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Monitoring of hormone replacement therapy represents a major challenge in the management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). In the absence of clear guidance and standardised monitoring strategies, there is no consensus among clinicians regarding the relevance of various biochemical markers used in practice, leading to wide variability in their application and interpretation. In this review, we summarise the published evidence on biochemical monitoring of CAH. We discuss temporal variations of the most commonly measured biomarkers throughout the day, the interrelationship between different biomarkers, as well as their relationship with different glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid treatment regimens and clinical outcomes. Our review highlights significant heterogeneity across studies in both aims and methodology. However, we identified key messages for the management of patients with CAH. The approach to hormone replacement therapy should be individualised, based on the individual hormonal profile throughout the day in relation to medication. There are limitations to using 17‐hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione and testosterone, and the role of additional biomarkers such 11‐oxygenated androgens which are more disease specific should be further established. Noninvasive monitoring via salivary and urinary steroid measurements is becoming increasingly available and should be considered, especially in the management of children with CAH. Additionally, this review indicates the need for large scale longitudinal studies analysing the interrelation between different monitoring strategies used in clinical practice and health outcomes in children and adults with CAH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Polycystic Ovary Disorder (PCOS) is a complicated endocrine problem influencing ladies of reproductive age, with ramifications for fertility, metabolic process plus cardio health and wellness. personalized medication supplies a confident technique by customizing therapies to specific genetic hormone as well as ecological accounts. Methods: This research used a mixed-methods, incorporating measurable hereditary screening and also scientific examinations with qualitative person meetings to personalized therapy prepare for ladies with PCOS in Baghdad. Individuals were ladies aged 18-45 detected with PCOS, chosen with strict incorporation as well as exemption standards. Information evaluation included analytical screening to analyze the effect of individualized therapies on different PCOS signs together with pens. Measurable information was analyzed and examined based on topics of mathematical statistics using the statistical program SPSS for detailed data, t-tests, as well as chi-square examinations for value (p. value 0.05). Results: The research entailed 150 individuals exposing substantial irregularity in PCOS signs and symptoms and also hereditary pens. Individualized therapies resulted in substantial enhancements: menstruation uniformity raised in 85% of the individuals (p. value 0.01) hirsutism ratings lowered by 60% (p. value 0.05) acne enhanced in 70% of instances (p & lt; 0.01), and also BMI decreases were observed in 75% of individuals (p. value 0.001). Additionally, insulin degrees stabilized in 80% (p. value 0.001) together with cholesterol degrees boosted in 65% (p. value 0.05) of the research study team. Conclusion: Personalized medication in PCOS administration reveals assurance in boosting individual results by attending to hereditary, hormone, way of living as well as ecological aspects. This strategy calls for a standard change in the direction of personalized treatment in gynecology possibly establishing brand-new requirements for PCOS therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]