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Objectives: Tracheoesophageal prosthesis (TEP) is a common method for post‐laryngectomy speech rehabilitation. Despite its common use, some patients ultimately fail TEP rehabilitation. TEP dysfunction negatively affects quality of life due to poor voice quality and need for repeated interventions to restore TEP function. Occasionally, voice rehabilitation with TEP is completely unsuccessful. We performed a scoping review to characterize the main reasons for total TEP failure, in hopes of guiding selection of optimal TEP candidates. Study design: Scoping review using PubMed of all English language articles from 1990 to 2020 addressing causes of TEP failure. Methods: This scoping review followed the population, intervention, comparison, outcome and study (PICOS) guidelines. Total TEP failure was defined as complete loss or abandonment of TEP voice or tract. A comprehensive search strategy using PubMed's MeSH subject headings and keywords was created. Causes and rates of failure were reviewed. Results: Among 544 peer‐reviewed journal articles reviewed for inclusion. Seventy articles met inclusion criteria, resulting in a total of 4928 TEP voice restoration patients for analysis. 15.2% of these patients had total TEP failure. The most common reasons for failure were dissatisfaction with voice (26.3%), leakage (17.9%), inadequate patient motivation (14.7%), comorbidities (14.2%), stoma problems (11.6%), and abandonment of TEP after dislodgement (10.6%). Conclusion: Common reasons for TEP failure included voice dissatisfaction, leakage, lack of patient motivation, patient comorbidities, and stoma problems. These factors should be considered when selecting candidates for TEP voice restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]