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• ICH patients with post-surgery SIRS had worse 90-day prognoses. • SIRS patients showed elevated inflammatory markers, proteins, and lower IgG levels. • CSF CD3+ T cell percentages remained higher than in PB. • SIRS patients had lower CSF CD3-CD16+CD56+ NK cell percentages. • High CSF CD3+ T cells strongly predicted critical ICH with post-surgery SIRS. To assess the frequency of lymphocyte subsets and other laboratory indicators in paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood (PB) samples from critically ill patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) who developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) following surgery. Neuroinflammation and systemic inflammatory responses significantly contribute to secondary brain injury following ICH. Post-surgery SIRS is known to worsen clinical outcomes in ICH patients; however, the immune response in the CSF and PB has not been fully characterized. Understanding immunological changes in ICH patients with SIRS could lead to improved clinical management and prognostic outcomes. This study involved a retrospective analysis of data from patients with ICH who underwent surgery in the Neurological Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Baoding No. 1 Hospital, Hebei Province, China, between January and July 2022. Patients were divided into SIRS and non-SIRS groups based on the clinical criteria. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, including lymphocyte subsets in CSF and PB, were collected and analyzed. This study compared lymphocyte subsets and other inflammatory markers between the SIRS and non-SIRS groups. Patients with SIRS demonstrated higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) at admission, worse 90-day prognoses, elevated inflammatory markers, increased levels of complement proteins C3 and C4, and lower levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) compared to patients without SIRS. Between 3–6 days post-surgery, SIRS patients showed higher percentages of CD3+T cells, CD4+T cells, and CD4+/CD8+ ratios in the CSF than non-SIRS patients. CD3+T cell percentages in the CSF were consistently higher than those in the PB and were independent of PB levels. In contrast, CD3-CD16+CD56+ natural killer (NK) cell percentages were lower in patients with SIRS. No significant differences in PB lymphocyte subsets were found between the two groups. A high CSF CD3+T cell percentage (≥85.68 %) was identified as the strongest predictor of critical ICH with SIRS after surgery, with an appropriate use criterion (AUC) of 0.7742, sensitivity of 77.42 %, specificity of 76.19 %, and 95 % CI of 0.6655–0.8829 (P < 0.0001). Elevated levels of CD3+T lymphocytes in CSF are strongly associated with an increased risk of severe cerebral hemorrhage and SIRS following surgery. These findings suggest that monitoring CSF immune markers, particularly CD3+T lymphocytes, could serve as valuable predictors for the development of SIRS in critically ill ICH patients and inform post-surgical treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel symmetric independent antenna pair (SIAP) sensor was designed for precise detection and monitoring of ischemia stroke (IS). • The SIAP sensor demonstrates its capability to differentiate between intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral ischemia. • Animal experiments have confirmed that the SIAP sensor can effectively detect compensatory increases in cerebral blood flow on the healthy hemisphere following IS. Unlike intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the initial intracranial dielectric constant changes in IS are subtle and difficult to detect. Considering that the brain is approximately axisymmetric and the IS-affected hemisphere does not impact the healthy hemisphere, this study proposes a symmetric independent antenna pair (SIAP) sensor. The SIAP sensor consists of two inverted F-antennas positioned symmetrically at 150°, with additional shielding on the ground plane to minimize crosstalk. A realistic brain anatomical model was developed to analyze its Front to Back Ratio (FBR) performance and electromagnetic (EM) wave energy distribution. Subsequently, electromagnetic simulation experiments specific to IS were conducted. Additionally, experiments on rabbits with IS and ICH were carried out. The observed trends in S11 amplitude changes between the ICH and IS groups were distinct, with changes significantly higher in the ICH group compared to the IS group, yet both markedly higher than in the healthy state. This further validates the sensor's capacity to differentiate between ICH and IS. Notably, animal experiments have underscored the sensor's capacity to identify compensatory increases in cerebral blood flow in the unaffected hemisphere post-cerebral ischemia. These findings underscore the potential of the SIAP sensor as a novel approach for swift and accurate IS diagnosis and real-time monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]