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Idiopathic childhood focal epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, which is more known as rolandic epilepsy (RE), is age- and localization-related epilepsy with childhood onset, which is characterized mainly by short-lasting hemifacial and oropharyngeal seizures generally occurring when awakening or falling asleep, by the normal neurological status of patients, by specific electroencephalographic changes and complete arrest of seizures during therapy or when achieving puberty.RE is the most common epilepsy in childhood. Its prevalence is 21 per 100,000 healthy children. It is characterized by an onset that is clearly related to age. In 85 % of cases, RE occurs at 4–10 years of age with its peak at about 9 years. The clinical manifestations of this form of epilepsy are several types of seizures, such as oropharyngolaryngeal, hemifacial, faciobrachial, secondarily generalized convulsive, unilateral seizures with the possible development of short duration Todd’s paresis. Other types of seizures (absence, atonic, and myoclonic ones) are uncharacteristic of RE. They may occur occasionally on aggravation resulting from the use of carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine or permanently on transformation into pseudo-Lennox syndrome. According to the definition, focal neurological symptoms and behavioral and intellectual disorders are absent in patients with RE. However, there have been recent observations suggesting that speech, cognitive, and behavioral disorders may occur (at the same time rarely) in children with RE. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fails to reveal the abnormality in the vast majority of cases. The described MRI changes in nearly 10 % of the patients with RE are an incidental finding and irrelevant to the course of the disease. Valproate in small doses is a first-choice drug; if it is inefficient, levetiracetam, topiramate, or a combination of valproate and ethosuximide are administered. Sulthiame (ospolot) as monotherapy is used in Germany.Based on their findings and the data available in the literature, the authors consider the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations of RE and its diagnosis, treatment principles, and prognosis. The specific features of the electroencephalographic pattern in this disease are detailed.

Results of research of efficacy and tolerability of lamitor (lamotrigine) in the treatment of idiopathic focal and generalized forms of epilepsy as monotherapy or in polytherapy in children and adolescents are presented. 25 patients were included in our research, aged from 2 till 18 years, with idiopathic focal (n=10) and generalized (n=15) epilepsy, which received lamitor in monotherapy (5 patients) or in polytherapy (20 patients). As a whole, remission was reached at 18 of 25 patients (72%), significant improvement – at 5 of 25 (20%), the effect was absent – 1 patient (4%), deterioration was noted only in 1 case (4%). Efficiency of lamitor in dependence on epilepsy form was considered. Good tolerability of lamitor is noted. Thus, our research demonstrated high efficiency and good tolerability of lamitor as an additional antiepileptic drug and in monotherapy in the treatment of idiopathic epilepsies in children and adolescents.

The childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms and early onset or Panayiotopoulos syndrome is a benign focal epileptic syndrome,a benign disease, developing at infants. The disease has been described in 1989 by S. Panayiotopoulos on the basis of results of own observations, who has called this syndrome “benign night childhood occipital lobe epilepsy”. In 1996 N. Fejerman et al. offered the new name of the syndrome – benign childhood occipital lobe epilepsy, with earlier onset (Panayiotopoulos type), versus the childhood occipital lobe epilepsy, starting later in childhood (Gastaut type). The Panayiotopoulos syndrome occurs only at children, develops at healthy children without neurological disorders, the pick of disease falls on 4–5 years. The morbidity of boys and girls is almost the same. In most cases of the syndrome seizures take place during the sleep, 2 / 3 of patients report seizures only during sleep. As a rule, seizures last for more than 5 min, in 40 % of cases it last for more than 30 min, what corresponds (according to the consciousness level) to focal or generalized epileptic status criteria. To typical clinical syndromes at Panayiotopoulos syndrome are referred the ictal vomiting, as well as different vegetative symptoms. So, theictal vomiting, which, generally, is not typical for epilepsy, takes place in about 80 % of cases at Panaytopululos syndrome. Authors describe their own observation of the Panayiotopoulos syndrome at 5 years old girl.