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Background: The aetiology of Sleep bruxism includes specific personality traits, related to perfectionism. Aim: To investigate the relationship between probable sleep bruxism (PSB) and personality traits in children and their parents, determining whether children with PSB and their parents are more perfectionists. Design: This case–control study included 104 children aged 8–9 years, 52 cases and 52 controls. A clinical examination was performed on the children who completed the Big Five Personality Questionnaire (BFQ‐NA) and the Child Perfectionism Inventory. Parents completed a bruxism diagnostic questionnaire according to the AASM criteria, BFQ and Frost multidimensional perfectionism scale questionnaires. t‐Tests for independent samples and multivariate logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. Results: A significant relationship between PSB and a self‐demanding personality (OR = 1.11, p =.01), restless sleep (OR = 4.41, p =.004), and a family history of clenching and grinding teeth (OR = 3.07, p =.0006) was found in a binary logistic regression model. When adjusted, only restless sleep showed a significant relationship with PSB (p =.03, OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.13–9.81). Conclusion: Children whose parents reported as clenching or grinding their teeth while asleep in the previous 6 months, and who were found to have abnormal dental wear, had significantly more nightmares, sleep disruption, daytime sleepiness, family history of bruxism, and tended to be more perfectionist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With considerable debate concerning the impact of culture on the expression of callous–unemotional (CU) traits, it is unclear whether the core features of CU traits generalize to youth across cultures. This study aimed to examine whether cultural differences are reflected in the core features of CU traits and the associations among these features. Network analysis was employed to identify the core features and to examine the network structure of CU traits operationalized by the Inventory of Callous Unemotional traits (ICU) in four community youth samples from different nations (Australia, N = 190; the UK, N = 437; the USA, N = 330; China, N = 503). The item "Apologizes to people" was identified as a cross-cultural core feature in the ICU network with a greater centrality of this item compared to others in all four samples. In addition, some items were identified as culture-specific core features in the network, differing in their centrality across samples. The network structures of the youth self-report ICU items were moderately similar across samples, while the structures of parent-report items showed substantial differences. These findings have important implications for cross-cultural research on CU traits as well as practical implications for screening and treatment. The core features of ICU appear to be generalizable in youth across cultures, although cultural-specific manifestations should be noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alcohol, the most consumed drug in the United States, is associated with various psychological disorders and abnormal personality traits. Despite extensive research on adolescent alcohol consumption, the impact of early alcohol sipping patterns on changes in personality and mental health over time remains unclear. There is also limited information on the latent trajectory of early alcohol sipping, beginning as young as 9–10 years old. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is crucial for cognitive control and response inhibition. However, the role of the dACC remains unclear in the relationship between early alcohol sipping and mental health outcomes and personality traits over time. Methods: Utilizing the large data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (N = 11,686, 52% males, 52% white, mean [SD] age 119 [7.5] months, 9807 unique families, 22 sites), we aim to comprehensively examine the longitudinal impact of early alcohol sipping patterns on psychopathological measures and personality traits in adolescents, filling crucial gaps in the literature. Results: We identified three latent alcohol sipping groups, each demonstrating distinct personality traits and depression score trajectories. Bilateral dACC activation during the stop‐signal task moderated the effect of early alcohol sipping on personality and depression over time. Additionally, bidirectional effects were observed between alcohol sipping and personality traits. Conclusions: This study provides insights into the impact of early alcohol consumption on adolescent development. The key finding of our analysis is that poor response inhibition at baseline, along with increased alcohol sipping behaviors may accelerate the changes in personality traits and depression scores over time as individuals transition from childhood into adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study builds on earlier research locating individual differences in religious affect within the three dimensional space proposed by Eysenck. The 18-item Junior Personality Scales in Three Dimensions (JPS3D) were designed to refine Eysenck's conceptualisation of the three dimensions of personality and to improve measurement of these dimensions among children by employing a five-point rating scale. Data provided by 1048 students in fourth class, by 1044 students in fifth class, and by 1079 students in sixth class within Church of Ireland (Anglican) primary schools in the Republic of Ireland confirmed the clear factor structure of the 18 items on a varimax rotated solution, demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency reliability for the three indices in terms of Cronbach's alpha, and supported construct validity. Positive religious affect was associated with lower toughmindedness scores and higher extraversion scores, but independent of anxiety scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]