most promising candidates for large-scale energy storage infrastructure due to their high affordability and safety. Developing electrodes with the merits of high energy density and long lifespan remains a challenging issue toward the practical application of AEESDs. Research attempts at electrode materials, nanostructure configuration, and electronic engineering show the limitations due to the inherent contradictions associated with thicker electrodes and ion-accessible kinetics. Herein, we propose an intercalation chemistry engineering strategy to enhance the electrolyte ion (de)intercalation behaviors during the electrochemical charge-discharge. To validate this strategy, the prototypical model of a high-mass-loading MnO 2 -based electrode is used with controlled intercalation of Na + and H 2 O. Theoretical and experimental results reveal that an optimal content of Na + and H 2 O on the MnO 2 -based electrode exhibits superior electrochemical performance. Typically, the resultant electrode exhibits an impressive areal capacitance of 1551 mF/cm 2 with a mass loading of 9.7 mg/cm 2 (at 1 mA/cm 2 ). Furthermore, the assembled full-cell with obtained MnO 2 -based electrode delivers a high energy density of 0.12 mWh/cm 2 (at 20.02 mW/cm 2 ) and ultra-high cycling stability with a capacitance retention percentage of 89.63 % (345 mF/cm 2 ) even after 100,000 cycles (tested over 72 days)., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) offer promising potential for large-scale energy storage systems due to their high affordability and safety. However, their practical applications are hindered by the undesired rate capability and cycling stability of the used cathode, attributed to sluggish ions kinetics during charge-discharge process. Herein, we propose an electric field balancing strategy to regulate the electrolyte ions behavior by constructing a ferroelectric interface on the cathode surface using a prototypical of MnO 2 -based cathode. An appropriate thickness coating of ferroelectric materials coating (i.e., β-PVDF) on the MnO 2 surface is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated to enhance the ion kinetics due to the optimized electrical distribution during electrochemical operations. Further comprehensive electrochemical mechanism studies reveal that the ferroelectric interface on the MnO 2 @β-PVDF not only promotes the diffusion of Zn 2+ but also reduces the electrochemical overpotential (17.6 mV), resulting in improved electrochemical reversibility and capacity performance. The resultant MnO 2 @β-PVDF cathode exhibits the highest capacity of 277.6 mAh g -1 (at 0.1 A g -1 ) and capacity retention of 68.6% after 120 cycles, surpassing both the pristine MnO 2 and non-ferroelectric materials coated MnO 2 electrodes. This success presents a new approach to enhance the overall electrochemical performance of the cathodes for the practical application of AZIBs., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Information exchange is a key factor in the attainment of collective outcomes and the navigation of social life. In the current study, we investigated whether and how information exchange enhanced collective performance by combining behavioral and neuroimaging approaches from the perspective of multiparticipant neuroscience. To evaluate collective performance, we measured the collaborative problem-solving abilities of triads working on a murder mystery case. We first found that verbal information exchange significantly enhanced collective performance compared to nonverbal exchange. Moreover, both group sharing and group discussion positively contributed to this effect, with group discussion being more essential. Importantly, group identification mediated the positive effect of verbal information exchange on collective performance. This mediation was supported by higher interactive frequency and enhanced within-group neural synchronization (GNS) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Taken together, we provided a multiparticipant theoretical model to explain how verbal information exchange enhanced collective performance. Our findings deepen the insight into the workings of group decision-making., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Effective influence management during advice-giving requires individuals to express confidence in the advice properly and switch timely between the 'competitive' strategy and the 'defensive' strategy. However, how advisers switch between these two strategies, and whether and why there exist individual differences during this process remain elusive. We used an advice-giving game that manipulated incentive contexts (Incentivized/Non-Incentivized) to induce the adviser's confidence expression strategy switching and measured the brain activities of adviser and advisee concurrently using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Behaviorally, we observed individual differences in strategy switching. Some advisers applied the 'defensive' strategy when incentivized and the 'competitive' strategy when not incentivized, while others applied the 'competitive' strategy when incentivized and the 'defensive' strategy when not incentivized. This effect was mediated by the adviser's perceived stress in each condition and was reflected by the frequencies of advice-taking in the advisees. Neurally, brain activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) supported strategy switching, as well as interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) in the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) that supported influence management. This two-in-one process, i.e., confidence expression strategy switching and the corresponding influence management, was linked and modulated by the strength of DLPFC-TPJ functional connectivity in the adviser. We further developed a descriptive model that contributed to understanding the adviser's strategy switching during influence management., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Respiratory viruses are a major public health burden across all age groups around the globe, and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. They can be transmitted by multiple routes, including physical contact or droplets and aerosols, resulting in efficient spreading within the human population. Investigations of the cell biology of virus replication are thus of utmost importance to gain a better understanding of virus-induced pathogenicity and the development of antiviral countermeasures. Light and fluorescence microscopy techniques have revolutionized investigations of the cell biology of virus infection by allowing the study of the localization and dynamics of viral or cellular components directly in infected cells. Advanced microscopy including high- and super-resolution microscopy techniques available today can visualize biological processes at the single-virus and even single-molecule level, thus opening a unique view on virus infection. We will highlight how fluorescence microscopy has supported investigations on virus cell biology by focusing on three major respiratory viruses: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Influenza A virus (IAV) and SARS-CoV-2. We will review our current knowledge of virus replication and highlight how fluorescence microscopy has helped to improve our state of understanding. We will start by introducing major imaging and labeling modalities and conclude the chapter with a perspective discussion on remaining challenges and potential opportunities., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The mild electrolyte working environment of rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) features its promising characteristic and potential application for large-scale energy storage system. However, the poor cycling stability significantly hinders the broad application of AZIBs due to the complex electrochemical conversion reactions during charge-discharge process. Herein, we propose a strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of AZIB by enhancing the successive electrochemical conversion reactions. With a rational design of electrode, an even homogeneous electric field can be achieved in the cathode side, resulting to significantly enhanced efficiency of successive electrochemical conversion reactions. Charge storage mechanism studies reveal that the reversibility behaviors of byproducts alkaline zinc sulfate (ZHS) can dramatically determine the H + /Zn 2+ de/intercalation process, and a high reversibility characteristic ensures the facilitated electrochemical kinetics. As expected, the resultant AZIB possesses outstanding electrochemical performance with a high specific capacity of 425.08 mAh⋅g -1 at 0.1 A⋅g -1 , an excellent rate capacity of about 60% (246.6 mAh⋅g -1 at 1 A⋅g -1 ) and superior cycling stability of 93.7% after 3000 cycles (at 3 A⋅g -1 ). This effective strategy and thinking proposed here may open a new avenue for the development of high-performing AZIBs., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Ischemia preconditioning (IPC) ameliorates coronary no-reflow induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and pericytes play an important role in microvascular function. However, it is unclear whether IPC exerts a protective effect on coronary microcirculation and regulates the pericytes., Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess whether IPC improves coronary microvascular perfusion and reduces pericyte constriction after myocardial I/R injury., Methods: Rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham group, the I/R group, and the IPC + I/R group. The left anterior descending artery (LAD) of rats in the I/R group were ligated for 45 min, and the rats in the IPC + I/R group received 4 episodes of 6min occlusion followed by 6min reperfusion before the LAD was ligated. After 24 h of reperfusion, the area of no-reflow, and area at risk were evaluated with thioflavin-S and Evens blue staining, and infarct size with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, respectively. Besides, fluorescent microspheres were perfused to enable visualization of the non-obstructed coronary vessels. Cardiac pericytes and microvascular were observed by immunofluorescence, and the diameter of microvascular at the site of the pericyte somata was analyzed., Results: The infarct size, and area of no-reflow in the IPC + I/R group were significantly reduced compared with the I/R group (infarct size, 33.5% ± 11.9% vs. 49.2% ± 9.4%, p = 0.021；no-reflow, 12.7% ± 5.2% vs. 26.6% ± 5.0%, p < 0.001). IPC improved microvascular perfusion and reduced the percentage of the blocked coronary capillary. Moreover, we found that cardiac pericytes were widely distributed around the microvascular in various regions of the heart, and expressed the contractile protein α-smooth muscle actin. The microvascular lumen diameter at pericyte somata was reduced after I/R (4.3 ± 1.0 μm vs. 6.5 ± 1.2 μm, p < 0.001), which was relieved in IPC + I/R group compared with the I/R group (5.2 ± 1.0 μm vs. 4.3 ± 1.0 μm, p < 0.001). Besides, IPC could reduce the proportion of apoptotic pericytes compared to the I/R group (22.1% ± 8.4% vs. 38.5% ± 7.5%, p < 0.001)., Conclusion: IPC reduced no-reflow and inhibited the contraction of microvascular pericytes induced by cardiac I/R injury, suggesting that IPC might play a protective role by regulating the pericyte function., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

In aqueous zinc-based batteries, the reaction by-product Zn 4 SO 4 (OH) 6 ·xH 2 O is commonly observed when cycling vanadium-based and manganese-based cathodes. This by-product obstructs ion transport paths, resulting in enhanced electrochemical impedance. In this work, we report a hybrid aqueous battery based on a Na 0.44 MnO 2 cathode and a metallic zinc foil anode. The surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate is added to the electrolyte as a modifier, and the performance before and after modification is compared. The results show that sodium lauryl sulfate can generate an artificial passivation film on the electrode surface. This passivation film reduces the generation of Zn 4 SO 4 (OH) 6 ·xH 2 O and inhibits the dissolution of Na 0.44 MnO 2 in the electrolyte. Therefore, the reaction kinetics and cycle stability of the battery are significantly enhanced. A battery with this electrolyte additive delivers an initial discharge capacity of 235 mA h g -1 at a current density of 0.1 A g -1 . At the same time, the battery has excellent rate performance. Under the high-rate condition of 1 A g -1 , the battery still maintains a capacity retention rate of 93% after 1500 cycles. Finally, the functional mechanism of by-product inhibition by the electrolyte additive is discussed., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) is a worldwide water environmental problem. HABs usually happens in short time and is difficult to be controlled. Early warning of HABs using data-driven models is prospective in making time for taking precaution against HABs. High-frequency water quality monitoring data are necessary to improve the reliability of the model, but it is expensive. This research used environmental fluid dynamics code (EFDC) to extend one-point data obtained by only one instrument to the whole 249 ha water area instead of multi-instruments monitoring, followed by Long short-term memory (LSTM) to predict the HABs in the whole water body. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to reduce the data dimension and improve model accuracy. Finally, the LSTM model was calibrated to predict chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) for the next 1 to 3 time steps. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of EFDC-LSTM were 0.797-0.991 and 2.74-13.16%, respectively, suggesting the promising utilization of this model in early warning systems for HABs. EFDC-LSTM achieves high-precision HABs forecasting in a cost-effective manner, providing a reliable way to detect HABs in advance., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Hydrogen can be regarded as an ideal type of secondary energy considering its potential for achieving renewable and sustainable development due to water being its sole combustion product and its possible production by solar energy-based water electrolysis. Monitoring the presence and concentration of hydrogen during production, transportation, and application requires a hydrogen gas sensor with high response, high selectivity, and fast response and recovery times. In an attempt to meet these requirements, NiO and PdO are used in the co-doping of In 2 O 3 nanotubes by subsequent electrospinning and impregnation under UV irradiation. The fabricated hydrogen gas sensor demonstrates an ultrahigh response of 487.52, a fast response time of 1 s and high selectivity at an operating temperature of 160 °C, which characteristics are superior to reported monometal-doped hydrogen sensors. The remarkable gas sensing performance could be attributed to the synergistic effect of the resistance modulation, the chemical sensitization of PdO, and the catalytic effect of NiO. This study demonstrates that co-doping of PdO and NiO on In 2 O 3 nanotubes is an effective way to improve hydrogen sensing characteristics more effectively than doping with PdO or NiO alone, and provides a potential application for the fast and accurate detection of hydrogen., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Altered expression of microRNA (miRNA) is associated with the occurrence and metastasis of various tumors. We previously found that miR-218 inhibits tumor angiogenesis through the RICTOR/VEGFA axis in prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we determined that miR-218 also had a negative effect on cell growth, migration, and invasion ability in PCa. Our data showed that miR-218 bound to the Grb2-associated binding protein 2 (GAB2) 3'-UTR region and inhibited GAB2 expression. As a novel downstream target of miR-218, GAB2 has been reported to be involved in the occurrence and development of various human tumors, but its role in the progression and metastasis of PCa has not been addressed. We demonstrated for the first time that the expression of GAB2 in the PCa cell lines was increased, while knocking down GAB2 significantly inhibited cell growth, metastatic ability and EMT process in PCa. In addition, the recovery of GAB2 could reverse the changes in the biological function of PCa cells caused by the ectopic expression of miR-218. Mechanistically, miR-218-mediated GAB2 transcriptional suppression significantly inhibited the activity of the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway, whose abnormal activation was found to be related to the malignant progression of PCa. Taken together, our findings suggest that the miR-218/GAB2 axis may become a novel prognostic indicator and potential therapeutic target in PCa., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

As a promising anode material for supercapacitors, Fe 2 O 3 has been widely studied but still face the problem of low conductivity. Inducing oxygen vacancy (Vo) into Fe 2 O 3 is a widely used approach to tune the conductivity to enhance its capacitive performance, but there is little research on the influence of Vo content. Herein, we report the effect of Vo in Fe 2 O 3 nanoplates with various content. We tuned the Vo content by annealing at 200-500 °C. XPS and EPR were taken to characterize the Vo content, ranging from 11% to 26%. Electrochemical results show that FO-300 with 17% Vo has the highest capacity of 301 mAh g -1 , and the capacity of the highest Vo content's (26% Vo) is only 107 mAh g -1 . The symmetric supercapacitor based on FO-300 shows a considerably high energy density of 58.5 Wh kg -1 at a power density of 9.32 kW kg -1 and remains 84.6% after 12,000 cycles., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

It has been demonstrated that the incorporation of Ni into metal oxide-based gas sensors often enhances the sensing performance by increasing the catalytic and heterojunction effects. However, it remains unclear how these two effects work either individually or synergistically in gas sensing. Herein, a series of Ni-doped In 2 O 3 nanotubes (NIO NTs) with different doping concentrations were synthesized through a traditional electrospinning technique. The as-prepared NIO NTs were uniform, with length of micron scale, an average diameter of approximately 70 nm, and a tube wall thickness of approximately 10 nm. Following their incorporation into gas sensors, the NIO NTs often showed improved sensing properties (including excellent response and selectivity) for ethanol vapor compared to the pristine In 2 O 3 NTs. Specifically, at 100 ppm ethanol and 220 °C, the response of NIO-7 NTs (7 mol% Ni) was approximately four-fold higher than that of pristine In 2 O 3 NTs (49.74 vs. 13.39). The gas sensing test results indicated that the improved sensing performance was due to the formation of a heterojunction between In 2 O 3 and NiO, as well as to the catalysis effects of Ni 3+ ions. Additionally, simulation results indicated that the improved gas selectivity could be due to the Ni doping-induced change in surface adsorption energies of the tested gases., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The complete 4775-nt cDNA encoding the human serotonin 5-HT2c receptor (5-HT2cR), a G-protein-coupled receptor, has been isolated. It contains a 1377-nt coding region flanked by a 728-nt 5'-untranslated region and a 2670-nt 3'-untranslated region. By using the cloned 5-HT2cR cDNA probe, the complete human gene for this receptor has been isolated and shown to contain six exons and five introns spanning at least 230 kb of DNA. The coding region of the human 5-HT2CR gene is interrupted by three introns, and the positions of the intron/exon junctions are conserved between the human and the rodent genes. In addition, an alternatively spliced 5-HT2CR RNA that contains a 95-nt deletion in the region coding for the second intracellular loop and the fourth transmembrane domain of the receptor has been identified. This deletion leads to a frameshift and premature termination so that the short isoform RNA encodes a putative protein of 248 amino acids. The ratio for the short isoform over the 5-HT2CR RNA was found to be higher in choroid plexus tumor than in normal brain tissue, suggesting the possibility of differential regulation of the 5-HT2CR gene in different neural tissues or during tumorigenesis. Transcription of the human 5-HT2CR gene was found to be initiated at multiple sites. No classical TATA-box sequence was found at the appropriate location, and the 5'-flanking sequence contains many potential transcription factor-binding sites. A 7.3-kb 5'-flanking 5-HT2CR DNA directed the efficient expression of a luciferase reporter gene in SK-N-SH and IMR32 neuro-blastoma cells, indicating that it contains a functional promoter.