Search

Marketed as a healthier alternative to bread wheat, spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) is in increasing demand from consumers and bakers in Switzerland. The Swiss spelt landscape is currently dominated by two varieties—Ostro and Oberkulmer Rotkorn—considered as references for Swiss "typical" spelt. However, these two varieties are rather old and deliver low yields; the market therefore needs improved spelt varieties with higher agronomic potential while keeping the essential attributes of typical spelt. As spelt and winter wheat can be interbred, modern spelt varieties often result from crosses between the two. It has therefore become increasingly difficult to distinguish between typical spelt and modern wheat-spelt intercrosses. This project aims to clarify the phenotypic distinction between typical spelt and modern wheat-spelt intercrosses in the Swiss context. To do this, we performed field trials with 50 spelt varieties, including typical and modern cultivars from Switzerland and Central Europe. We measured agronomic, rheological and nutritional parameters of each variety. In addition, these cultivars were genotyped using a 25 K Illumina Wheat SNP array. This allowed us to identify which phenotypic parameters were associated with genetic proximity to typical spelt. Swiss typical spelt varieties were characterized by highly extensible doughs, later phenology, low harvest index, high thousand kernel weights, and lower Zeleny/protein ratio. By linking phenotypic characteristics, easily measurable in fields, to the underlying genetic information of each variety, these results will help to better classify spelt varieties in Switzerland and pave the way for more clarity and transparency on the Swiss spelt market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to explore the diverse phenotypic characteristics of moso bamboo in China and pinpoint essential characteristics of moso bamboo. In this study, 63 grids were selected using the grid method to investigate 28 phenotypic traits of moso bamboo across the entire distribution area of China. The results suggest that the phenotypic traits of moso bamboo exhibit rich diversity, with coefficients of variation ranging from 5.87% to 36.57%. The phenotypic traits of moso bamboo showed varying degrees of correlation. A principal component analysis was used to identify seven main phenotypic trait indicators: diameter at breast height (DBH), leaf area (LA), leaf weight (LW), branch-to-leaf ratio (BLr), leaf moisture content (Lmc), wall-to-cavity ratio (WCr), and node length at breast height (LN), which accounted for 81.64% of the total information. A random forest model was used, which gave good results to validate the results. The average combined phenotypic trait value (D-value) of most germplasm was 0.563. The highest D-value was found in Wuyi 1 moso in Fujian (0.803), while the lowest D-value was observed in Pingle 2 moso in Guangxi (0.317). The clustering analysis of phenotypic traits classified China's moso bamboo germplasm into four groups. Group I had the highest D-value and is an important candidate germplasm for excellent germplasm screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences is the property of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Northwest A & F University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are few reports related to the presence of Spiranthes spiralis in the Oltenia region in southern Romania. This study develops the information concerning the presence of this type of orchid in Gorj County. The studies on the populations of this orchid species have been conducted in the Natura 2000 site of the Community ROSCI0045 Jiului Corridor. In the researched territory, during the investigations, twelve populations of Spiranthes spiralis were sampled for the first time. In 2022–2023, we studied the distribution of this species and assessed its population densities. Our observations indicate that it is a relatively widespread species in the studied area and its populations are more abundant in meadows, in the Medicagini minimae–Festucetum valesiacae plant community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to explore the diverse phenotypic characteristics of moso bamboo in China and pinpoint essential characteristics of moso bamboo. In this study, 63 grids were selected using the grid method to investigate 28 phenotypic traits of moso bamboo across the entire distribution area of China. The results suggest that the phenotypic traits of moso bamboo exhibit rich diversity, with coefficients of variation ranging from 5.87% to 36.57%. The phenotypic traits of moso bamboo showed varying degrees of correlation. A principal component analysis was used to identify seven main phenotypic trait indicators: diameter at breast height (DBH), leaf area (LA), leaf weight (LW), branch-to-leaf ratio (BLr), leaf moisture content (Lmc), wall-to-cavity ratio (WCr), and node length at breast height (LN), which accounted for 81.64% of the total information. A random forest model was used, which gave good results to validate the results. The average combined phenotypic trait value (D-value) of most germplasm was 0.563. The highest D-value was found in Wuyi 1 moso in Fujian (0.803), while the lowest D-value was observed in Pingle 2 moso in Guangxi (0.317). The clustering analysis of phenotypic traits classified China’s moso bamboo germplasm into four groups. Group I had the highest D-value and is an important candidate germplasm for excellent germplasm screening.

Chemical induction (inhibition of polar body II release) and crossing between tetraploid and diploid oysters (mating triploids) are 2 distinct and typical methods for obtaining triploids, and systematic comparative analysis on the phenotypic traits of these two triploids is rare. We tracked and compared the growth, survival, reproductive characteristics and ploidy composition of diploids, induced triploids, and mating triploids, and conducted interaction analysis between genotypes and sites. The results showed that the shell height of larvae showed a significant decrease trend of 3 NTD > 3 NCB > 2 N, while the D larval rate and survival rate of 3 NCB were the lowest, which may be related to the long-term effects of CB toxicity. During offshore farming, from the 180th to 700th day, the shell heights of the three groups followed a significantly decreasing order at both sites, namely 3 NTD > 3 NCB > 2 N (except on the 270th day at Beihai site), and the triploid advantage of shell height in 3 NTD was generally higher than that in 3 NCB, with the same trend in the whole weight. Genotypes and sites always had significant effects on shell height, but their interactions were not significant. The incremental survival rates of the 2 triploid groups were higher than that of the diploid at both sites on the 270th and 700th day, while that of the 3 NTD was significantly higher than the 3 NCB only on the 270th day. In addition, both triploids had some individuals fertile and could produce mature gametes, but the proportion was much lower than that of diploids. Triploid gonadal development is characterized by feminization and a high proportion of hermaphroditism. The fertility ratio and gamete production of 3 NTD were higher than that of 3 NCB, but the relatively high fertility of 3 NTD had no significant effect on its growth and survival. Ploidy composition tracking found that the ploidy composition of 2 N and 3 NTD groups was stable, but the ploidy composition of 3 NCB varied over time. These results indicate that 3 NTD has better performance and higher triploid advantages than 3 NCB, making it more suitable for the commercial production and promotion of triploid C. hongkongensis. • First systematic comparison study of induced triploid, mated triploid and diploid C. hongkongensis. • Both 3 NCB and 3 NTD had significant growth and survival advantages, and fertility disadvantages over 2 N. • 3 NTD had higher growth traits and higher survival rate than 3 NCB at both sites. • 3 NTD had a stable ploidy, and had the higher fertility ratio and mature gametes than 3 NCB. • 3 NTD has better performance and is suitable for commercial promotion farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]