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This research, characterized as exploratory and participant based on a theoretical study, focuses on the child's cognitive, emotional and social development process in the first three years of life, seeking to build an understanding of how this process is influenced by the reference adult and/or or by the mother-adult, Meneghetti's concept. In this bias, we ensure the importance of the prepared adult, concept of Maria Montessori, and we begin its practical aspect in the relationship with the child from our empirical experience in private and public schools and early childhood education projects. The research reflects on practical experiences, especially in the classroom, through the theoretical study primarily of works by Antonio Meneghetti and Maria Montessori. The adult is a guide and a point of reference for the child, playing the role of mediating the child's relationship with the world, with the important function of facilitating the construction of the child's autonomy for the development of his or her natural potential, from their first years of life, which are the basis for all their development in all subsequent stages of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]