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Introduction. Studies on non-metastatic colorectal cancer have demonstrated the prognostic role of circulating tumor (ctDNA) after surgery, and the ability to identify patients with the greatest risk of progression. This makes it possible in the future to personalize neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment.The study objective – to evaluate the correlation of the ctDNA status before and after surgery with a clinical outcome in patients with stage I–III colorectal cancer.Materials and methods. The study included data from patients with morphologically verified colorectal cancer with stage I–III who were treated at the N. N. Blokhin National Oncology Research Center in the period from 2016 to 2021. Blood samples were collected before and after surgical treatment (on the 7–10th day after surgery). The minimum permissible concentration at which ctDNA in a plasma sample was considered positive was 0.4 copies of mutant DNA in 1 mcL of plasma. The main criterion of effectiveness was disease-free survival (DFS). The presence of cDNA before and after surgery was a negative prognostic factor for progression in stage I–III of CRC. Patients with positive cDNA after surgery had worse DFS results despite adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with stage II CRC with negative ctDNA, regardless of adjuvant CT after surgery, did not have disease progression in 100 % of cases.Results. The study included 146 patients with stage I–III colorectal cancer. Progression was detected in 34 patients. The median follow-up time was 22 months (0–66 months). Data on progression were known in 119 patients. Positive cDNA data were detected before surgery in 55 of 120 patients (45 %), after surgery in 46 of 119 (38.6 %). In the group with positive cDNA before surgery, the median DFS was 35 months (95 % confidence interval (CI) 24,0–45.9), in the group with negative cDNA before surgery, the median DFS was not achieved (hazard ratio (HR) 4.6; 95 % CI 2.0–10.4), 1‑year DFS in the cDNA positive group was 62 % versus 100 % in the cDNA negative group (p

The authors of the article substantiate the high significance and prognostic value of transient neurological symptoms in newborns. The study showed a greater variety and a lower rate of symptoms regression in the part of neurological disorders during physiological childbirth in the second position of the fetus. There are data on a higher frequency of some variants of torticollis in the second position of the fetus, cephalohematoma during childbirth in the second position was also significantly more often found. The findings are important for the prevention of neurological disorders and revision of some aspects of obstetric tactics.

Despite the success of vaccine prophylaxis and therapy, neuroinfections remain a serious problem due to the epidemic threat, high mortality and residual disabling and maladaptive neurological deficits in half of the cases.The aim of the literature review was to study modern publications concerning the dynamics of the infectious process in the central nervous system, the nature and predictors of its outcome in children.The results confirmed the effectiveness of social modification with the help of vaccination, guidelines and increased availability of medical care, leading to a decrease in mortality and morbidity of vaccine-controlled neuroinfections. At the same time, the general morbidity and due to the severity of complications and structural acute phase defect post-infectious neurological deficit in the form of epilepsy, motor, cognitive and behavioral disorders remain the same.The study of the outcomes of neuroinfections, their clinic and treatment at all stages, including the remote one, is necessary to develop an optimal protocol for the treatment and rehabilitation of children who have undergone meningitis and encephalitis in order to improve their quality of life.

Data of examination of 406 patients with the preliminary diagnosis attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are presented in the article. Only at 3rd of patients the given diagnosis has proved to be true, and at 70.4 % from them is revealed burdening perinatal background. Clinical aspects and survey results at patients with ADHD are stated in detail. The obtained data allows to draw a conclusion, what exactly a combination anteand intranatal trouble factors cause hypoxia and cerebral ischemia, underlying formation ADHD. The data of the comparative analysis of the efficacy of allopathic treatment and the osteopathic approach are presented.

Objective: to provide the comparative characteristics of neurological impairments in infants born in the I and II obstetric positions and to follow them up in the neonatal period.Subjects and methods. A total of 133 infants born by vaginal delivery at 38–41 weeks» gestation in 2014 to 2016 were followed up. All the examinees were divided into 2 groups: 1) 71 neonates born in the I obstetric position; 2) 62 babies born in the II position. Their clinical examination encompassed an analysis of the course of delivery, neurological examination of the newborn in the first hours of life with a subsequent follow-up evaluation at the time of his/her discharge from the maternity unit.Results and discussion. The examined groups were comparatively analyzed in terms of a number of indicators. The data of objective neurological examination showed a significant difference in some symptoms: cephalohematoma and torticollis were more common in the group of infants born in the II position. Comparison of the frequency of neurological impairments at different follow-up stages (at birth and at discharge from the maternity unit) revealed their statistically significant reduction in both groups. However, the frequency of neurological symptoms among Group 1 infants (born in the I position) at their discharge from the maternity unit was significantly reduced (from 77.5 to 38.0 %; p < 0.001), and those in Group 2 infants (born in the II position) substantially unchanged (from 87.1 to 79.0 %; p = 0.125). The slight regression of neurological symptoms in Group 2 suggests that intranatal nervous system damage is more severe in the infants born in the II position.Conclusion. To define the position of a fetus during labor is an important component in the prevention of intranatal injuries