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This paper presents a novel approach for designing a reconfigurable and steerable antenna utilizing plasma dielectric slabs along the aperture of a pyramidal horn antenna. The antenna provides electronic control over the radiation gain and the direction of the main beam. The proposed configuration consists of four plasma slabs aligned perpendicular to the horn aperture along the horn axis, supplemented by four diagonally connected plasma slabs. Each plasma slab can be independently switched on or off, enabling dynamic adjustment of the radiation gain and steering of the main beam.Numerical investigations demonstrate that toggling the plasma slabs or controlling the plasma frequency allows precise control over the pyramidal horn antenna's radiation gain and beam steering. Selecting appropriate dimensions and angles for the plasma slabs is crucial in achieving the desired beam steering angle and radiation gain control. To validate the concept, the proposed antenna configuration is designed and numerically simulated at a frequency of 10 GHz. The results indicate that the radiation gain of the antenna can be significantly enhanced, reaching up to 6.5 dBi, and the main beam direction can be steered within a range of ±12°.This research presents a promising approach for achieving reconfigurability and beam steering capabilities in antenna systems by utilizing plasma dielectric slabs. The proposed design offers enhanced performance and flexibility, making it suitable for various applications in antenna technology. The ability to control beam steering and radiation gain without mechanical devices is essential in satellite and space communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a dual-orthogonal circularly polarized waveguide antenna for modeling real GNSS signals in a shielded chamber. The proposed antenna consists of a septum structure for a circular polarization radiation pattern and a coaxal-to-waveguide transition for broadband characteristics. The designed antenna has dual orthogonal characteristics and forms RHCP and LHCP radiation patterns through the two ports. The fabricated antenna had gain characteristics higher than 12 dBic, an axial ratio of less than 3 dB, and a return loss higher than 10 dB in the GNSS band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A choke ring horn antenna has been designed for use as an RF applicator in a compact range in vitro 28 GHz bioelectromagnetic exposure system. The 30 mm × 50 mm horn antenna was fabricated and measured to operate from 27.75 GHz to 34.5 GHz with a −20 dB measured S11 and a measured antenna gain of more than 10 dBi. A wide sectoral (flat top) and symmetric E- and H-plane pattern with a half-power beamwidth of more than 60 degrees was achieved with a cross-polarization discrimination of better than 28 dB. Electromagnetic slots were introduced in the antenna to suppress excess cavity mode radiation which inherently impacts the cross-polarization levels of choke ring antennas. The proposed antenna was successfully integrated into the compact measurement chamber in partnership with the Korea Telecommunication Research Institute (ETRI) and is currently in use for real-time 5G millimeter-wave dosimetry studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrates the design, modeling, and analysis of a small size 180 × 165 × 1.6 mm3 printed broadband Vivaldi antenna for electromagnetic compatibility measurements. The proposed antenna is intended to be utilized as a reference antenna for emission and immunity tests inside the EMC Chamber through the band (0.8–5.5 GHz). Exponentially tapered slots were created based on mathematical equations to form an end-fire radiation antenna. Furthermore, microstrip and slot line stubs were employed to tune the impedance bandwidth. This antenna could be considered a 2-D Horn antenna with a size reduction of 64% and 67% since both antennas, Vivaldi and Horn are based on the same principle. Two rectangular slots were engraved near the feeding point to reshape and enhance the gain at lower frequency bands. Furthermore, the realized gain has been improved by approximately 3.5 dB and reached up to 10.7 dBi by introducing a pair of triangular reversal slots at the top edges of the structure. Moreover, this antenna has specifications that make it a suitable candidate to work as a reference antenna inside the EMC chamber compared to the classical Horn antenna offered for sale (PowerLOG® PRO 30800 and TBMA4). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a wideband circularly polarized (CP) H‐plane horn antenna based on Gap Waveguide (GW) technology in K‐band is presented. The proposed antenna consists of two unconnected metal planes. To produce broadband CP radiation, two main methods are utilized. First, two antipodal tapered plates (ATPs) are added in front of the horn. The ATPs are carefully designed for dissimilar polarization orientations. By this technique, the orthogonal electric fields can be prepared. Then, by embedding three metal square pins near the center of the aperture in both inner plates, the impedance bandwidth (BW) and BW of CP radiation of the proposed horn is entirely improved. Its BW for target |S11| < −10 dB is 18–28 GHz. Also, the peak gain fluctuates between 11.5 and 13 dB. This antenna can provide a 3 dB polarization axial‐ratio BW of about 28.5% (20–26 GHz). Total radiation efficiency is higher than 94%. To verify the design, the proposed structure is manufactured and tested. The proposed horn antenna result has an appropriate agreement between measurement and simulation. Its miniaturized dimensions, easy and cheap fabrication, and broadband CP capability make it a proper volunteer for broadband communication systems. Key Points: We apply Gap Waveguide technology in sectoral horn antenna to reduce the size, bulk, and cost of conventional horn antennasSymmetrical radiation patterns and wideband circular polarization are achieved from two added antipodal tapered plates and three embedded pinsAn antenna is designed for 5G or vehicular satellite communication fields [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of electromagnetic detection systems, the working frequency of radar gradually expands towards the low-frequency band such as P- and L-band, and the low-frequency horn antenna has also attracted more and more attention. Given the problems of miniaturization, lightweight and ultra-wideband design of low-frequency horn antenna, this paper presents the optimal design for the feed balun, ridge curve, back-feed cavity and sidewall of the traditional horn antenna, and proposes a performance-enhanced double-ridged horn antenna covering 0.21-2.3 GHz. In the entire working band, the antenna has stable radiation patterns and good port-matching characteristics; its VSWR is less than 2 and the main lobes of patterns do not split or deteriorate. The proposed horn antenna can be used as a standard calibration or measurement antenna in antenna or material measurement systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have developed an affordable horn antenna at St. Stephen's College, which has been used to perform various research-based activities in the college astronomy lab. In this article, we present three of our experiments performed in our undergraduate lab with respect to radio frequency interference in the campus and provide the relevant data. We also present and analyse our results for the 21-cm Hydrogen line emission data collected using our affordable horn antenna. In the third experiment, we study the radiation pattern of our horn antenna. The aim of the article is to present experiments to explore radio astronomy in the lab that can be done by undergraduate students with minimum cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design of a 60 GHz millimeter-wave (MMW) slot array horn antenna based on the substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) structure. The novelty of this device resides in the achievement of a broad impedance bandwidth and high gain performance by meticulously engineering the radiation band structure and slot array. The antenna demonstrates an impressive impedance bandwidth of 14.96 GHz (24.93%), accompanied by a remarkable maximum reflection coefficient of −39.47 dB. Furthermore, the antenna boasts a gain of 10.01 dBi, showcasing its outstanding performance as a high-frequency antenna with a wide bandwidth and high gain. To validate its capabilities, we fabricated and experimentally characterized a prototype of the antenna using a probe test structure. The measurement results closely align with the simulation results, affirming the suitability of the designed antenna for radar sensing applications in future global industrial scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a model, design, and implementation of a metasurface electromagnetic (EM) wave absorber for operation in the frequency range of the X-band. The model of the metasurface was constructed with a split ring resonator (SSR) and a stripline and it was designed with a single unit cell, whereby the results were approached with transmission line theory for patch impedance extraction. Implementation of a metasurface EM wave absorber was deployed on an FR4 Epoxy dielectric substrate with dimensions of 80-unit cells x 80-unit cells and characterized with two horn antennas, which were connected to a signal generator as the transmitter and a spectrum analyzer as the receiver. In front of the horn antennas a device under test (DUT) was installed, i.e., a metasurface EM wave absorber and a metal plate with similar dimensions. The metal plate was expected to perform full reflection at the same distance and antenna orientation. The same condition was used as a normalization factor to optimize the absorption of the metasurface EM wave absorber. The characterization results showed that the minimum normalized absorption of the SRR and stripline at the designated measurement distances was 0.99, 0.99, 0.99, and 0.97, at frequencies of 8.85 GHz, 9.08 GHz, 9.15 GHz, and 9.10 GHz, respectively, and a 0° antenna orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this communication, a pyramidal horn antenna is proposed and investigated to operate in the sub-THz region at a centre frequency of 0.245 THz. The antenna has five layers such as coupling layer, air cavity layer, excitation layer, pyramidal horn, and extended side wings. The coupling layer is responsible to couple the electromagnetic (EM) wave from waveguide feed. The excitation layer consists of a plus shape slot which is responsible for the excitation of the proposed antenna. The air cavity is designed such that it can efficiently excite the plus-shaped slot of the excitation layer. In order to achieve high gain and efficiency, the pyramidal horn and the extended side wings are used in combination. The proposed horn antenna has a significant efficiency and gain of 97.1 % and 19.2 dBi respectively and gives a wide impedance bandwidth of 32.3 % (0.205–0.284 THz). When compared to the literature, the proposed novel design demonstrates significant improvement in terms of bandwidth, directivity, and gain. The antenna finds its suitability for Sub-THz 6G wireless communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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An ultrawideband 3D printed aperture‐shared conformal dual‐horn antenna that is mounted on a cylindrical metal surface is proposed. The antenna system consists of an H‐plane horn antenna working at 0.5–5.5 GHz, namely Antenna A, an H‐plane horn antenna working at 5.5–16 GHz, namely Antenna B, and a diplexer. To validate the proposed aperture‐shared antenna, a prototype is 3D printed with surface metallization. A diplexer is used to connect Antenna A and Antenna B. Measured results show a 32:1 impedance bandwidth for the dual‐horn antenna system with |S11| < −6.8 dB. Good radiation patterns are also obtained for most of the bandwidth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design of a 60 GHz millimeter-wave (MMW) slot array horn antenna based on the substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) structure. The novelty of this device resides in the achievement of a broad impedance bandwidth and high gain performance by meticulously engineering the radiation band structure and slot array. The antenna demonstrates an impressive impedance bandwidth of 14.96 GHz (24.93%), accompanied by a remarkable maximum reflection coefficient of −39.47 dB. Furthermore, the antenna boasts a gain of 10.01 dBi, showcasing its outstanding performance as a high-frequency antenna with a wide bandwidth and high gain. To validate its capabilities, we fabricated and experimentally characterized a prototype of the antenna using a probe test structure. The measurement results closely align with the simulation results, affirming the suitability of the designed antenna for radar sensing applications in future global industrial scenarios.