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Illuminated medieval manuscripts are of outstanding value and their preservation is of great importance, not only because of their beauty but also because of the information they contain about medieval society. This work focuses on the evaluation of the parchment's state of preservation of the Prayer book of Mary of Guelders, which comprises about 600 folios. The knowledge gained should support the decision-making process regarding suitable conservation measures. An assessment of the preservation state of the parchment was performed from the macro- down to the microscale. Optical observations of cracks in the parchment and colour measurements preceded chemical analyses. The hydrothermal stability of the fibres was evaluated by means of observations using a micro hot table (MHT). The chemical state of preservation of parchment was evaluated using Laboratory-based Fourier transform (FT) Infrared (IR) analysis in reflection mode as well as synchrotron FTIR imaging in transmission mode at the IRIS beamline at BESSY II/ HZB in Berlin. The study allowed the conclusion that the parchment of the Prayer book of Mary of Guelders was in good state of preservation and indicated that the parchment changes were mainly caused by mechanical stress on the folios due to tight binding of the book and not by chemical processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The publication in 2007 of a complete text of Galen's De indolentia has stimulated a renewed interest in Galen as a source for Roman book culture, especially the early history of the codex. One phrase at De indolentia 33 is particularly important in these discussions, διφθέρας πυκτάς ("fist-sized parchments"). In 2010, the Budé edition of De indolentia emended this phrase to read διφθέρας π<τ>υκτάς ("folded parchments"). This note argues that the emendation is unnecessary because the Greek phrase πυκταὶ διφθέραι is a sensible calque for the Latin pugillares membranei , which Martial used to describe parchment codices decades before Galen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]