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In both physical and virtual environments, small group interactions significantly shape our social experiences. Understanding and replicating situated group interactions with virtual agents or physical robots pose possibilities and challenges. Central to these challenges lies the critical aspect of politeness, which serves as a fundamental cornerstone in shaping our social interactions. This PhD thesis investigates the profound significance of politeness strategies in shaping social interactions within small free-standing conversational groups in physical and virtual environments with humanoid artificial agents. It particularly focuses on their adaptability to virtual characters or Embodied Conversational Agents (ECAs) and Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). The thesis explores the impact of these strategies on persuasiveness, adherence to social norms, and the formation of positive perceptions during interactions between participants and virtual agents or humanoid robots while joining a group of artificial humanoid agents. It involves a series of user studies with an experimental setup, which entails presenting participants with dilemmas in either a virtual or physical environment. Participants should decide between expending more effort to comply with the agent’s request or opting for a least-effort alternative to join a group while ignoring the request. Additionally, the setup evaluates participant responses to various politeness strategies expressed by virtual agents or robots when extending invitations to join a small, free-standing group. The research contributes by defining behaviors aligned with politeness strategies, revealing participant adherence to social norms even in situations requiring more effortful choices, and pinpointing optimal behaviors based on criteria such as persuasiveness, politeness, and social adherence. Ultimately, the findings provide insights into the indispensable role of politeness strategies in Human-Agent Interaction to gently influenc, I både fysiska och virtuella miljöer formar små gruppinteraktioner avsevärt våra sociala upplevelser. Att förstå och replikera sammanhangsbaserade gruppinteraktioner med virtuella agenter eller fysiska robotar innebär möjligheter och utmaningar. Centralt för dessa utmaningar är den kritiska aspekten andående artighet, som fungerar som en grundläggande hörnsten i att forma våra sociala interaktioner. Denna doktorsavhandling undersöker den djupa betydelsen av artighetsstrategier för att forma sociala interaktioner inom små fristående samtalsgrupper i fysiska och virtuella miljöer med humanoida artificiella agenter. Den fokuserar särskilt på deras anpassningsförmåga till virtuella karaktärer eller Embodied Conversational Agents (ECA) och Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). Avhandlingen undersöker effekten av dessa strategier på övertalningsförmåga, efterlevnad av sociala normer och bildandet av positiva uppfattningar under interaktioner mellan deltagare och virtuella agenter eller humanoida robotar samtidigt som de ansluter till en grupp artificiella humanoida agenter. Den består av en serie användarstudier med experimentupplägg, vilket innebär att deltagarna ställs inför dilemman i antingen en virtuell eller fysisk miljö. Deltagarna får välja mellan att lägga ner mer ansträngning på att följa agentens begäran eller välja ett minst ansträngningsalternativ för att ansluta till en grupp samtidigt som de ignorerar begäran. Dessutom utvärderar experimentet deltagarnas svar på olika artighetsstrategier som uttrycks av virtuella agenter eller robotar när de inbjuder till att ansluta till en små, fristående grupp. Forskningen bidrar genom att definiera beteenden i linje med artighetsstrategier, avslöja deltagarnas efterlevnad av sociala normer även i situationer som kräver mer ansträngande val, och fastställa optimala beteenden baserat på kriterier som övertalningsförmåga, artighet och social efterlevnad. Slutligen ger resultaten insikter i den oumbärliga rollen av artighetsstrate, QC 20240212

In recent years, the growing pervasiveness of wearable technology has created new opportunities for medical and emergency rescue operations to protect users' health and safety, such as cost-effective medical solutions, more convenient healthcare and quick hospital treatments, which make it easier for the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to evolve. The study first presents an overview of the IoMT before introducing the IoMT architecture. Later, it portrays an overview of the core technologies of the IoMT, including cloud computing, big data and artificial intelligence, and it elucidates their utilization within the healthcare system. Further, several emerging challenges, such as cost-effectiveness, security, privacy, accuracy and power consumption, are discussed, and potential solutions for these challenges are also suggested.

Sonification and sonic interaction design aim to create meaningful displays and digital interactions using data and information from the most disparate fields (astronomy, finance, health, security, for example) as the basis of the design. To date there are no standards and conventions on how to meaningfully link data to sound, therefore designers develop these connections on a case-by-case basis. Participatory workshops which target end-users and domain experts are a way for sound designers to find meaningful connections between data and sounds at the start of the design process so that final outcomes are more likely to be effective and accepted by users.In this paper, we present and discuss the participatory workshop methods we have developed within the \textit{Sound for Energy} project. In particular, we will highlight the aspects that can be easily transferable to other target domains. With this, we contribute to the effort of making sonification and sonic interaction design a more viable and accepted alternative to traditional, usually visual, displays., QC 20240515

In recent years, the growing pervasiveness of wearable technology has created new opportunities for medical and emergency rescue operations to protect users' health and safety, such as cost-effective medical solutions, more convenient healthcare and quick hospital treatments, which make it easier for the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to evolve. The study first presents an overview of the IoMT before introducing the IoMT architecture. Later, it portrays an overview of the core technologies of the IoMT, including cloud computing, big data and artificial intelligence, and it elucidates their utilization within the healthcare system. Further, several emerging challenges, such as cost-effectiveness, security, privacy, accuracy and power consumption, are discussed, and potential solutions for these challenges are also suggested.

In recent years, the growing pervasiveness of wearable technology has created new opportunities for medical and emergency rescue operations to protect users' health and safety, such as cost-effective medical solutions, more convenient healthcare and quick hospital treatments, which make it easier for the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to evolve. The study first presents an overview of the IoMT before introducing the IoMT architecture. Later, it portrays an overview of the core technologies of the IoMT, including cloud computing, big data and artificial intelligence, and it elucidates their utilization within the healthcare system. Further, several emerging challenges, such as cost-effectiveness, security, privacy, accuracy and power consumption, are discussed, and potential solutions for these challenges are also suggested.

Denna studie har ämnat att undersöka hur Uncanny Valley-fenomenet påverkat digitala karaktärer ur ett nutida perspektiv och hur resultatet kopplas till utvecklingen av ny teknologi. Detta har utförts genom att se över vilka skillnader som observerats idag jämfört med en studie utförd 2009 av Tinwell (2009). 37 deltagare fick titta på 13 videoklipp av karaktärer i olika grader av grafisk realism och stil för att sedan svara på frågor i ett frågeformulär. Resultaten från studien visade på att dagens spelkaraktärer som de framvisade i denna studie med tanke på teknologiska framsteg och förbättringar inom design och grafisk realism, framgångsrikt minskat den upplevda Uncanny Valley-effekten jämfört med äldre karaktärer som de framvisade av Tinwell (2009).

Målet med denna studie var att vidare undersöka den retrografiska trenden som har förekommit i indie-skräckspel under senare tid, där indie-spelutvecklare utnyttjar nostalgisk, lågteknologisk grafik i sina skräck-verk. Syftet var att urskilja vad som gör nostalgiska representationer användbart för grafisk utveckling av skräckspel, hur dessa representationer går att applicera för att möjligtvis framkalla skräck. Tjugo spel utvalda från spelhemsidan Itch.io analyserades i en kvalitativ undersökning med utgångspunkt från olika grafiska kategorier: miljö, atmosfär och ljus; User Interface; karaktärer och varelser; animation; interagerbara objekt samt effekter och kamera. Dessa fungerade som grund för en bred överblick över de grafiska stilarna i samtliga spel, samt för att belysa intressanta användningsområden av vanligt förekommande aspekter av grafisk stil som dessa kategorier utgör. Till stor del utmärkte sig kategorin “effekter och kamera”, där effekter relaterade till psykologisk association och svindel framkom.

In the field of robotics and self-navigation, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is a technique crucial for estimating poses while concurrently creating a map of the environment. Robotics applications often rely on various sensors for pose estimation, including cameras, inertial measurement units (IMUs), and more. Traditional discrete SLAM, utilizing stereo camera pairs and inertial measurement units, faces challenges such as time offsets between sensors. A solution to this issue is the utilization of continuous-time models for pose estimation. This thesis delves into the exploration and implementation of a continuous-time SLAM system, investigating the advantages of multi-modal sensor fusion over discrete stereo vision models. The findings indicate that incorporating an IMU into the system enhances pose estimation, providing greater robustness and accuracy compared to relying solely on visual SLAM. Furthermore, leveraging the continuous model's derivative and smoothness allows for decent pose estimation with fewer measurements, reducing the required quantity of measurements and computational resources.

Night vision goggles (NVGs) are optical devices used to enhance human vision at low light conditions such as nighttime. The image seen through the goggles is brightened but with the consequence of introduced visual limitations and illusions. Because of this, fighter pilots need to undergo proper training with such equipment before operating with them in real-life. An NVG simulation within a Mixed Reality (MR) flight simulator can in theory be used to build the skills needed and directly translate them into real life. In this thesis, an NVG effect was added to a video see-through camera feed(VST) such that a whole NVG simulation could be experienced in an MR flight simulator. Furthermore, a method to seamlessly integrate the VST into the nocturnal virtual world was proposed. By conducting a semi structured interview with an NVG expert, the experienced realism, presence, and training value of the implemented effects were measured. A thematic analysis of the gathered interview data provided insight into the most important themes regarding NVG simulations within an MR flight simulator., Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet

Avatars are used more and more in online communication, in both games and socialmedia. At the same time technology for facial puppetry, where expressions of the user aretransferred to the avatar, has developed rapidly. Why is it that facial puppetry, despite this,is conspicuous by its absence? This thesis analyzes the available and upcoming solutions for facial puppetry, if a com-mon framework or library can exist and what can be done to simplify the process for de-velopers who wants to implement facial puppetry. A survey was conducted to get a better understanding of the technology. It showedthat there is no standard yet for how to describe facial expressions, but part of the marketis converging towards a common format. It also showed that there is no existing inter-face that can handle communication with tracking devices or translation between differentexpression formats. Several prototypes for recording and streaming facial expression data from differentsources were implemented as a practical test. This was done to evaluate the complexity ofimplementing real-time facial puppetry. It showed that it is not always possible to integratethe available tracking solutions into an existing project. When integration was possible itrequired a lot of work. The best way to get tracking right now seems to be to implement astandalone program for tracking that streams the tracked data to the main application. In summary it is the poor integrability of the solutions that makes it problematic forthe developers, together with a wide variety of facial expression formats. A software thatacts like a bridge between the tracking solutions and the game could allow for translationbetween different formats and simplify implementation of support. In the future, instead of working towards making all tracking solutions output stan-dardized tracking data, research further how to build a framework that can handle differ-ent configurations., Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet

This study evaluates whether generative AI tools built on the language model GPT-3 can streamline the processes of digital marketing agencies. The method used for gathering qualitative data was two sets of semi-structured individual interviews with different digital marketing agencies. The agencies were interviewed regarding frequent processes, AI usage, and attitudes toward the technology. Two ChatGPT experiments were conducted to get the interviewees’ insights on its use and the results. The data was categorized with the help of qualitative content analysis. Previous research and journals were additionally used to discuss the potential and consequences of AI, GPT in general, and GPT-3. Information about the different tools that use GPT-3 was collected through websites, articles, and blogs. The study’s data shows that tools using GPT-3 can streamline repetitive or time-consuming processes within ideation, content production, data analysis, personalized customer interactions, and increase productivity within digital marketing agencies. The tools’ tendencies to produce discriminating, faulty, generic, or uncreative information nevertheless create the need for constant human monitoring, source criticism, post-processing, and complementing with creative inputs. Researchers recommend the method of post-processing generative AI results. Digital marketing agencies have already begun implementing this method. Agencies’ attitudes toward the technology’s future within the industry are generally positive. The technology might, according to the interviewed agencies, become a threat to digital marketing professions in the future. This threat may occur if AI develops the creative ability to produce material that evokes emotions in the same way humans currently can. The agencies also believe that the technological change within the industry will come with new copyright laws, regulations, and pricing structures emphasizing creativity and competence.

In the field of robotics and self-navigation, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is a technique crucial for estimating poses while concurrently creating a map of the environment. Robotics applications often rely on various sensors for pose estimation, including cameras, inertial measurement units (IMUs), and more. Traditional discrete SLAM, utilizing stereo camera pairs and inertial measurement units, faces challenges such as time offsets between sensors. A solution to this issue is the utilization of continuous-time models for pose estimation. This thesis delves into the exploration and implementation of a continuous-time SLAM system, investigating the advantages of multi-modal sensor fusion over discrete stereo vision models. The findings indicate that incorporating an IMU into the system enhances pose estimation, providing greater robustness and accuracy compared to relying solely on visual SLAM. Furthermore, leveraging the continuous model's derivative and smoothness allows for decent pose estimation with fewer measurements, reducing the required quantity of measurements and computational resources.

Avatars are used more and more in online communication, in both games and socialmedia. At the same time technology for facial puppetry, where expressions of the user aretransferred to the avatar, has developed rapidly. Why is it that facial puppetry, despite this,is conspicuous by its absence? This thesis analyzes the available and upcoming solutions for facial puppetry, if a com-mon framework or library can exist and what can be done to simplify the process for de-velopers who wants to implement facial puppetry. A survey was conducted to get a better understanding of the technology. It showedthat there is no standard yet for how to describe facial expressions, but part of the marketis converging towards a common format. It also showed that there is no existing inter-face that can handle communication with tracking devices or translation between differentexpression formats. Several prototypes for recording and streaming facial expression data from differentsources were implemented as a practical test. This was done to evaluate the complexity ofimplementing real-time facial puppetry. It showed that it is not always possible to integratethe available tracking solutions into an existing project. When integration was possible itrequired a lot of work. The best way to get tracking right now seems to be to implement astandalone program for tracking that streams the tracked data to the main application. In summary it is the poor integrability of the solutions that makes it problematic forthe developers, together with a wide variety of facial expression formats. A software thatacts like a bridge between the tracking solutions and the game could allow for translationbetween different formats and simplify implementation of support. In the future, instead of working towards making all tracking solutions output stan-dardized tracking data, research further how to build a framework that can handle differ-ent configurations., Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet

Night vision goggles (NVGs) are optical devices used to enhance human vision at low light conditions such as nighttime. The image seen through the goggles is brightened but with the consequence of introduced visual limitations and illusions. Because of this, fighter pilots need to undergo proper training with such equipment before operating with them in real-life. An NVG simulation within a Mixed Reality (MR) flight simulator can in theory be used to build the skills needed and directly translate them into real life. In this thesis, an NVG effect was added to a video see-through camera feed(VST) such that a whole NVG simulation could be experienced in an MR flight simulator. Furthermore, a method to seamlessly integrate the VST into the nocturnal virtual world was proposed. By conducting a semi structured interview with an NVG expert, the experienced realism, presence, and training value of the implemented effects were measured. A thematic analysis of the gathered interview data provided insight into the most important themes regarding NVG simulations within an MR flight simulator., Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet

In recent years, the growing pervasiveness of wearable technology has created new opportunities for medical and emergency rescue operations to protect users' health and safety, such as cost-effective medical solutions, more convenient healthcare and quick hospital treatments, which make it easier for the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to evolve. The study first presents an overview of the IoMT before introducing the IoMT architecture. Later, it portrays an overview of the core technologies of the IoMT, including cloud computing, big data and artificial intelligence, and it elucidates their utilization within the healthcare system. Further, several emerging challenges, such as cost-effectiveness, security, privacy, accuracy and power consumption, are discussed, and potential solutions for these challenges are also suggested.

The boundaries of what replayability is has been explored and in this work we have attempted to find out if visual changes in the game world could become a cornerstone of how replayability is viewed. Is it possible to use image generation to quickly iterate alternative visual environments– all in order to enhance the want of discovering more within a video game? This thesis aims to delve deeper into understanding what replayability is and how it can be further developed with the help of AI image generation. By examining and modifying generated images, we can see what an AI image generator does well and how to achieve the desired results. In the study we produce and discuss the responses from a survey about replayability, in which 160 people participated. This paper also explores whether AI image generation has a place in the gaming industry and if it can promote replayability by using generated images as inspiration and reference material when building up digital and dynamic worlds., Ramarna inom hur återspelbarhet är och ser ut har undersökts och i detta arbete har vi försökt ta reda på om visuella förändringar i spelvärlden kan komma att bli en grundpelare i hur vi ser återspelbarhet i framtiden. Kan man med hjälp av bildgenerering snabbt iterera alternativa visuella miljöer som går att applicera i spelmiljöer för att utöka känslan av att vilja upptäcka mer. Undersökningen tar reda på vad återspelbarhet är och hur det kan utvecklas vidare med hjälp av AI-bildgenerering. Genom att granska genererade bilder och förändra dem kan vi se vad en AI-bildgenerator gör bra och hur man ska gå tillväga för att producera önskvärt resultat . I undersökningen producerar och diskuterar vi svaren från en enkät som handlar om återspelbarhet, där 160 personer deltog. I denna undersökning så tar vi även reda på om AI-bildgenerering har en plats inom spelindustrin för att främja återspelbarhet genom att använda dess genererade bilder till inspiration och referensmaterial när man bygger upp digitala dynamiska världar.

Augmented Reality (AR) can be used to enhance students’ geometry learning as an effective and innovative technique. It allows students to gain a deeper understanding of geometric concepts through rich, interactive learning experiences. In addition to creating attractive educational environments, AR can encourage the participation and interaction of students in the learning process. The main focus of this master thesis was to design, develop and evaluate a prototype to provide an interactive learning environment for students, to be used as an educational aid tool in schools. This prototype was designed and implemented using the Unity game engine and the Vuforia engine. Students (n=7) and teachers (n=4) evaluated the Geometry Learning Tool (GLT) prototype. Using a laptop (with a webcam) and a number of AR markers, students discovered geometric concepts such as different types of triangles, quadrilaterals, and pentagons, and got to know their characteristics. Students directly constructed and interacted with these geometric shapes. Based on the analysis of the data gathered from the user study, the prototype was regarded as user-friendly and engaging. The assessment of various metrics, including user feedback and observations, demonstrates the usability (mean SUS score of 93.93) and user engagement (mean UES-SF overall score of 4.56) of the prototype.

This thesis explores the application of prompt engineering combined with human-AI interaction (HAII) to make text-to-image (TTI) models more accessible and intuitive for non-expert users. The thesis research focuses on developing an application with an intuitive interface that enables users to generate images without extensive knowledge of prompt engineering. A pre-post study was conducted to evaluate the application, demonstrating significant improvements in user satisfaction and ease of use. The findings suggest that such tailored interfaces can make AI technologies more accessible, empowering users to engage creatively with minimal technical barriers. This study contributes to the fields of Media technology and AI by showcasing how simplifying prompt engineering can enhance the accessibility of generative AI tools., Detta examensarbete utforskar tillämpningen av prompt engineering i kombination med human-AI interaction för att göra text-till-bild modeller mer tillgängliga och intuitiva för icke-experter. Forskningen för examensarbetet fokuseras på att utveckla en applikation med ett intuitivt gränssnitt som gör det möjligt för användare att generera bilder utan omfattande kunskaper om prompt engineering. En före-efter-studie genomfördes för att utvärdera applikationen, vilket visade på en tydlig ökning i användarnöjdhet och användarvänlighet. Utfallet från studien tyder på att skräddarsydda gränssnitt kan göra AI-tekniken mer tillgänglig, och göra det möjligt för användare att nyttja det kreativa skapandet med minimerade tekniska hinder. Den här studien bidrar till områdena avmedieteknik och AI genom att demonstrera hur prompt engineering kan förenklas vilket kan förbättra tillgängligheten av AI-verktyg.

Denna studie undersökte effekterna av spelifiering på aktivitetsnivån hos individer med en övervägande stillasittande livsstil. Studien omfattade 14 deltagare i åldrarna 18-60 år, där 42.9% var män och 57.1% var kvinnor. Genom att integrera spelifieringselement som poäng, märken och topplistor i en mobilapplikation, syftade studien till att undersöka om dessa kunde främja fysisk aktivitet och bidra till hälsosammare beteendemönster. Studien använde både kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder, där deltagarnas aktivitetsnivåer före och efter interventionen jämfördes genom statistiska tester. Resultaten visade dock ingen signifikant förändring i aktivitetsnivåer (p > 0,05). Den genomsnittliga upplevda aktivitetsnivån minskade marginellt från 6,00 till 5,86, medan genomsnittet för antal aktiva gånger per vecka ökade från 4,07 till 4,64. Den dagliga stillasittande tiden minskade något på arbetsplatsen från 4,43 till 3,86 timmar, men ökade utanför arbetsplatsen från 3,29 till 3,50 timmar. Slutsatsen drogs därmed att spelifiering baserat på studien inte gav en positiv förändring i deltagarnas aktivitetsmönster. Studien diskuterade möjliga förklaringar till dessa resultat, såsom interventionsperiodens längd och deltagarnas mottaglighet för spelifiering. Framtida forskning uppmuntras att utforska längre interventionsperioder, mer målgruppsanpassad spelifiering samt en bredare deltagargrupp., This study examined the effects of gamification on the activity levels of individuals with a predominantly sedentary lifestyle. The study included 14 participants aged 18-60 years, of which 42.9% were men and 57.1% were women. By integrating gamification elements such as points, badges, and leaderboards into a mobile application, the study aimed to investigate whether these could promote physical activity and contribute to healthier behavior patterns. The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods, comparing participants' activity levels before and after the intervention through statistical tests. The results showed no significant change in activity levels (p > 0.05). The average perceived activity level decreased marginally from 6.00 to 5.86, while the average number of active times per week increased from 4.07 to 4.64. Daily sedentary time decreased slightly at the workplace from 4.43 to 3.86 hours, but increased outside the workplace from 3.29 to 3.50 hours. The conclusion was that gamification, based on the study, did not result in a positive change in participants' activity patterns. The study discussed possible explanations for these results, such as the duration of the intervention and participants' receptiveness to gamification. Future research is encouraged to explore longer intervention periods, more targeted gamification, and a broader participant group.

Den här uppsatsen studerar användbarheten i ett avvikelsehanteringssystem designat för små tillmedelstora företag. Studien, som är i samarbete med Boards on Fire, inkluderar utvecklingen ochutvärderingen av ett nytt avvikelsehanteringssystem anpassat för de varierande behov som finns ismå till medelstora företag. En förstudie låg till grund för utvecklingen av systemet, däranvändbarheten utvärderades genom användartester. Sju deltagare utförde testerna, därkvalitativa data samlades in med hjälp av Think aloud-metoden. Teman som identifieradesgenom tematisk analys visar att användarna fann systemet ha ett tydligt flöde och effektiva,användarvänliga funktioner. Vissa utmaningar upptäcktes dock i förbättringssektionen avsystemet. Systemets användbarhet bekräftades kvantitativt med hjälp av System Usability Scale(SUS), där medelpoängen indikerar en god användbarhet. Framtida forskning bör fokusera på attutvärdera systemet i en naturlig miljö och involvera ett bredare spektrum av företag för attbekräfta dess tillämpbarhet inom olika industrier.

Denna studie undersöker hur övergången från fysisk till digital marknadsföring påverkar konsumentbeteendet inom svensk detaljhandel. Genom intervjuer och enkäter utforskas branschstrategier och utmaningar i den digitala transformationen. Studien analyserar företagens marknadsföringsstrategier och konsumentreaktioner för att ge insikter om digitaliseringens effekt på köpmönster och varumärkesrelationer. Genom att förstå dessa förändringar kan företag bättre anpassa sig för att möta kundernas behov i den digitala eran och behålla sin konkurrenskraft. Metoden inkluderar en enkät med 80 respondenter, fyra kvalitativa intervjuer och en systematisk litteraturundersökning för att samla relevanta teorier. Studiens resultat visade hur både företag och konsumenter ser på övergången från fysisk till digital marknadsföring. Resultatet visar att en tydlig trend är företagens strävan att skapa en personlig interaktion med sina kunder genom att kombinera fysiska och digitala marknadsföringskanaler. Detta inkluderar aktiv närvaro på sociala medier, målinriktade annonser och engagerade kampanjer för att öka medvetenheten om varumärket och locka fler konsumenter till köp. Vidare har betydelsen av varumärkesnärvaro och förtroende ökat. Genom ärlig och transparent kommunikation kan företag bygga och upprätthålla förtroende, vilket i sin tur påverkar konsumenternas lojalitet till varumärket. Det framgår också att ärlighet, transparens och autenticitet är centrala faktorer för att bygga och upprätthålla förtroende hos kunderna. Slutsatserna från både enkätundersökningen och intervjuerna indikerar att digital närvaro och marknadsföring har en betydande inverkan på konsumentbeteende. Trots att de flesta enkätsvar inte direkt indikerade medvetna val grundade på digital marknadsföring, visade intervjuerna att konsumenter påverkas av digitala strategier och varumärkesnärvaro på sociala medier. Det betonar behovet av att företag fortsätter att anpassa sina marknadsföringsstrategier för att mö, This study investigates how the transition from physical to digital marketing affects consumer behavior within Swedish retail. Through interviews and surveys, the research explores industry strategies and challenges in the digital transformation. The study analyzes companies' marketing strategies and consumer reactions to provide insights into the impact of digitalization on purchasing patterns and brand relationships. By understanding these changes, companies can better adapt to meet customer needs in the digital era and maintain their competitiveness. The methodology includes a survey with 80 respondents, four qualitative interviews and a systematic literature review to gather relevant theories. The results of the study revealed how both companies and consumers perceive the transition from physical to digital marketing. The study show that a visible trend is companies' efforts to create personalized interaction with their customers by combining physical and digital marketing channels. This includes an active presence on social media, targeted advertisements, and engaging campaigns to increase brand awareness and attract more consumers to make purchases. Furthermore, the importance of brand presence and trust has increased. Through honest and transparent communication, companies can build and maintain trust, which positively affects consumer loyalty to the brand. It also emerged that honesty, transparency, and authenticity are key factors in building and maintaining trust with customers. The conclusions, from both the survey and the interviews, indicate that digital presence and marketing significantly impact consumer behavior. Although most survey responses did not directly indicate conscious choices based on digital marketing efforts, the interviews revealed that consumers are influenced by digital strategies and brand presence on social media. This underscores the need for companies to continually adapt their marketing strategies to meet customer expectations a

I dagens digitaliserade värld använder 4,45 miljarder sociala medier. Utav dessa befinner sig 120 miljoner registrerade användare på plattformen OnlyFans. Under coronapandemin växte plattformen explosionsartat vilket ledde till en spridning av information om OnlyFans i populärkultur och i media. Vårt syfte med denna kandidatuppsats är att studera informationsspridningen av OnlyFans via sociala medier. Utifrån denna kunskap vill vidare belysa hur unga kvinnors uppfattning om plattformen påverkas av denna sorts spridning av information. Baserat på teorierna weak ties och eWOM (elektronisk word-of-mouth) har vi tagit fram tre indikatorer för att skapa förståelse om unga kvinnors attityd gentemot OnlyFans. Dessa är attityd, övertygelse och trovärdighet. Information om OnlyFans sprids främst via sociala medier, inte minst av influencers. Med en feministisk ansats har vi med en metodkombination utav kvalitativa intervjuer och en kvantitativ enkät tagit del av unga kvinnors tankar och åsikter om plattformen. Resultatet visar en negativ attityd av den övervägande majoriteten av respondenterna. Med en redan negativ attityd visar respondenterna en svag övertygelse och trovärdighet mot plattformen och dess kreatörer. En intervju med en kreatör från plattformen har visat oss en glimt av OnlyFans som arbetsgivare. Slutligen, baserat på resultaten och analysen, har slutsatsen dragits att respondenterna har en negativ attityd, trovärdighet och övertygelse gentemot plattformen. Detta påverkar inte deras syn på kvinnan som kreatör utan mot den betalande mannen bakom skärmen.

Denna studie undersöker effekten av designelement samt strategier och dess påverkan av klickfrekvensen (CTR) på Instagram bland unga vuxna med ett intresse för teknik. Genom att använda både kvantitativa enkäter och kvalitativa fokusgrupper, baserade på tidigare forskning och teori inom digital marknadsföring, klickfrekvens, personanpassning, designelement samt strategier, syftar studien till att identifiera vilka designelement och strategier som kan öka användarens engagemang och därmed klickfrekvensen. Resultaten från studien bekräftar att annonser som är noggrant anpassade med fokus på visuella och interaktiva element som färgsättning, layout, text och dynamiskt innehåll, i betydande grad förbättrar användarinteraktionen. Även om studien bekräftar att välutformade, personanpassade annonser är kritiska för framgångsrik digital marknadsföring riktad mot unga vuxna med tekniskt intresse, lyfter den även fram hur avgörande noggrann analys av användardata och beteendemönster är för att optimera annonsernas effektivitet. Slutsatsen drar att personanpassade och visuellt tilltalande Instagram-annonser spelar en avgörande roll i att locka och engagera denna målgrupp trots deras begränsning., This study looks at how elements of design and strategies affect the click-through rate (CTR) on Instagram for young adults interested in technology. Using both quantitative surveys and qualitative focus groups, based on previous research in digital marketing, click-through rates, personalization, strategies and design elements, the aim is to find out which strategies and design elements increase user engagement and click-through rates. The results show that ads tailored with visual and interactive features like color schemes, layout, text, and dynamic content greatly improve user interaction. The study confirms that well-designed, personalized ads are essential for effective digital marketing targeted at young adults with a tech interest. It also emphasizes the importance of analyzing user data and behavior patterns to make ads more effective. The conclusion is that personalized and visually appealing Instagram ads are key to attracting and engaging this audience, despite some limitations.

The automatization of industries means that many industrial processes are overseen using user interfaces (UIs), which makes the user experience (UX) of these interfaces vital. The UX of interfaces in industries are not always prioritized by the companies that create them. This becomes an issue if the interfaces are not suitable for entry level users. The thesis was issued by a machine vision company who develops intelligent sensors for industries, with the intent to improve the UX of their interfaces. In this thesis, we evaluate and improve a configurable machine vision interface using a human-centered design process, with the aim to increase simplicity and efficiency of the interface to help make industries more automated and efficient. This includes evaluating the current interface, prototyping improvements, and evaluating those improvements. The current interface was evaluated by performing a heuristic evaluation, as well as interviews with stakeholders who knew the interface and common issues with it, and a user test with entry level users to figure out what they struggled with. All issues and findings were then compiled into a severity rating, which was the basis of what improvements were prototyped. Brainstorming, as well as sketching and wireframing, were performed before prototyping to ensure qualitative results. The second evaluation, on the prototype, was done by performing a user test where the prototype was compared to the original interface. It was concluded that a lot more help and guidance was needed, as well as a clearer workflow and a cleaner visual design. The prototyped improvements therefore contained a guide and improved tooltips, both with visual help. A timeline, some changes of positioning, and a less cluttered design were proposed as improvements of the workflow. The evaluation of the improvements showed that the guide and tooltips were especially appreciated, as well as the approach to only show the most important information to keep the in

The film industry has seen a significant shift towards utilising virtual production in the last decade. With demand for realism, photogrammetry has emerged as a preferred tool to create lifelike virtual counterparts of the real world. Independent movie makers, with its advantages and disadvantages, gained access to these methods only in the last couple of years. This research aims to investigate the usage of photogrammetry with virtual production for independent productions, with focus on different aspects of the methods as well as taking into consideration what is available to independent producers. As a result of the research, it is found that both virtual productions as well as photogrammetry are still not accessible for independent filmmakers. There is still a need for development and research into both methods before they can be considered to be accessible and sustainable for both the film industry and independent filmmakers., Filmindustrin har under det senaste decenniet sett en betydande förändring mot att använda virtuell produktion i filmskapande. Med denna förändring har fotogrammetri växt fram som ett verktyg för att skapa verklighetstrogna virtuella motsvarigheter till den verkliga världen. Dagens oberoende filmskapare har fått bättre tillgång till dessa teknikerna under de senaste åren men bara ett fåtal produktioner har använt sig av dessa tekniker. Denna forskning syftar till att undersöka användningen av fotogrammetri med virtuell produktion för oberoende produktioner, med fokus på olika aspekter av metoderna samt ta hänsyn till vad som är tillgängligt för oberoende producenter. Resultaten av forskningen har visat sig att både virtuella produktioner och fotogrammetri fortfarande inte är tillgängliga för oberoende filmskapare. Det finns fortfarande ett behov för utveckling och forskning kring båda metoderna innan de kan anses vara tillgängliga och hållbara för både filmindustrin och oberoende filmskapare.

This study investigates the impact of micro-interactions on user satisfaction within music applications, specifically examining the usability differences between simpler and more complex interactions. The research employs semi-structured interviews to assess user satisfaction with two different levels of micro-interaction complexity. The goal is to derive actionable insights for optimising user-centred design in digital music streaming platforms, ultimately enhancing user satisfaction. The semi-structured interview method is chosen for this study, with the assistance of A/B testing designed by the researchers to gain realistic and informative qualitative data. To analyse a large amount of qualitative data, thematic analysis is utilised as the analytic method. The results reveal a clear preference for simple micro-interactions. Participants found these interactions required fewer steps, were more intuitive, and demanded minimal cognitive effort, thereby avoiding information and feature overload. In contrast, complex micro-interactions often led to confusion and frustration due to unnecessary complexity and unclear iconography. Moreover, participants expressed a need for personalised and voice-activated interactions to enhance usability and accessibility in diverse contexts. These findings underscore the importance of designing micro-interactions that align with users' mental models and preferences. By prioritising simplicity, intuitiveness, and personalization, music streaming services can significantly improve user satisfaction and engagement.

Visual odometry (VO) plays an important role in robotics and autonomous navigation systems, enabling accurate estimation of camera motion from image sequences. This thesis investigates various aspects of Direct Sparse Odometry (DSO), a novel visual odometry algorithm known for its efficiency despite the use of a computationally heavy direct method. This efficiency is achieved through an unconventional photometric calibration process that ensures stability and accuracy, even in real-time applications. The research investigates the role and necessity of photometric calibration in DSO, aiming to enhance its appeal by potentially eliminating the need for constant recalibration. Systematic experiments and analysis evaluate the performance of various matching cost metrics, with a particular focus on Zero mean Normalized Cross Correlation (ZNCC). The performance was tested in various settings with different illumination levels, such as outdoors and indoors data, provided by the TUM monoVO dataset. By integrating ZNCC into DSO, the study explores its impact on the algorithms robustness and performance compared to the original calibrated version. Although the findings suggest that ZNCC alone may not completely replace photometric calibration, they highlight significant progress towards a calibration-free DSO. This research contributes to advancing the understanding of visual odometry algorithms and paves the way for further exploration into calibration-independent approaches, promising enhanced efficiency and applicability in real-world scenarios, Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet

Virtual Reality is rapidly growing in popularity. This new medium offers manypossibilities for those who wish to explore what the technology provides in the 3Denvironment. However, the design principles that have been used for decades revolvearound 2D surfaces and applying them in the 3D space can cause severalincompatibility issues that diminishes the user experience.This study aimed to help highlight what aspects of virtual reality need to be improvedcompared to non-virtual reality platforms to enhance the user experience. To do this,VRChat, a virtual reality platform was chosen, which can be used by both VR, and nonVR headset users alike. By comparing these two user bases it could help highlight thepros and cons of the current system and help give guidelines on how to create futureVR platforms. During the test period, 58 people participated who did specific tasks onthe platform and filled out the quantitative data gathering survey, based on the UserExperience Questionnaire (UEQ) test.After comparing the two user bases, the result shows that there is no significantdifference between using VRChat either way allowing both user bases to enjoy theplatform equally. However, because of these results, the work failed to highlight whataspects of a VR platform need to be changed to fit the needs of VR headset users. Itimplies the need for further research and experimenting with the medium. In the future,further research, testing and experimentation are needed to improve the current designmodels and make the systems more pleasant for VR headset users.

Detta kandidatarbete undersöker möjligheterna att använda 2D-illustrationer för att skapa inlevelsefulla upplevelser i virtuella miljöer, med särskilt fokus på behandling av fobier. Simulerade upplevelser i virtual reality (VR) har visat sig vara en effektiv exponeringsmetod i psykologiska behandlingar (Chai et al., 2023). Denna teknologi bidrar till en känsla av närvaro som efterliknar verkligheten, vilket ligger till grund för virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET). Enligt tidigare forskning är 2D-grafik mindre effektiv än 3D för att åstadkomma inlevelse (Dores et al., 2014; Lindner et al., 2021) och syftet med detta kandidatarbete är att återge 2D sin relevans inom VR-upplevelser. För att modernisera 2D-illustrationer och öka deras inlevelseförmåga används tekniker som 2.5D och panoramabilder. 2.5D skapar en illusion av djup i 2D-grafik, medan panoramabilder, oftast 360-graders fotografier, bidrar till att uppnå en tredimensionell känsla. Arbetet utforskar potentialen att skapa egna panoramiska 2D-illustrationer och kombinerar dessa för att uppnå en 2.5D-effekt genom att använda transparenta områden där flera panoramabilder kopplas samman i en komposition. Författarna är under intrycket att panoramiska 2.5D-illustrationer är en nyframtagen teknik. Arbetet genomgår en iterativ designprocess som innefattar användning av metoder som depth-, height och normal maps i Unreal Engine 5 (EpicGames, 2019), för att kontinuerligt förbättra och justera illustrationerna baserat på feedback. Tre illustrerade 2.5D-scener presenterades på en utställning, där besökare kunde betrakta de inlevelsefulla 2.5D-miljöerna i en VR-upplevelse. Den informellt insamlade kvantitativa datan från utställningen visade på en överväldigande positiv respons, vilket indikerar en ljus framtid för användandet av 2D-illustrationer som ett inlevelsefullt medium i VR. Resultatet visar att när 2D-illustrationer upplevs i 360-graders kompositioner förstärks betraktarens inlevelse och dess känsla, This bachelor thesis examines the possibilities to use 2D-illustrations to create immersive experiences in virtual environments, with a centered focus on phobia treatments. Simulated experiences in virtual reality (VR) is proven to be an effective exposure method in psychological treatments (Chai et al., 2023). This technology offers a sense of presence akin to real-life experiences, which is a key component in virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET). Previous research states that 2D-graphics are less effective than the 3D counterpart when it comes to achieving immersion (Dores et al., 2014; Lindner et al., 2021). The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to reinstate the 2D-medium's relevance in VR-experiences. To modernise 2D-illustrations and thus increase its immersive capability, techniques such as 2.5D and panoramic imagery are used. 2.5D allows an illusion of depth in 2D-graphics, while panorama images, most often 360-degree photographs, offer the possibility of a three-dimensional feel. This thesis explores the potential of creating original panoramic 2D-illustrations and combining a multitude of these in the same composition. The authors are under the impression that panoramic 2.5D-illustrations are a new, previously unexplored technique.3 The thesis is undergoing an iterative design process which consists of the usage of methods like depth-, height- and normal maps in Unreal Engine 5 (EpicGames, 2019), which will allow continuous improvement and adjustments to the illustrated compositions based on the gathered feedback. Three illustrated 2.5D-scenes were presented at an exhibition where visitors could perceive the immersive 2.5D-environments in a VR-experience. The informally collected quantitative data that was obtained from the exhibition hints at the technique harboring an overwhelmingly positive response from users, which is indicative of a bright future for the usage of 2D-illustrations as an immersive VRmedium. The result of the thesis indicate

Inom den moderna filmproduktionen har LED-väggar blivit en framstående teknik som möjliggör skapandet av realistiska bakgrunder och miljöer direkt på inspelningsplatsen. Genom att utnyttja avancerade LED-teknologier erbjuder dessa väggar ett imponerande visuellt verktyg som öppnar upp nya dimensioner för kreativitet och produktivitet inom branschen. Denna utforskning syftar till att fördjupa förståelsen för användningen av LED-väggar inom filmproduktion, genom att utforska deras tekniska funktioner, tillämpningar, fördelar och eventuella utmaningar som kan uppstå under användning. Vi kommer att utforska de designmetoder som har varit centrala för vår arbetsprocess och resonera kring de designval som formade det slutgiltiga resultatet. Dessutom kommer resultatet att fördjupas i en diskussion där strategier förklaras för att undvika vissa problem som uppstod och hur LED-vägg kan fortsätta utforska inom filmproduktion för framtida studier., Within modern film production, LED walls have emerged as a prominent technology enabling the creation of realistic backgrounds and environments directly on set. Leveraging advanced LED technologies, these walls offer an impressive visual tool that opens up new dimensions for creativity and productivity within the industry. This introduction aims to deepen the understanding of the use of LED walls in film production by exploring their technical features, applications, advantages, and any challenges that may arise during their usage. We will explore the design methods that have been central to our work process and reason about the design choices that shaped the final result. In addition, the results will be deepened in a discussion where strategies are explained to avoid some problems that occurred and how LED-wall can be further explored in film production for future studies.

Denna artikel undersöker hur ljuddesign kan påverka narrativet i en film. Artikeln djupdyker i metoden Point of Audition (POA) och utreder hur dess applicering kan representera en karaktärs subjektiva verklighet. Syftet är att identifiera vad ljuddesign har för inflytande på hur en films handling och karaktärer uppfattas. Detta görs genom att producera två ljudläggningar, en med POA och en utan, och sedan jämföra dem med varandra för att se hur narrativet skiljer sig åt. Filmen som ligger till grund för undersökningen är kortfilmen Freak (u.å.) av Alexandra Christensson. För att nå ett resultat utfördes lyssningstester där de två versionerna ställdes mot varandra. En enkät besvarades efter testerna där en stor del av respondenterna uttryckte att POA framhävde filmens narrativ. Dessutom visade resultaten att POA fungerade mindre bra i situationer där narrativet inte behövde förstärkas. Detta beror på att det riskerar att ta över berättandet., This article explores how sound design can impact a film's narrative. The research delves into the method of Point of Audition (POA) and investigates how its application can represent a character’s subjective reality. The article aims to identify sound design's influence on how a movie’s plot and characters are perceived. This is achieved through the production of two separate sound designs, one with POA and one without, and then comparing them to each other to see how the narrative differs. The study is based around the movie Freak (unreleased) by Alexandra Christensson. To reach a result, listening tests were held where the two versions were compared to each other. A survey was answered after the tests. A substantial amount of the participants expressed that POA emphasized the movie's narrative. In addition to this, the results showed that POA did not work as well in situations where the narrative was not in need of strengthening. This is because of its risk of overtaking the storytelling completely.

To rigorously approach the more-than-human world in design research, we need to become more receptive and better equipped to describe the complexities of relationality. In response, this paper advocates for the articulation of the felt sense -or tacit knowledge residing in our bodies- as a viewpoint for noticing. Assisted by micro-phenomenological interviews, we carefully described our felt senses from our experiences with a telepresence robot and smartphone photography. We illustrate how this viewpoint allowed us to access our pre-judgemental dimension, the vivid liveliness in our experiences with technologies, and the porosity of our sense of self. We contribute the felt sense as a viewpoint for noticing to design researchers interested in integrating their somatic sensibilities into their work with the more-than-human, allowing them to attune to, describe and share with other researchers the normally unattended dimension of our experiences, including aspects concerning the felt dimension of ethics.

There is a need to increase the number of students, especially women, choosing programming and STEM disciplines. We need innovative approaches in schools to better engage students and awake their interest in computer science. This paper addresses the need to create tools that effectively support the learning of programming and the development of computational thinking, highlighting why video games can be an effective educational tool for it and also attract new students to STEM. The Game4Coding Erasmus+ project proposes the design of a video game called CodeQuest, using a game genre that has not been frequently used before to address the teaching of programming, the monster tamer genre. We consider that video games have a number of benefits such as that stimulate active learning, are engaging for a wide range of students, and present information in a way that is attractive to learners. We want to explore this kind of game’s effectiveness as a learning tool as well as its effect on the perception of STEM disciplines and programming to attract new public to coding (especially girls)., Gaming4Coding

Sonification and sonic interaction design aim to create meaningful displays and digital interactions using data and information from the most disparate fields (astronomy, finance, health, security, for example) as the basis of the design. To date there are no standards and conventions on how to meaningfully link data to sound, therefore designers develop these connections on a case-by-case basis. Participatory workshops which target end-users and domain experts are a way for sound designers to find meaningful connections between data and sounds at the start of the design process so that final outcomes are more likely to be effective and accepted by users.In this paper, we present and discuss the participatory workshop methods we have developed within the \textit{Sound for Energy} project. In particular, we will highlight the aspects that can be easily transferable to other target domains. With this, we contribute to the effort of making sonification and sonic interaction design a more viable and accepted alternative to traditional, usually visual, displays., QC 20240515

This introductory chapter presents an overview and a synthesis of the chapters in the The De Gruyter Handbook of Automated Futures. Divided into sections on Imaginaries, Interactions, and Impact, the handbook presents a research agenda that explores futures, automation, and change from social scientific perspectives. These sections serve as heuristic sites for reframing narratives on automation, investigating human and algorithmic interactions, and exploring engaging ways for the social sciences, humanities, and design to participate in shaping automated futures. The Imaginaries section deconstructs dominant narratives of automated futures, emphasising historical antecedents and ideological tensions. Interactions delve into the complex dynamics between humans and automated systems, highlighting strategies to infuse automation with human dimensions and promote inclusivity. Impact focuses on making automated futures sustainable and ethical, advocating for innovative methodologies and interdisciplinary collaboration. Finally, this chapter offers insights into how the handbook can inspire into envisioning, understanding, and shaping automated futures in a playful and designerly manner. It encourages critical reflection, ethical engagement, and participatory approaches to ensure the development of inclusive, equitable, and sustainable automation futures.

There is a need to increase the number of students, especially women, choosing programming and STEM disciplines. We need innovative approaches in schools to better engage students and awake their interest in computer science. This paper addresses the need to create tools that effectively support the learning of programming and the development of computational thinking, highlighting why video games can be an effective educational tool for it and also attract new students to STEM. The Game4Coding Erasmus+ project proposes the design of a video game called CodeQuest, using a game genre that has not been frequently used before to address the teaching of programming, the monster tamer genre. We consider that video games have a number of benefits such as that stimulate active learning, are engaging for a wide range of students, and present information in a way that is attractive to learners. We want to explore this kind of game’s effectiveness as a learning tool as well as its effect on the perception of STEM disciplines and programming to attract new public to coding (especially girls)., Gaming4Coding

In the modern world, learning is becoming increasingly critical due to rapid technological breakthroughs, which highlight the need for continuous skill development in both the personal and professional spheres. As a result, eLearning is a cutting-edge approach to education that delivers lessons, courses, and instructional materials remotely via digital technology and the Internet. It makes learning more flexible and accessible by enabling users to interact with teachers online and access classes or other content. Sentiment analysis is an eLearning technique that evaluates user opinions, typically via written feedback, to improve the overall quality of instruction in a course. Sentiment analysis for e-learning feedback has been extensively studied in several languages, except Bangla and Romanized Bangla. The three datasets produced were one for Bangla, one for Romanized Bangla, and one for a combination of Bangla and Romanized. Three datasets contained 3178 Bangla, 3090 Romanized Bangla, and 6268 Bangla and Romanized Bangla texts. The feedback has been divided into three categories: positive, negative, and neutral. The validation of the datasets was conducted using Krippendorff’s alpha and Cohen’s kappa metrics, ensuring the reliability and consistency of the dataset annotations. Several techniques were used to train the preprocessed datasets, including transformers, deep learning, machine learning, ensemble learning, and hybrid approaches. Transformer-based algorithms, such as XLM-RoBERTa, outperformed the others in terms of accuracy, achieving the highest values of 89.46% and 85.81% for the Bangla and Combined datasets. At 89.59%, ANN demonstrated exceptional performance on the Romanized Bangla dataset., Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-07-08 (joosat);Full text: CC BY-NC-ND License

This research delves into the dynamics of active school transport (AST) by utilizing a two-stage co-design process and leveraging persuasive technology within a game for promoting AST called Battleship-AST. The primary aim of this research is to thoroughly investigate the two-stage game co-design process employed in creating a Battleship-AST game. Moreover, our research aims to evaluate participants’ perceptions regarding the motivating and engaging potential of the persuasive technology and gamification features embedded within the final iteration of the game. This evaluation aims to understand how these features influence participants’ motivation to increase their usage of AST through gameplay. In pursuit of these objectives, the research builds upon the existing Battleship-AST prototype and actively engages school children in a collaborative two-stage co-design process. Their valuable insights and preferences were harnessed in refining the game, which was subsequently tested during a tech event in Skellefteå, Sweden. The findings shed light on various aspects of the game’s impact, from its reception to the gamification features integrated within. Notably, the research highlights the positive impact of the co-design process, with increased motivation and engagement observed among the participants. Their involvement in shaping the game’s design resulted in a more engaging and enjoyable experience. The persuasive technology features, encompassing competition, collaboration, auditory cues, a virtual reward system, and an emphasis on similarity, played a pivotal role in sustaining engagement and motivating players. Elements such as rewards, leaderboard progression, and badges proved highly effective in encouraging continued participation and fostering a positive feedback loop. However, the study also identifies areas for potential improvement, including the need to measure real-life progress and refine the game’s levelling system. The research indicates that refining, Funder: Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea; National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2023S1A5C2A02095195];Fulltext license: CC BY

The health of the Baltic Sea is under heavy human-induced pressures exacerbated by climate change. This study explores the use of interactive sonification for functionally raising awareness and communicating negative emotions about vessel emissions in the Baltic Sea and how it can contribute to making sense of that data. A prototype of an interactive Baltic Sea map incorporating interactive sonification of vessel data was created. The prototype was evaluated in exploratory prototype sessions followed by semi-structured interviews with 10 participants divided into two groups, one receiving both visual and sonic feedback and the other receiving only visual feedback. The two groups used the prototype to identify vessels’ data and shape their perception of the vessels’ emissions. Observed differences between the two groups in stated emotions, use of metaphoric language, and identification of positive and negative vessels on the map indicate that the interactive sonification elicited emotional reactions as part of a sense-making process., SOUNDIN, VR2023-04496

We investigated whether differences in light levels and spectral properties have effects on motion. Twenty-two participants, divided into groups of two, experienced the same room in two diffused light conditions (daylight [DL] or static artificial light [AL]), which were experienced in a repeated measures design layout, controlled for order. Both light conditions offered a stimulus of at least 250 melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance (mEDI) lux, without a view. Participants were observed during an individual reading session and a collaborative construction game session. We measured the connectivity of the built structures, activity by actigraphy, and we automatically extracted motion area and quantity of motion from video analysis. We found a correlation between mEDI values in the two light conditions (DL or AL) and activity and a correlation between light condition and motion area. Diffuse daylight conditions were correlated with lower activity and less extended motion than a diffuse static condition at levels recommended for office lighting and to ensure alerting responses. Indeed, static AL was found to be related to increased spatial exploration, which might indicate restlessness, and high mEDI to a more composed motion. Actigraphy measurements correlate with quantity of motion values; therefore, the two methods provided comparable results. Results also showed a high correlation between all photometric values in the daylight condition. These findings offer arguments for favoring DL conditions in the design of places where it is desirable to avoid fidgetiness, like educational institutions, and to support composed motion, like medical institutions., QC 20240830

The design justice of AI technologies is infuenced by value tensions, by which values get embedded and excluded in design processes. In this study, we investigate Euro-Western artists’ expressed values for the design of Creative AI technologies. We conducted four workshops, in which artists engaged in value sketching and critical discussion around Creative AI, and analyzed emerging values. In the sketches, the artists predominantly expressed values of self-interest, while when encouraged for a critical discussion artists expressed values aligned with interest of others. We discuss the challenge of aligning Creative AI with design justice, when values of common good are not inherently part of the technological imaginaries, but rather need to be explicitly evoked. We open up these value tensions, discussing values’ actionability, and the implications for design futures of Creative AI. With this paper, we extend the empirical studies in value sketching and socio-technical landscape of Creative AI., Part of ISBN [9798400705830]QC 20240830

This compilation thesis collects multidisciplinary work on the study of the impact of light rhythms on perception and behaviour. The thesis was structured to answer and discuss the questions: “How does a person feel and behave inan illuminated space?” and “Do variable light conditions influence perception, appraisal and motion?”. In order to answer the questions, I applied methods from design, psychology and behavioural science, conducted literature reviews and performed two experimental studies. In response to the first question, the outcome of the five papers included in the thesis show that light and lighting rhythms elicit specific acute and long-term effects. These effects impact on these categories of aspects: visual and perceptual, appraisal and experience, behavioural and physiological. To structure and visualize these diverse aspects, I introduce the CLAPP framework: Context Light(ing) Action (behaviour), Perception, Person. The framework highlights the complex interplay between light, environment, and human response, by displaying features related to spatial and light rhythms, effects of light on mind and body, and personal features. The framework can provide structure and direction for education and research activities within the scope of Architectural Lighting Design. In response to the second research question, results from the experimental studies reveal that, even after eliminating view and sunlight, variable daylight conditions elicit better mood, higher pleasure, and influence motion, compared to artificial light conditions. The results of this thesis may contribute to achieving the UN sustainability goals, specifically to improve the well-being of the population (SDG3), to design a built-environment that is safe and resilient (SDG 11), and to promote the uses of affordable and clean energy (SDG 7). Building on the experience gained during this thesis work, I am confident that multidisciplinary collaboration will enable to integrate the diverse aspe, Denna sammanläggningsavhandling samlar tvärvetenskapligt arbete om studien av ljusrytmers inverkan på perception och beteende. Avhandlingen var strukturerad för att besvara och diskutera frågorna: “Hur känner och beter sig en person i ett upplyst rum?” och “Påverkar varierande ljusförhållanden perception, bedömning och rörelse?”. För att besvara frågorna använde jag metoder från design, psykologi och beteendevetenskap, och genomförde litteraturstudier och två experimentella studier. Som svar på den första frågan visar resultaten från de fem artiklar som ingår i avhandlingen att ljus och ljusrytmer framkallar specifika direkta och långsiktiga effekter. Dessa effekter påverkar följande kategorier av aspekter: visuella och perceptuella, bedömning och upplevelse, beteendemässiga och fysiologiska. För att strukturera och visualisera dessa olika aspekter introducerar jag ramverket CLAPP: Context Light(ing) Action (behaviour), Per-ception, Person. Ramverket belyser det komplexa samspelet mellan ljus, miljö och mänsklig respons genom att visa funktioner relaterade till rums- och ljusrytmer, effekter av ljus på sinne och kropp samt personliga egenskaper. Ramverketkan ge struktur och riktning för utbildnings- och forskningsaktiviteter inom området Architectural Lighting Design. Som svar på den andra forskningsfrågan visar resultaten från de experimentella studierna att varierande dagsljusförhållanden framkallar bättre humör och glädje, och påverkar rörelse, jämfört med artificiella ljusförhållanden, även efter att utsikt och solljus eliminerats. Resultaten av denna avhandling kan bidra till att uppnå FN:s hållbarhetsmål, särskiltatt förbättra befolkningens välbefinnande (SDG 3), att utforma en byggd miljösom är säker och motståndskraftig (SDG 11), och stödjar användningen av över-komlig och ren energi (SDG 7). Med utgångspunkt i erfarenheterna från detta examensarbete är jag övertygad om att tvärvetenskapligt samarbete kommer att göra det möjligt att integrera de olika aspekt, QC 20240405

There is a need to increase the number of students, especially women, choosing programming and STEM disciplines. We need innovative approaches in schools to better engage students and awake their interest in computer science. This paper addresses the need to create tools that effectively support the learning of programming and the development of computational thinking, highlighting why video games can be an effective educational tool for it and also attract new students to STEM. The Game4Coding Erasmus+ project proposes the design of a video game called CodeQuest, using a game genre that has not been frequently used before to address the teaching of programming, the monster tamer genre. We consider that video games have a number of benefits such as that stimulate active learning, are engaging for a wide range of students, and present information in a way that is attractive to learners. We want to explore this kind of game’s effectiveness as a learning tool as well as its effect on the perception of STEM disciplines and programming to attract new public to coding (especially girls)., Gaming4Coding

This introductory chapter presents an overview and a synthesis of the chapters in the The De Gruyter Handbook of Automated Futures. Divided into sections on Imaginaries, Interactions, and Impact, the handbook presents a research agenda that explores futures, automation, and change from social scientific perspectives. These sections serve as heuristic sites for reframing narratives on automation, investigating human and algorithmic interactions, and exploring engaging ways for the social sciences, humanities, and design to participate in shaping automated futures. The Imaginaries section deconstructs dominant narratives of automated futures, emphasising historical antecedents and ideological tensions. Interactions delve into the complex dynamics between humans and automated systems, highlighting strategies to infuse automation with human dimensions and promote inclusivity. Impact focuses on making automated futures sustainable and ethical, advocating for innovative methodologies and interdisciplinary collaboration. Finally, this chapter offers insights into how the handbook can inspire into envisioning, understanding, and shaping automated futures in a playful and designerly manner. It encourages critical reflection, ethical engagement, and participatory approaches to ensure the development of inclusive, equitable, and sustainable automation futures.

In the modern world, learning is becoming increasingly critical due to rapid technological breakthroughs, which highlight the need for continuous skill development in both the personal and professional spheres. As a result, eLearning is a cutting-edge approach to education that delivers lessons, courses, and instructional materials remotely via digital technology and the Internet. It makes learning more flexible and accessible by enabling users to interact with teachers online and access classes or other content. Sentiment analysis is an eLearning technique that evaluates user opinions, typically via written feedback, to improve the overall quality of instruction in a course. Sentiment analysis for e-learning feedback has been extensively studied in several languages, except Bangla and Romanized Bangla. The three datasets produced were one for Bangla, one for Romanized Bangla, and one for a combination of Bangla and Romanized. Three datasets contained 3178 Bangla, 3090 Romanized Bangla, and 6268 Bangla and Romanized Bangla texts. The feedback has been divided into three categories: positive, negative, and neutral. The validation of the datasets was conducted using Krippendorff’s alpha and Cohen’s kappa metrics, ensuring the reliability and consistency of the dataset annotations. Several techniques were used to train the preprocessed datasets, including transformers, deep learning, machine learning, ensemble learning, and hybrid approaches. Transformer-based algorithms, such as XLM-RoBERTa, outperformed the others in terms of accuracy, achieving the highest values of 89.46% and 85.81% for the Bangla and Combined datasets. At 89.59%, ANN demonstrated exceptional performance on the Romanized Bangla dataset., Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-07-08 (joosat);Full text: CC BY-NC-ND License

This research delves into the dynamics of active school transport (AST) by utilizing a two-stage co-design process and leveraging persuasive technology within a game for promoting AST called Battleship-AST. The primary aim of this research is to thoroughly investigate the two-stage game co-design process employed in creating a Battleship-AST game. Moreover, our research aims to evaluate participants’ perceptions regarding the motivating and engaging potential of the persuasive technology and gamification features embedded within the final iteration of the game. This evaluation aims to understand how these features influence participants’ motivation to increase their usage of AST through gameplay. In pursuit of these objectives, the research builds upon the existing Battleship-AST prototype and actively engages school children in a collaborative two-stage co-design process. Their valuable insights and preferences were harnessed in refining the game, which was subsequently tested during a tech event in Skellefteå, Sweden. The findings shed light on various aspects of the game’s impact, from its reception to the gamification features integrated within. Notably, the research highlights the positive impact of the co-design process, with increased motivation and engagement observed among the participants. Their involvement in shaping the game’s design resulted in a more engaging and enjoyable experience. The persuasive technology features, encompassing competition, collaboration, auditory cues, a virtual reward system, and an emphasis on similarity, played a pivotal role in sustaining engagement and motivating players. Elements such as rewards, leaderboard progression, and badges proved highly effective in encouraging continued participation and fostering a positive feedback loop. However, the study also identifies areas for potential improvement, including the need to measure real-life progress and refine the game’s levelling system. The research indicates that refining, Funder: Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea; National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2023S1A5C2A02095195];Fulltext license: CC BY

Sonification and sonic interaction design aim to create meaningful displays and digital interactions using data and information from the most disparate fields (astronomy, finance, health, security, for example) as the basis of the design. To date there are no standards and conventions on how to meaningfully link data to sound, therefore designers develop these connections on a case-by-case basis. Participatory workshops which target end-users and domain experts are a way for sound designers to find meaningful connections between data and sounds at the start of the design process so that final outcomes are more likely to be effective and accepted by users.In this paper, we present and discuss the participatory workshop methods we have developed within the \textit{Sound for Energy} project. In particular, we will highlight the aspects that can be easily transferable to other target domains. With this, we contribute to the effort of making sonification and sonic interaction design a more viable and accepted alternative to traditional, usually visual, displays., QC 20240515

The boundaries of what replayability is has been explored and in this work we have attempted to find out if visual changes in the game world could become a cornerstone of how replayability is viewed. Is it possible to use image generation to quickly iterate alternative visual environments– all in order to enhance the want of discovering more within a video game? This thesis aims to delve deeper into understanding what replayability is and how it can be further developed with the help of AI image generation. By examining and modifying generated images, we can see what an AI image generator does well and how to achieve the desired results. In the study we produce and discuss the responses from a survey about replayability, in which 160 people participated. This paper also explores whether AI image generation has a place in the gaming industry and if it can promote replayability by using generated images as inspiration and reference material when building up digital and dynamic worlds., Ramarna inom hur återspelbarhet är och ser ut har undersökts och i detta arbete har vi försökt ta reda på om visuella förändringar i spelvärlden kan komma att bli en grundpelare i hur vi ser återspelbarhet i framtiden. Kan man med hjälp av bildgenerering snabbt iterera alternativa visuella miljöer som går att applicera i spelmiljöer för att utöka känslan av att vilja upptäcka mer. Undersökningen tar reda på vad återspelbarhet är och hur det kan utvecklas vidare med hjälp av AI-bildgenerering. Genom att granska genererade bilder och förändra dem kan vi se vad en AI-bildgenerator gör bra och hur man ska gå tillväga för att producera önskvärt resultat . I undersökningen producerar och diskuterar vi svaren från en enkät som handlar om återspelbarhet, där 160 personer deltog. I denna undersökning så tar vi även reda på om AI-bildgenerering har en plats inom spelindustrin för att främja återspelbarhet genom att använda dess genererade bilder till inspiration och referensmaterial när man bygger upp digitala dynamiska världar.

Inom den moderna filmproduktionen har LED-väggar blivit en framstående teknik som möjliggör skapandet av realistiska bakgrunder och miljöer direkt på inspelningsplatsen. Genom att utnyttja avancerade LED-teknologier erbjuder dessa väggar ett imponerande visuellt verktyg som öppnar upp nya dimensioner för kreativitet och produktivitet inom branschen. Denna utforskning syftar till att fördjupa förståelsen för användningen av LED-väggar inom filmproduktion, genom att utforska deras tekniska funktioner, tillämpningar, fördelar och eventuella utmaningar som kan uppstå under användning. Vi kommer att utforska de designmetoder som har varit centrala för vår arbetsprocess och resonera kring de designval som formade det slutgiltiga resultatet. Dessutom kommer resultatet att fördjupas i en diskussion där strategier förklaras för att undvika vissa problem som uppstod och hur LED-vägg kan fortsätta utforska inom filmproduktion för framtida studier., Within modern film production, LED walls have emerged as a prominent technology enabling the creation of realistic backgrounds and environments directly on set. Leveraging advanced LED technologies, these walls offer an impressive visual tool that opens up new dimensions for creativity and productivity within the industry. This introduction aims to deepen the understanding of the use of LED walls in film production by exploring their technical features, applications, advantages, and any challenges that may arise during their usage. We will explore the design methods that have been central to our work process and reason about the design choices that shaped the final result. In addition, the results will be deepened in a discussion where strategies are explained to avoid some problems that occurred and how LED-wall can be further explored in film production for future studies.