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In ХХ century shrub vegetation moves in high mountains. However we do not have any data about changes in species composition of vascular plants and lichens, and also in ground cover structure in case of Juniperus sibirica introduction. Vascular plants species composition of mountain tundra on Northern and Southern Ural is a great different in these regions. Species richness of vascular plants on Northern Ural is slightly less than on Southern Ural. We founded only 9 common species for both regions. Endemic plants species list includes 6 species, 2 of them are common for both regions. Species composition of lichens is significant similar. There are 20 common lichens species on Northern and Southern Ural. Species richness of macrolichens on Northern Ural is some bigger than on Southern Ural. We did not find any specific lichens. Introduction of J. sibirica and its different cover do not change species composition of vascular plants and lichens in mountain tundra communities. And also J. sibirica introduction do not lead to increasing of part of common species on Northern and Southern Ural. The species composition differences slightly increase in case of high percentage cover J. sibirica in northern and southern mountain tundra communities. Работа выполнена при поддержке проектов № 16–05–00454 «Современная экспансия можжевельника сибирского (Juniperus sibirica Burgsd.) в горные тундры, луга и редколесья на Южном и Северном Урале» и № 15–29–02449 «Климатогенные изменения структуры и биоразнообразия высокогорной растительности в южной части Уральских гор в последнем столетье».