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In Vietnam, the public sector has largely been responsible for delivering methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) services. However, with foreign aid anticipated to decline in the coming years, the involvement of the private sector in delivering MMT services is critical to ensure the continued sustainability of MMT programs across Vietnam. This study aims to evaluate patient satisfaction and identify correlated factors among Vietnamese drug users undergoing MMT in both public and private methadone clinics. A cross-sectional study was conducted in one private and two public methadone facilities in Nam Dinh, a province in the North of Vietnam. A convenience sampling technique was applied to recruit 395 participants. Data was collected through 20-minute face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Multivariate Tobit regression was utilized to measure associated factors with patient satisfaction. Results showed that patients were highly satisfied with MMT services in both public and private; however, they expected a higher degree of comprehensive care services. Compared with public facilities, the satisfaction level of patients in private facilities was significantly lower in the following aspects: health administration and professional capacity of health workers. However, there were insignificant differences in regard to infrastructure, equipment, and availability of medical services resources, supporting a promising role of the private sector in supporting the expansion of the MMT programs in Vietnam. Integrating MMT with other physical and mental healthcare services, along with strategies for improving administrative procedures and health workers' capacity in private clinics, are critical implications of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the growth, prevalence and influence of private urban governance, scholarship that explores the intimate workings of these manifold and mutating forms remains limited. While these private ventures carry forward elements from the past, the landscape of urban governance has nonetheless undergone profound transformation. Over the past few decades, the global expansion and influence of private governing ventures have reshaped how cities are managed, organised and experienced. This special issue on the New Private Urban Governance examines the constantly evolving modalities of private governance (i.e. business improvement districts/areas, condominium/strata corporations, gated communities, POPS and others) in a global context. Organised around new, interrelated themes of vestiges, ventures and visibility, this issue comprises case studies, syntheses of longstanding empirical projects and novel theoretical/conceptual interventions into political and spatial practices, knowledges and technologies of these privately governed realms. Focused on the spatialisation of politics, vestiges reflects the idea that while neoliberal forms of private urban governance continue to proliferate, they rely and build upon, rather than fully replace, earlier, more public governance practices, logics and spaces. Ventures emphasises that the private and market-oriented thrust of urban governance is heavily predicated on the protection and extraction of value and the intensifying financialisation of urban landscapes and life. Visibility highlights how governing technologies render private urban governance visible and in doing so highlight the politics of space. These three themes together expose the workings of the new private urban governance while invigorating further explorations of this complex phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With technological advancement, neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) have become noisier than ever. Studies have shown the detrimental effects of increasing noise in NICU on growing pre-term and sick neonates. The present study aimed primarily to compare the amount of noise in NICUs of private and government hospitals. The secondary aim was to compare the strategies adopted by these hospitals to control the detrimental effects of noise on newborns. A detailed noise survey was conducted in the NICUs of two private and two government hospitals in the Jodhpur district, India. The noise survey was performed for a duration of 48 h using "Sound Ear 3-300" noise meters. The analyses were measured in Leq (equivalent continuous sound level) A-weighted decibels (dBA). The extracted data analysis revealed that the noise measured was in the range of 61.62–82.32 dBA in four NICUs of the district. The results also revealed a statistically significant difference between the NICU noise of private and government hospitals. The levels of alarming sounds differed between the hospitals with a general trend of lesser alarming sounds in private hospitals. The major differences in strategies adopted were that both private hospitals had a protocol to purposely reduce levels of alarming sounds when heard, and purposely limited the number of staff present in certain areas of the NICU, which were correlated with reduced sound compared to the government hospitals. Strategies like these require no additional cost to make drastic changes in the average noise measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In debates about the role(s) and scale of entrepreneurial philanthropy in democracies, scholars discuss the erosion of distinctive public and private spheres and interests, and the replacement of the public sphere. This has occurred at the expense of public deliberation and participation, in favor of the reification of individuals and the role of experts/expertise. Drawing upon John Dewey's The Public and Its Problems (1927/2016), I argue that there is an eclipse of the publicity of the public. This informs my case for the (re)conceptualization of philanthropy as a public, characterized by (a) the philanthropist as a social rather than an atomistic being, (b) the philanthropy-state dynamic and the publics' claims, and (c) part of the radical vision of philanthropy. To ensure that private and public have analytical and practical resonance, it is imperative to (re)frame and (re)conceptualize what these concepts mean to entrepreneurial philanthropy and for its role in democracies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center has developed a novel data resource, the Cancer Information and Population Health Resource (CIPHR), for conducting catchment area evaluation and cancer population health research that links the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry (NCCCR) to medical and pharmacy claims data from Medicare, Medicaid, and private plans operating within North Carolina. This study's aim was to describe the CIPHR data and provide examples of potential cohorts available in those data. Methods We present the underlying populations included in the NCCCR and claims data before linkage and demonstrate estimated sample sizes when these data are linked and commonly used insurance enrollment criteria are applied. Results Data for the years 2003-2020 are present in CIPHR and include 947 977 cancer cases from the NCCCR and 21.6 million enrollees in public and private health insurance (cancer and noncancer cases). When limited to first or only cancers (n = 672 377), 86% could be linked to insurance enrollment for at least 1 month during 2003-2020 (n = 582 638), with 62% of individuals linking to enrollment during the month of cancer diagnosis. Among all registry cancer cases, 47% (n = 317 898) had continuous insurance enrollment for at least 12 months before and after cancer diagnosis. Conclusion CIPHR illustrates the utility of establishing and maintaining a statewide, comprehensive cancer population health database. This resource serves to characterize the cancer center catchment area and aids in tracking cancer outcomes and trends in care delivery as well as identifying disparities that require intervention and policy focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of the present study is to identify the core cultural aspects perceived by the executives of public, private and foreign banks in India. Design/methodology/approach – Of the 124 responses, 96 usable responses were assessed from middle and lower level managers. Qualitative content analysis and deconstruction method were used to identify the perceived cultural aspects. Findings – Interestingly, managers of Indian banking industry stated that cultural aspects of their banks possess good work and working environment, prefer people, management, experience and promotions in comparison to other factors like policy, bonus, market, commitment, project, etc. It is also noted that cultural aspects of banks prefer learning, training and team working. Practical implications – Assessment of the perception of managers toward their culture will foster the banks to develop integral subculture and to achieve the long-term organizational goals. Originality/value – The study analyze the cultural aspects in Indian banking industry qualitatively, based on executives characteristics. This qualitative analysis helps to find out more contemporary and prevailing factors of banks.

This study investigates the effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) scores on bank performance in five Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines. This study aims to examine the effect of ESG scores on bank financial performance and investigate whether the influence of bank ownership can strengthen both. This study uses a sample of 26 banks in 5-ASEAN countries during 2016–2021. This amount is the result of data sorting conducted on 86 banks by adjusting to the research sample criteria. Using multiple linear regression analysis, this study shows that ESG scores have a significant positive effect on bank financial performance as measured by Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Price to Book Value (PBV). Furthermore, this study found that the positive impact of ESG scores on bank performance is stronger for state-owned banks compared to private banks. However, bank ownership does not affect the relationship between ESG scores and ROA. These findings suggest that law enforcement by the government through regulators plays an important role in encouraging banks to view ESG as a driving value to improve their performance.

This study measures productivity of private hospitals in Tanzania based on the hospitals size. Specifically, the study aims at evaluating technological change and efficiency change based on hospitals’ size. The study also focuses on exploring factors deriving productivity in relation to hospitals size. The study employs Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to measure and decompose productivity growth into efficiency change and technological change in relations to the hospitals size. The study used secondary data extracted from annual report of 34 private hospitals for the period ranging from 20018/19 to 2021/22. Results show that small (0≤beds≤150) and large hospitals (250≥beds) were experiencing productivity progress (improvement) while medium hospitals (151≤beds≤250) were experiencing regress over the study period. Analysis indicates that progress or regress of the hospitals was largely influenced by technical efficiency change which implies embracing or failure to embrace advanced technology, quality healthcare services, best management practices as well as investing in new operating methodologies. Large hospitals experienced deterioration in the productivity growth in year one as well as year two followed by a slight improvement in the subsequent two years. This study contributes quite relevant information for hospitals administrators and hospitals’ owners as well as policy makers to make informed decision in the course of improving performance of private hospitals in Tanzania. The study also provides further guides on the efficiency utilization of the hospitals assets since the analysis is based on the size and what determine hospitals’ productivity.

It has long been debated as to whether higher education (HE) is a site of social mobility that promotes meritocracy or social reproduction that creates and exacerbates inequalities in societies. In this paper, I will argue that HE, even when democratised and provided free to everyone, reproduces inequalities unless coupled with an inclusive sectoral design, an expansion of funding, and a wider strategy to reduce socio-economic inequalities. To do so, I studied the case of Syria, which has always claimed to have a meritocratic HE system that is designed to achieve equality in society by providing free HE for all since the 1970s. I analysed the database of the Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE) for 15 academic years from 2001 to 2015. This database included data on students' access and graduation rate divided by the type of education (public, private, higher institutes, and technical institutes), level of education (undergraduate and postgraduate), gender (male and female), city, faculty, and specialisations. This analysis unpacked four types of inequalities, namely education type-based inequalities, specialisation-based inequalities, city-based inequalities, and gender-based inequalities. Finally, I show how gender dynamics and roles are changing in the HE sector as a result of the Syrian conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines ideas on the public (公) and the private (私) among Joseon scholars of the 18th century, with a particular focus on Seongho Yi Ik (1681–1763). Yi Ik understood the private as the state one personally feels and experiences and the public as the state one shares and sympathizes with others. The private acquires universality when one rejoices together in what pleases others and hates what others dislike. Although he did not believe all diverse desires and emotions experienced at the private level to be inherently universal and public in nature, he argued that the understanding of the moral foundations of the public could not be detached from the consideration for innate human desires and common emotions. Yi Ik recognized the public value not only of the special emotions known as the four sprouts (四端), but also of general emotions known as the seven emotions (七情), if they were expressed with situational appropriateness through empathy with others. Seongho saw human nature as having empathy for others and an aspiration for coexistence, and understood the social realization of these natural tendencies as the public (公). Thus, the public was understood primarily as stemming from spontaneous human nature and emotions, rather than being enforced through institutional or legal coercion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a standard methodology for measuring and evaluating the availability and affordability of selected medicines in the healthcare system, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Aim: To investigate availability, affordability and accessibility of medicines in the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2021 and compare the results with those from 2019. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated the availability and affordability of 60 selected medicines in Islamic Republic of Iran. Availability and affordability were measured using the WHO/Health Action International methodology. Results: The availability rates for originator brands in the public, private and other sectors were 6.4%, 8.6% and 6.8%, respectively. In contrast, availability rates for lowest-priced and most-sold generics were 44.7% and 63.6% in the public sector, 45.4% and 66.4% in the private sector, and 39.6% and 58.6% in other sectors. Only 20.0% of originator brands in the Islamic Republic of Iran were affordable, while 96.6% of the lowest priced and 95.0% of the most sold generics were affordable. Conclusion: Most medicines in the Islamic Republic of Iran were affordable and the pharmaceutical supply chain was acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Managing a modern enterprise requires the use of appropriate IT technologies. Currently, an interesting option for companies is the possibility of using IT technologies provided through cloud computing. Cloud Computing (CC) offers enterprises the ability to remotely use various IT resources in the form of services. Nowadays, many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) utilize CC solutions, with many of them having several years of experience in their implementation and operation. The article presents the results of research on future trends in the application of cloud computing as indicated by SMEs in Poland. After presenting the theoretical aspects of cloud computing, various aspects related to the use of CC (such as the period of use, models, and types of services used) in the surveyed enterprises are discussed. Subsequently, the effects and changes brought about by the introduction of CC solutions, as well as the place of CC in the business strategy of SMEs, are examined. The subsequent sections present anticipated changes in the use of CC in the surveyed enterprises. The article concludes with forecasts of the popularity of CC solutions as indicated by respondents from SMEs in Poland. According to respondents from medium-sized enterprises, the most likely changes, in order, will be: many cloud services from different providers have started to be used, more auxiliary processes have been moved to the cloud, and the type of cloud used or the cloud service has changed or other modifications have been made to CC services. Conversely, respondents from small enterprises foresee that the first changes will involve: more auxiliary processes being moved to the cloud, more main and critical processes being moved to the cloud, and the type of cloud used or the cloud service has changed or other modifications made to CC services. According to the surveyed enterprises, the services expected to gain the most popularity over the next five years include file storage and sharing, email, archiving and storing data, documents and databases, and office applications and document flow support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 151 patients with 151 operations were observed and retrospectively recorded. All medical staff (including doctors, nurses, and midwives) participating in the preparation of patients were invited to participate in the study. A total of 38 health workers were observed and evaluated. Seven in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were performed. Compliance preparation for preoperative preparation among medical staff is low, with only 45.7% adherence to the process, while 76.8% comply with physical preparation. The overall compliance rate is 67.5%. The study also reveals incomplete surgical review systems, inadequate human resources, and insufficient supervision. Type of surgery and surgical department are factors associated with poor preoperative preparation. Study results highlighted that the level of compliance with the pre-operative patient preparation process of the private hospital in this study was still low. Appropriate strategies are needed to improve human resource barriers and monitor and improve administrative systems, thereby improving the ability of medical staff to comply with the process at the hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study measures productivity of private hospitals in Tanzania based on the hospitals size. Specifically, the study aims at evaluating technological change and efficiency change based on hospitals' size. The study also focuses on exploring factors deriving productivity in relation to hospitals size. The study employs Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to measure and decompose productivity growth into efficiency change and technological change in relations to the hospitals size. The study used secondary data extracted from annual report of 34 private hospitals for the period ranging from 20018/19 to 2021/22. Results show that small (0=beds=150) and large hospitals (250=beds) were experiencing productivity progress (improvement) while medium hospitals (151=beds=250) were experiencing regress over the study period. Analysis indicates that progress or regress of the hospitals was largely influenced by technical efficiency change which implies embracing or failure to embrace advanced technology, quality healthcare services, best management practices as well as investing in new operating methodologies. Large hospitals experienced deterioration in the productivity growth in year one as well as year two followed by a slight improvement in the subsequent two years. This study contributes quite relevant information for hospitals administrators and hospitals' owners as well as policy makers to make informed decision in the course of improving performance of private hospitals in Tanzania. The study also provides further guides on the efficiency utilization of the hospitals assets since the analysis is based on the size and what determine hospitals' productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of the perceptual space of the functioning of the holiday in Ukrainian society. The authors refer to the materials of the multi-year survey-omnibus KIIS with the aim of analyzing the differentiation of distances and relationships between a number of religious, secular, and state holidays in Ukrainian society using the method of multidimensional scaling. The article proposes its own conception of the space of perception, built on a number of known concepts of social perception. Proposing hypotheses regarding the potential axes of spatial structuring is carried out using the work of such sociologists and anthropologists as representatives of the College of Sociology (J. Bataille, R. Caillois), classical sociology (E. Durkheim) and carnival theory (M. Bakhtin). At the conceptual level, the authors take into account the dialectic of unity and struggle of individual and collective, sacred and profane, rational and irrational, public and intimate, etc. in the holiday. Within the framework of the analysis, the authors identified and described the axes that are stable and reproduced in all years of the KIIS omnibus survey, which the authors designate as «rational modernity - irrational archaic» and «publicity - privacy». The authors pay special attention to the dynamics of the holidays selected for analysis; they refer to the holidays that demonstrate the greatest «movements» in space over the years. Considerable attention is paid to attempts to explain the reasons for such dynamics, which the authors look for in externalities relative to public awareness of holidays (political events, pandemic (self) isolation, cultural processes, social phenomena, etc.). Among the holidays, the authors receive special attention Trinity, Victory Day (May 9), Independence Day of Ukraine, Defender's Day, New Year, Christmas, International Women's Day, which, firstly, turned out to be the most sensitive to the factors of dynamics specified by the authors, and the second the most dynamic and sociologically demonstrative. A number of prospects for further research of this topic are proposed, starting from what the authors have already achieved in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The current study investigates the switching behaviour and patterns among patients in India, particularly in the context of various ailments such as Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), Communicable Diseases (CDs), and other health issues. To evaluate people's behaviour towards accessing healthcare facilities in public and private healthcare providers separately for CDs, NCDs, and other ailments. Material and methods: The study design is observational and cross-sectional. The study included data from NSS 71st, NSS 75th, and LASI wave-1 datasets, which provide information on the incidence of switching behaviour among patients with different types of ailments. Statistical analysis used: The Binary logistic regression analysis has been used to examine the determinants of switching behaviour in usage of healthcare facilities. Prevalence estimates were exhibited using weighted % and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). P values

All the Nordic states (except for Iceland at the time of analysis) have published a national artificial intelligence strategy (NAIS) document. The NAISs provide a window through which to view a consolidated point where states set out a socio-technical imaginary ostensibly focused on the impact of AI on the national society but, in so doing, communicate present-day value-laden assumptions. These future visions see an expansion in the scale and scope of private-sector-driven AI applications in healthcare provision as inevitable, positive, and justified based on a promise of efficiency. In so doing, the NAISs institutionalise a shift in how issues of participation, deliberation, and inclusion in health are structured in the future. The article asks what kind of ‘welfareʼ the NAISs present for the Nordic region with respect to the governance, role, and ownership of AI healthcare. In so doing, it reveals how the NAISs provide a vehicle by which to enable a paradigm shift in state–market relations that is, nonetheless, hidden from political scrutiny through its technological futurism.

Abstract Background The “Adequate Childbirth Program” (PPA) is a quality improvement project that aims to reduce the high rates of unnecessary cesarean section in Brazilian private hospitals. This study aimed to analyze labor and childbirth care practices after the first phase of PPA implementation. Method This study uses a qualitative approach. Eight hospitals were selected. At each hospital, during the period of 5 (five) days, from July to October 2017, the research team conducted face to face interviews with doctors (n = 21) and nurses (n = 28), using semi-structured scripts. For the selection of professionals, the Snowball technique was used. The interviews were transcribed, and the data submitted to Thematic Content Analysis, using the MaxQda software. Results The three analytical dimensions of the process of change in the care model: (1) Incorporation of care practices: understood as the practices that have been included since PPA implementation; (2) Adaptation of care practices: understood as practices carried out prior to PPA implementation, but which underwent modifications with the implementation of the project; (3) Rejection of care practices: understood as those practices that were abandoned or questioned whether or not they should be carried out by hospital professionals. Conclusions After the PPA, changes were made in hospitals and in the way, women were treated. Birth planning, prenatal hospital visits led by experts (for expecting mothers and their families), diet during labor, pharmacological analgesia for vaginal delivery, skin-to-skin contact, and breastfeeding in the first hour of life are all included. To better monitor labor and vaginal birth and to reduce CS without a clinical justification, hospitals adjusted their present practices. Finally, the professionals rejected the Kristeller maneuver since research has demonstrated that using it’s harmful.

In modern society, people engage in social interactions and activities outside their own home. When in public settings people may need to eliminate bodily waste, so public toilets are required. Accessibility, availability and adaptability are essential principles for safe, private, and purposeful visits to public toilets. A diverse range of individuals use public toilets: various age profiles, all gender groups, vulnerable individuals and people with additional needs. Public toilets essentially need to be a place of privacy, safety and cleanliness to facilitate elimination of urine, evacuation of faeces, management of menstruation, and changing/disposing of continence wear products in a secure environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In decades since 11 September 2001 (9/11), surveillance and policing within the United States have increased manifold and, with them, protests against the systemic racism and classism embedded in these practices. These practices go back beyond the 21st century—these modes of policing, power, and protests against them are not new. Due to urban spaces' concentration of political, economic, and social power and the sheer density of people, they can quickly take on material and symbolic importance that can last for centuries. As public protests increase, so do countermeasures from those wielding power in the forms of both formal and informal policing and surveillance. These policing measures also leave material traces in the landscape, working to create a palimpsest of trauma across urban terrains. The lineage of a surveillance landscape as seen in policing, power, and protest in Lower Manhattan, will be explored through a documentary archaeological approach to examine the residual trauma left in public spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predictors of wages and salaries (earnings) are investigated to track the impact of COVID-19 on wages and salaries dynamics in Malaysia for 2019 and 2020. Data obtained from Salary and Wages Survey (2019 and 2020) is used to estimate the Mincerian models for those years. The main findings are: Firstly, public sector employees receive lesser impact during COVID-19; secondly, the younger (15–19 and 20–24) and the older (60–64) workers experienced significant reduction in earnings; thirdly, citizens in public sector saw a large improvement in earnings compared to non-citizens; fourthly, ethnic Bumiputera in public sector received 4% lower earnings than the reference category (Indian ethnic) in 2019 but in 2020, this reduced by half; and finally from a regional perspective, employees in West Coast, both public and private seems to experience earnings reduction in 2020 closer to the reference category. In a way, COVID-19 is a 'blessing in disguise' as urban–rural and male–female earnings gap in private sector reduced and citizens in public sector saw a rise in their earnings. We recommend the following. Firstly, those with lower education and low-skilled should invest more in human capital. Provision of specific skill-based or life-long learning programs are essential. Secondly, more targeted measures to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on declining wages and salaries to specific group of people will bring them far. Finally, the younger and older workers appear to be more vulnerable. More skill development opportunities enable the younger participants to build human capital. For older workers, concrete income generation opportunities through entrepreneurial opportunities (private) or extending the age of retirement (public) are essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development is considered as one of the cardinal measures of the state of an environment with an important aim of ensuring adequate land use without compromising future needs. However, despite efforts by statutory body on controlling the use of land through sustainable practices such as zoning, environmental conservation, land related issues still persists. The study assessed sustainable development practice of private residential land in Ondo state in order to enhance its suitability to the environment. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from landowners in Ipinsa, Ilara-Mokin and Ibule-Soro areas of Ondo state, Nigeria. The obtained information was examined using Weighted Mean Score, Logistic Regression, Factor Analysis and Thematic Analysis. Weighted Mean Score is used to determine the probability associated with a particular event with its associated quantitative outcome. The findings of this study show that emergence of adjoining land use, unguided market price, emergence of small illegal development amongst others were activities found on residential land in the study area. Therefore, this study recommends the need for policy/guidelines on controlling the intense use of land for environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of Blockchain technologies. The types of distributed networks are defined and established as open, closed, consortium, and hybrid. Due to the variety of platforms in the Industry 4.0 society, which cannot be distinguished exactly as one type among those listed, the advantages and disadvantages of public and private networks are analyzed. Creating a real project requires compliance with various criteria. The synergism of standard and specialized environmental factors suggests difficulty in developing a techno-economic analysis for a specific task. Therefore, a SWOT analysis is proposed through which strengths and weaknesses, threats, and challenges are determined. To reduce the impact of threats and weaknesses when implementing technology in the industry, a combination of an Enterprise Resource Planning (shortly ERP) software platform and a fast data-transfer environment (such as 5G) is proposed. For this purpose, the features of the latter, which overcome threats and weaknesses, are established. It is established that the collaborative integration of technologies fosters business growth enhances economic impact, and serves as a strong foundation for long-term development across various fronts, positioning ahead of competitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effect of hospital staffing resources on medical practice in public versus private hospitals. We used exhaustive delivery data from a French district of 11 hospitals over an 11-year period, from 2008 to 2018, including 168,120 observations. We performed multilevel logistic regression models with hospital fixed or random effects, while controlling for factors known to influence obstetric practice. We found that hospital staff ratios of obstetricians and that of midwives affected caesarean rates, but with different effects depending on the hospital sector. In public hospitals, the higher the ratio of obstetricians and that of midwives, the lower the probability of planned caesareans. In private hospitals, the higher the ratio of obstetricians, the greater the probability of planned caesareans. Indeed, in public hospitals, obstetricians and midwives, both salaried employees, do not have financial or organizational incentives to perform more caesareans. In private hospitals, obstetricians, who are independent doctors, may have such incentives. Our results underline the importance of having an adequate supply of health professionals in healthcare facilities to ensure appropriate care, with specific regard to the different characteristics of the public and private sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The "Adequate Childbirth Program" (PPA) is a quality improvement project that aims to reduce the high rates of unnecessary cesarean section in Brazilian private hospitals. This study aimed to analyze labor and childbirth care practices after the first phase of PPA implementation. Method: This study uses a qualitative approach. Eight hospitals were selected. At each hospital, during the period of 5 (five) days, from July to October 2017, the research team conducted face to face interviews with doctors (n = 21) and nurses (n = 28), using semi-structured scripts. For the selection of professionals, the Snowball technique was used. The interviews were transcribed, and the data submitted to Thematic Content Analysis, using the MaxQda software. Results: The three analytical dimensions of the process of change in the care model: (1) Incorporation of care practices: understood as the practices that have been included since PPA implementation; (2) Adaptation of care practices: understood as practices carried out prior to PPA implementation, but which underwent modifications with the implementation of the project; (3) Rejection of care practices: understood as those practices that were abandoned or questioned whether or not they should be carried out by hospital professionals. Conclusions: After the PPA, changes were made in hospitals and in the way, women were treated. Birth planning, prenatal hospital visits led by experts (for expecting mothers and their families), diet during labor, pharmacological analgesia for vaginal delivery, skin-to-skin contact, and breastfeeding in the first hour of life are all included. To better monitor labor and vaginal birth and to reduce CS without a clinical justification, hospitals adjusted their present practices. Finally, the professionals rejected the Kristeller maneuver since research has demonstrated that using it's harmful. Plain English summary: Brazil has high Cesarean Section (CS) rates, with rates far from the ideal recommended by the World Health Organization and a model of care that does not favor women's autonomy and empowerment. In 2015, a quality improvement project, called "Projeto Parto Adequado" (PPA), was implemented in Brazilian private hospitals to reduce unnecessary cesarean section, in addition to encouraging the process of natural and safe childbirth. One of the components of this project was to reorganize the model of care in hospitals to prepare professionals for humanized and safe care. The data were collected in 8 hospitals with interviews with 49 professionals, approximately two years after the beginning of the project in the hospitals. There were changes in the hospital routine and in the care of women after the project. The professionals incorporated practices such as skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding; diet during labor; non-invasive care technologies, especially to relieve pain during labor; birth plan; pregnancy courses with guided tours in hospitals (for pregnant women and family); and analgesia for vaginal labor. There was adaptation of existing practices in hospitals to reduce CS that had no clinical indication; better monitoring of labor, favoring vaginal delivery. And finally, the professionals rejected the practice that presses the uterine fundus, for not having shown efficacy in recent studies. We can conclude that the hospitals that participated in this study have made an effort to change their obstetric model. However, specific aspects of each hospital, the organization of the health system in Brazil, and the incentive of the local administration influenced the implementation of these changes by professionals in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Universidad Ricardo Palma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BackgroundQuality of work-life issues significantly impact the economic, physical, and psychological well-being of health professionals and their families. Enhancing QWL aims to foster a conducive environment and improve work performance. This study evaluated the quality of work life of health professionals in government and private health institutions in the Awi zone, Ethiopia.MethodsA comparative cross-sectional approach was employed, with study participants selected via the lottery method in 2022. Socio-demographic and organizational-related data were collected, coded, cleaned, and entered into Epi-Data version 3.1, then analyzed using SPSS version 27. Candidate variables were selected using bivariable logistic regression (p

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to carry out a comparative analysis of the job satisfaction of nurses working in India based on the different types of the hospital they are working with. The study tests the null hypothesis that the job satisfaction of nurses from India across different types of hospitals is the same. Methods: Four hundred nurses divided into 100 each for four popular types of hospitals – (1) Educational; (2) Government; (3) Charitable Trust; and (4) Private, from all over India were surveyed. Two ANOVA tests were performed. The first one was performed, taking overall job satisfaction as the dependent variable. The second ANOVA was performed by taking the monetary and compensation factors, work environment and management support, and job-related factors as the dependent variables. Results: The overall mean of job satisfaction was -0.73 (SD 0.60). Overall, 65 percent of the variability of the dependent variable, job satisfaction, is explained by the type of hospital and is statistically significant (p

Background Neutropenic fever (NF) is a common complication in patients receiving chemotherapy. Judicious antimicrobial use is paramount to minimize morbidity and mortality and to avoid antimicrobial-related harms. Objectives To use an Australian national dataset of antimicrobial prescriptions for the treatment of NF to describe antimicrobial use, prescription guideline compliance and appropriateness; and to compare these findings across different healthcare settings and patient demographics. We also aimed to identify trends and practice changes over time. Methods Data were extracted from the Hospital National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey (Hospital NAPS) database from August 2013 to May 2022. Antimicrobial prescriptions with a NF indication were analysed for antimicrobial use, guideline compliance and appropriateness according to the Hospital NAPS methodology. Demographic factors, hospital classifications and disease characteristics were compared. Results A total of 2887 (n = 2441 adults, n = 441 paediatric) NF prescriptions from 254 health facilities were included. Piperacillin-tazobactam was the most prescribed antimicrobial. Overall, 87.4% of prescriptions were appropriate. Piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime had the highest appropriateness though incorrect piperacillin-tazobactam dosing was observed. Lower appropriateness was identified for meropenem, vancomycin, and gentamicin prescribing particularly in the private hospital and paediatric cohorts. The most common reasons for inappropriate prescribing were spectrum too broad, incorrect dosing or frequency, and incorrect duration. Conclusions This study provides insights into antimicrobial prescribing practices for NF in Australia. We have identified three key areas for improvement: piperacillin-tazobactam dosing, paediatric NF prescribing and private hospital NF prescribing. Findings from this study will inform the updated Australian and New Zealand consensus guidelines for the management of neutropenic fever in patients with cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to carry out a comparative analysis of the job satisfaction of nurses working in India based on the different types of the hospital they are working with. The study tests the null hypothesis that the job satisfaction of nurses from India across different types of hospitals is the same. Methods: Four hundred nurses divided into 100 each for four popular types of hospitals - (1) Educational; (2) Government; (3) Charitable Trust; and (4) Private, from all over India were surveyed. Two ANOVA tests were performed. The first one was performed, taking overall job satisfaction as the dependent variable. The second ANOVA was performed by taking the monetary and compensation factors, work environment and management support, and job-related factors as the dependent variables. Results: The overall mean of job satisfaction was -0.73 (SD 0.60). Overall, 65 percent of the variability of the dependent variable, job satisfaction, is explained by the type of hospital and is statistically significant (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Monetary and compensation factors, work environment and management support, and job-related factors impact nurses' job satisfaction. These factors vary with the type of hospital, and hence it can be concluded that due to variation in these factors depending on the type of hospital, the job satisfaction of nurses varies. Implications of our study are for the educational, government, and charitable trust hospitals to improve their work culture, management, and work environment so that nurses will have higher job satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last century of archaeological exploration has brought to light many late antique villae (mid-3rd - early-5th centuries CE), and much has been made of the ways these sites visually reinforce the increasingly fraught patron-client relations that characterize the late antique world in scholarship. My paper challenges these assumptions, using material evidence to illustrate a more complex, symbiotic relationship between late antique villae and the rus. The late Roman countryside was stratified, but to presume an especially oppressive relationship between estates and rural populations is to perpetuate synthesis of this period as synonymous with decline, and to disregard more nuanced evidence in the archaeological record. I discuss cult structures on three estates in the Ebro River Valley in ancient Tarraconensis (Spain) to argue that villae courted and catered to sub-elite rural population groups, who were themselves receptive to such offerings. By highlighting these interdependencies, this paper aims to bring greater contour to our understanding of the mechanisms animating the provincial countryside in late antiquity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers an analysis of the concept of intimacy, arguing that it concerns moments of mutual imaginings generative of desire. As a peculiar mode of shared conduct, it is difficult to categorize the value of such actions insofar as they fall outside our ordinary conception of the public and private spheres. Nonetheless, when achieved, intimacy is not only an expansion of the private and a realization of a good-in-itself, but also has a bearing on our orientation to the broader world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Politicos (01215167) is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Central European Political Studies / Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne is the property of Faculty of Political Science & Journalism, Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are significant barriers to accessing health and social care services in Ireland including high user charges, long waits and limited availability of some services. While a number of reform proposals have committed to improving access to health care, implementation of these proposals has been limited. The aim of this paper is to identify and discuss policy implementation failures concerned with improving access to health and social care services in Ireland. Four potential reasons for the repeated failure to implement stated reform proposals are identified including a failure to identify and address the practicalities of implementation, competing health care demands, the political cycle and stakeholder resistance. While there has been a shift in Irish health care policy documents in the last 10 years with increasing emphasis on ensuring access to health care based on need rather than ability to pay, a repeated failure to implement the proposed reforms raises questions as to whether there is a real commitment to improving access to health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: This study aims to assess time trends in case-mix and to evaluate the risk of revision and causes following primary THA, TKA, and UKA in private and public hospitals in the Netherlands. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 476,312 primary arthroplasties (public: n = 413,560 and private n = 62,752) implanted between 2014 and 2023 using Dutch Arthroplasty Register data. We explored patient demographics, procedure details, trends over time, and revisions per hospital type. Adjusted revision risk was calculated for comparable subgroups (ASA I/II, age ≤ 75, BMI ≤ 30, osteoarthritis diagnosis, and moderate–high socioeconomic status (SES). Results: The volume of THAs and TKAs in private hospitals increased from 4% and 9% in 2014, to 18% and 21% in 2022. Patients in private hospitals were younger, had lower ASA classification, lower BMI, and higher SES compared with public hospital patients. In private hospitals, age and ASA II proportion increased over time. Multivariable Cox regression demonstrated a lower revision risk for primary THA (HR 0.7, CI 0.7–0.8), TKA (HR 0.8, CI 0.7–0.9), and UKA (HR 0.8, CI 0.7–0.9) in private hospitals. After initial arthroplasty in private hospitals, 49% of THA and 37% of TKA revisions were performed in public hospitals. Conclusion: Patients in private hospitals were younger, had lower ASA classification, lower BMI, and higher SES com­pared with public hospital patients. The number of arthroplasties increased in private hospitals, with a lower revision risk compared with public hospitals.

While the theme of extension service quality has been extensively explored, we set out distinctly to compare farmers' perceptions of quality of public and private extension services. We adopted a survey method and collected data from 385 farmers. The private extension service received superior ratings as compared to the public services. Using multivariate probit model, we found gender, farm size, education, and access to hired labour as factors that affect extension service quality. Key challenges are wide agent-to-farmer ratio and high cost of services. We encourage collaborative efforts between government and private extension organisations to elevate extension delivery to farmers.

The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of Blockchain technologies. The types of distributed networks are defined and established as open, closed, consortium, and hybrid. Due to the variety of platforms in the Industry 4.0 society, which cannot be distinguished exactly as one type among those listed, the advantages and disadvantages of public and private networks are analyzed. Creating a real project requires compliance with various criteria. The synergism of standard and specialized environmental factors suggests difficulty in developing a techno-economic analysis for a specific task. Therefore, a SWOT analysis is proposed through which strengths and weaknesses, threats, and challenges are determined. To reduce the impact of threats and weaknesses when implementing technology in the industry, a combination of an Enterprise Resource Planning (shortly ERP) software platform and a fast data-transfer environment (such as 5G) is proposed. For this purpose, the features of the latter, which overcome threats and weaknesses, are established. It is established that the collaborative integration of technologies fosters business growth enhances economic impact, and serves as a strong foundation for long-term development across various fronts, positioning ahead of competitors.