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AbstractObjectiveDesignStudy SampleResultsConclusionsTargeted early detection programs for otitis media exist for First Nations populations across several countries, with variable success reported. Health professionals are in a unique position to evaluate factors that may impact on programme success. This research therefore aims to understand: “What factors do health professionals view as influencing the success of otitis media detection programs for First Nations children?”A scoping review, including a systematic search and synthesis of qualitative research on this topic, was conducted using adapted PRISMA and JBI guidelines. Articles were critically appraised using tools to assess their methodological quality and cultural safety.Seven sources published between 2003 and 2022 met the review inclusion criteria.Two major themes of Health Resource Access and Person and Family Centred Care were identified. Health Resource Access was further explored through three sub-themes examining Client, Practitioner and Service access. Subthemes related to Person and Family Centred Care included Cultural Safety, Health Service Collaboration, Health Education and Consumer Partnerships.The voices of health professionals are largely missing from conversations on otitis media detection for First Nations children. Health professionals can provide unique insights into service delivery that compliment those of parents and care-givers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript delves into Indigenous experiences of disability, specifically the Quandamooka community, starting with contextualising disability among First Nations people in Australia. It summarises criticisms of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) and offers historical insights into Quandamooka country and Indigenous disability in Australia. Central to this manuscript are Quandamooka caring principles which highlight disability's cultural significance and its triadic essence within Quandamooka society. Collectively, these principles underpin social connections, encompassing elements like collective wisdoms and the custodial ethic. These foundations yield pillars of collective protection, activated through kinship circles. These insights resonate with disability themes for Maori peoples where fostering compassion, acceptance, support, and interdependence are important for well-being. Points of interest: Indigenous communities historically had sustainable care systems deeply connected to nature and mutual respect, emphasising the interdependence of individuals in supporting each other. The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) can sideline the needs of Indigenous communities due to its predominantly Western/Global North influence, resulting in limited access to necessary support. Indigenous knowledge, rooted in an understanding of nature's interconnectedness, offers valuable insights for creating inclusive care systems beneficial to everyone. Embracing Indigenous perspectives on disability and care is crucial for developing fairer and more balanced care systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on the development and implementation of restorative justice policy and practice for First Nations Peoples in Queensland. Using diverse public source materials to produce a summary history and assessment of the Queensland experience, the study found that restorative justice can provide an appropriate response to crime within First Nations communities, but that programmes have had limited application and utilisation to-date. The findings suggest that programmes must involve First Nations Peoples in programme design and delivery, while addressing the systemic disadvantages faced by these communities through a substantial increase in government investment. The study identified the need for increased application of restorative justice and enhanced research on programme outcomes; acknowledging the need to increase attention to victims' needs and experiences. The paper also recognised the need for more First Nations led research to explore how restorative justice programmes can be enhanced to improve outcomes for First Nations Peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aboriginal Australians experience a high prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with high rates of potentially preventable hospitalisations. However, little is known about Aboriginal peoples' experiences of living with COPD and how they navigate health care systems. This study used thematic analysis and Aboriginal methodology to explore Aboriginal peoples' lived experiences of COPD, their health care journey from receiving a diagnosis of COPD to the clinical management, and the impact of COPD on their daily lives. We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews over a 6-month period with 18 Aboriginal adults diagnosed with COPD from four Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHS) in New South Wales, Australia. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed to ensure rigour. The findings revealed deeply personal and reflective stories shaped by historical, social, and cultural realities of Aboriginal peoples living with COPD. Four themes were identified characterising their experiences. Based on the findings, the following guidance is provided on future COPD care for Aboriginal peoples: Better alignment of existing COPD management with Aboriginal peoples' cultural contexts and perspectives to improve access to culturally safe care; Increased funding for ACCHS to enhance COPD management, such as early detection through case finding and access to ACCHS-led pulmonary rehabilitation; Engaging family members in COPD management and providing culturally centred COPD education that facilitates discussions and builds health literacy and self-management skills; Implementing health promotion initiatives to increase awareness and counteract fear and shame to improve early COPD detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To gain culturally appropriate awareness of First Nations, Inuit and/or Métis Health, research suggests that programs focus on sending more trainees to First Nations, Inuit and/or Métis communities Working within this context provides experiences and knowledge that build upon classroom education and support trainees' acquisition of skills to engage in culturally safe healthcare provision. This study examines residents' and faculty members' perceptions of how residency training programs can optimize First Nations, Inuit and/or Métis health training and support residents in gaining the knowledge, skills, and experiences for working in and with First Nations, Inuit and/or Métis communities. Methods: A qualitative approach was used, guided by a relational lens for collecting data and a constructivist grounded theory for data interpretation. Theoretical sampling was used to recruit 35 participants from three main study sites across two western Canadian provinces. Recruitment, data collection, and analysis using constructivist grounded theory occurred concurrently to ensure appropriate depth of exploration. Results: Our data analysis revealed five themes: Five themes were generated: Complexity of voluntourism as a concept; Diversity of knowledge representation required for developing curriculum; Effective models of care for First Nations, Inuit and/or Métis health; Essential traits that residents should have for working in First Nations, Inuit and/or Métis communities; and Building relationships and trust by engaging the community. Conclusions: First Nations, Inuit and/or Métis Health should be prioritized within Canadian postgraduate medical education. Equipping trainees to provide holistic care, immersing in and learning from First Nations, Inuit and/or Métis communities is essential for developing the next generation of clinicians and preceptors. We present educational recommendations for residency programs to optimize First Nations, Inuit and/or Métis health educational experiences and provide residents with skills to provide effective and culturally safe care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Injury causes significant burden on Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. However, a considerable portion of the research conducted in this area has been carried out by Western researchers. It has been acknowledged that historical research methodologies and discourses around Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander research may not be suitable or beneficial. Co-production methodologies offer opportunities for research to be developed collaboratively ensuring meaningfulness of results and appropriate protection for participants. A scoping review was undertaken to investigate the use of co-production methodologies in research within the unintentional injuries space for Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities over time. Main body: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, ProQuest, Embase and Indigenous Health Infonet databases. Study characteristics, remoteness, injury topic, co-production methods and elements were extracted from eligible studies. The search revealed 4175 papers, from which 39 studies were included in this scoping review. It was found that 69% of studies were fully co-produced with community. Studies predominately focused on general injury, falls prevention or brain injury rehabilitation. The most heavily utilised co-production strategy was the inclusion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander researchers into the writing and research team. This helped the collection of culturally safe data and appropriate interpretation of results. Conclusion: There is growing diversity among co-production methodologies, better enabling meaningful engagement between community and research. This co-production helps decolonise the research process to privilege Aboriginal voices, however, more work is needed to appropriately capture Indigenous perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the dietary patterns of First Nations is crucial for addressing health disparities and promoting well-being. Historical assaults (colonization and loss of control over their lands) have strongly altered dietary practices and impacted health outcomes for generations. Canada conducts regular surveys to assess the extent to which individuals adhere to dietary guidelines. However, Indigenous peoples living on reserves are excluded from these surveys. This study aims to assess the diet quality of First Nations adults using the Healthy Eating Food Index-2019 (HEFI-2019) and the Canadian Healthy Eating Index 2007 (C-HEI 2007) and identify their influencing factors. Data were collected from adults (19 years and older) across ninety-two First Nations communities throughout Canada. Participants provided information on sociodemographic factors and dietary intake using structured questionnaires and 24 h dietary recalls. Statistical analyses included mean scores and regression models to assess associations between dietary indices and influencing factors. The mean HEFI-2019 and C-HEI 2007 scores among First Nations adults were 35/80 and 49/100, respectively, indicating suboptimal adherence to dietary guidelines compared to the Canadian population. Factors such as region, age, sex, education level, number of working people in the household, smoking status, and traditional food intake significantly influenced diet quality. This study underscores the importance of understanding and improving the diet quality of First Nations adults as measured by HEFI-2019 and C-HEI 2007 scores. While acknowledging the low adherence to dietary guidelines, particularly in younger age groups, the study highlights the positive influence of traditional foods on diet quality within Indigenous communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decades, truth-telling commissions aimed at uncovering, confronting and providing justice for the past treatment of children have been established in many countries, including the Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse (RCIRCSA 2013-2017) and the Norwegian Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) (2018-2023). Journalism plays important roles both in triggering commissions of inquiry and in attracting public attention to their work and findings. This paper investigates media reporting on the RCIRCSA and the TRC. The Commissions were not similar in scale, scope or legal powers, however, they both generated spaces for public listening to stories about the consequences of past policies and present practices of child removal, abuse and racism that potentially could change the grand narratives of each nation. Our findings suggest that future commissions should pay particular attention to the structural power of news logics and mediation. We find, despite the widely different cases, consistent patterns of uneven and hierarchical media reporting and overshadowing of First Nations voices and aspirations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Adoption and refinement of monitoring and management techniques is important for improving the conservation status of threatened fauna, especially in remote areas with high logistical and financial costs. In Australia, many of these remote conservation projects are conducted by Traditional Owners and Indigenous Ranger groups, with input and support from various stakeholders including government and non-government organisations, and third-party ecologists. A collaborative approach to project development and adaptive management in response to stakeholder objectives is essential for long-term project success. Aims: In the remote context of the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY) Lands, we collaboratively develop a sustainable and robust monitoring and management method for warru (black-flanked rock wallabies) that recognises the skills, interests, and capacity of all project members. In developing this method over 22 years, we also evaluate the influence of rainfall and predator-control strategies on warru populations to inform optimised management. Methods: Practical and economic capabilities and preferences of both Traditional Owners and external scientists for monitoring and management actions were evaluated. Data from long-term cage trapping, and scat and spotlight counts of warru were compared with population trajectories, annual rainfall, and management strategies. Key results: Population indices with lower resource requirements, such as scat and spotlight counts, provide trends consistent with more resource-intensive capture–mark–recapture studies. The warru scat index was negatively associated with the scat index for a competing herbivore (kanyala, euro). Warru growth rates were positively influenced by rainfall. Contrary to initial results from other regions, warru populations declined during periods when we undertook predator baiting. By contrast, targeted shooting of feral cats and foxes was associated with increased warru population growth rates. Conclusions: These results suggest that a minimum of four groups of five scat quadrats in prime refuge areas and equivalent sampling in prime feeding zones (total 40 quadrats) is appropriate for rock-wallaby monitoring. Predator control via shooting appears preferable to baiting, which may have negative effects by removing dingoes, which prey on the competing kanyala. Implications: Predator control via shooting is an effective way to support warru populations, and repeated scat counts are an effective monitoring approach for warru. Nganana, ngurintjaku ngaranyi, panya yaaltji-yaaltjingkula. Anangu Tjuta alpamilalku kuka panya mawiyaringkunytja tjuta atunymara kanyintjaku ngurangka. Waaka tjutawanungkula nyakukatingi munu numpa tjuta tjunangi munu alpamilaningi warru tjuta New Well-lawanu. Waaka nyanga paluru ngarakatingi, 1999-nguru, 2021 ku wangkara. Warruku kuna tjutala nyangangi munu nampa tjunangi munula nyangangi tili pulkawanungku palunyatjananya nyakunytjikitjangku. Nganana kulira witinintjikitjangku palya warru nyakunytjikitjangku, palu mani pulka munu waaka kunpu warru witintjaku. Nyanga paluru wirunya ngarangi munu mani tjukutjuku, ka alatjingkalta Anangu tjutaku kutjupa kutjupa tjutaku mani ma-tjunkuku. Nganana wangkanyi panya alatji palyantjaku. Panya manta 8-pala ngaranyi. Kala alatji pukarangku warruku kuna tjuta nampa tjunkuku, manta 8-pala nyara palulanguru. Warru Tjuta winkiringu kapingku pulkara year winkingku puintjitjangka munu ngaya inura tjuta, papa inura tjutakulula pauningi nyara palularangka. Palu patjina tjunkuntjitjangku ma-mankurparingu munu kanyala tjutangku warru tjutaku mai ngalkula wiyaningi. Patjinangkukula papa inura tjuta iluntanangi panya papa paluru tjana kanyala munu papa panya nyatji pulkanya patjara ngalkupayi. Ka ngaya inura tjuta munu papa inura nyantji pulka tjutakutju nyakukatinytjaku munu palunyatjananya kutja iluntankutjaku. Alatjikula mukuringanyi palyantjikitja. We reviewed how the trajectories of a warru population (black-flanked rock wallaby) in the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands of remote northern South Australia responded to rainfall and to different predator-control strategies. Repeated scat counts provided a robust index of population changes while requiring less overall logistical and financial costs than did correlated mark–recapture estimates. The 22-year dataset showed positive response of warru to rainfall and to management of invasive predators by shooting, but not by baiting. Photograph by John Read. This article belongs to the collection: Indigenous and cross-cultural wildlife research in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Canada, recent advances towards reconciliation have introduced new collaborations between Indigenous and non-Indigenous governments, including for species-at-risk recovery planning. During these collaborations, Indigenous Knowledge (IK) is often requested, however, clear expectations of what IK is being sought and how diverse knowledge systems will be woven to produce tangible benefits to species recovery are often limited. Here, we provide a case study of a two-stage process to identify and collect IK components that can aid whudzih (caribou) recovery planning. First, we surveyed non-Indigenous government professionals involved in caribou initiatives to specify what IK would benefit recovery planning. Responses were used to guide the development of semi-structured interview questions. Interviews were conducted with knowledge holders from Lhtako Dene, a Southern Dakelh Nation in British Columbia, Canada with historic socioecological ties to caribou. Responses of government professionals highlighted 24 topics for caribou recovery, and interviews with Lhtako Dene knowledge holders revealed strong linkages between ecological and social information types. In some cases, the IK requested was not available from knowledge holders. Collaborations for caribou recovery would benefit from clarity on expectations and outcomes of IK sharing. We suggest that structured processes that respectfully facilitate IK requests and collection become commonplace in species recovery planning.

Abstract Background Injury causes significant burden on Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. However, a considerable portion of the research conducted in this area has been carried out by Western researchers. It has been acknowledged that historical research methodologies and discourses around Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander research may not be suitable or beneficial. Co-production methodologies offer opportunities for research to be developed collaboratively ensuring meaningfulness of results and appropriate protection for participants. A scoping review was undertaken to investigate the use of co-production methodologies in research within the unintentional injuries space for Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities over time. Main body A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, ProQuest, Embase and Indigenous Health Infonet databases. Study characteristics, remoteness, injury topic, co-production methods and elements were extracted from eligible studies. The search revealed 4175 papers, from which 39 studies were included in this scoping review. It was found that 69% of studies were fully co-produced with community. Studies predominately focused on general injury, falls prevention or brain injury rehabilitation. The most heavily utilised co-production strategy was the inclusion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander researchers into the writing and research team. This helped the collection of culturally safe data and appropriate interpretation of results. Conclusion There is growing diversity among co-production methodologies, better enabling meaningful engagement between community and research. This co-production helps decolonise the research process to privilege Aboriginal voices, however, more work is needed to appropriately capture Indigenous perspectives.

Oysters are an almost ubiquitous presence in coastal archaeological sites globally. Southeast Queensland is no exception, with oysters frequently the dominant taxon in midden deposits. It has been estimated the total number of oysters at Booral Shell Mound in the Great Sandy Strait to be more than 5.9 million individuals. This paper moves beyond just the number of oysters to examine the structure of populations within the deposits at two Southeast Queensland sites, Booral Shell Mound and White Patch 3, from an Applied Historical Ecology approach. In doing so, the nature and sustainability of First Nations marine resource exploitation may be determined. Additionally, environmental factors influencing molluscan population dynamics can be elucidated. Historical accounts provide insights into observed collection practices in the early colonial period, as well as the persistence of First Nations oystering and other marine resource exploitation in the mid-late 19th century in response to participation in the wider economy of early Brisbane. Reasons for the late nineteenth-early Twentieth century collapse of Southeast Queensland oyster populations are examined and attempts to revive the oyster industry reviewed.

As I write this, the world seems to be in a more precarious position than it was 30 years ago, when the Bachelor of Arts in International Studies (BAIS) at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) was established. In 1994, the Cold War appeared to have come to an end. That year an Accord was signed between Israel and Palestine, and Yasir Arafat, Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin won the Nobel Peace Prize. The discourse around global climate crisis had not yet emerged. The sharpened international geopolitical situation since 1994 cannot be sheeted home to our program, of course. But in 2024 the need for graduates with the skills, insights and cultural intelligence that language and culture learning and an immersive overseas experience gives—that our international studies students possess in spades—has clearly not diminished, hence the evolution of the BAIS into the Bachelor of International Studies and its exciting new options for international education.

The literature on municipal solid waste management on First Nations emphasizes the need to improve existing systems and attitudes and behaviours. Learning about programmes and systems can bring about these changes. This research examined how two First Nations in Canada learned about municipal solid waste management in an Indigenous context and the consequent impacts of their learning. The data show that participants mostly learned from close family relations and conversations with community members, while learning directly from Elders, ceremonies, and storytelling was limited. Intergenerational learning occurred, where the younger generation learned from the older generation and vice-versa. The impacts of learning included reducing municipal solid waste generation, avoiding packaging, and reusing items. This research concludes that Indigenous learning should be incorporated into municipal solid waste programmes because it is culturally relevant and helps create awareness. In addition, Elders should be deliberately involved in planning programmes, and municipal solid waste issues should be incorporated into ceremonies about land protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: First Nations patients often experience poorer health outcomes than non-First Nations patients. Despite emergency triage primarily focusing on severity, implying comparable outcomes for patients in the same triage group regardless of demographics, the precision of triage for First-Nations Australians may be undermined by multiple factors, although research in this area is scarce., Objective: To compare admission rates, service utilisation and mortality for First Nations and non-First Nations patients, based on their triage categories., Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilised data for all adults presenting between January 2016 and May 2021, to Alice Springs Hospital; totalling 175 199 presentations from 39 882 individual patients. Data were analysed for differences between First Nations and non-First nations patients for outcomes including 30-day mortality, admission to hospital and admission to ICU., Results: First Nations patients had significantly higher admission than non-First Nations patients across all triage categories (P < 0.001). First Nations patients in categories 3 and 4 had a significantly higher 30-day mortality (P = 0.039, P = 0.045, respectively). First Nations patients in categories 2 and 3 were significantly more likely to be admitted to ICU (P < 0.001)., Conclusion: First Nations patients appear to have worse outcomes than non-First Nations patients in the same triage category. Socio-economic factors and high discharge against advice rates from wards may explain the significantly higher admission rate. Under-recognition of serious illness at triage could be attributed to communication issues or a 'well bias'. The results raise many questions and further investigation is required., (© 2025 Australasian College for Emergency Medicine.)

Background: Transitional-aged youth have a high burden of mental health difficulties in Canada, with Indigenous youth, in particular, experiencing additional circumstances that challenge their well-being. Mobile health (mHealth) approaches hold promise for supporting individuals in areas with less access to services such as Northern Ontario., Objective: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the JoyPop app in increasing emotion regulation skills for Indigenous transitional-aged youth (aged 18-25 years) on a waitlist for mental health services when compared with usual practice (UP). The secondary objectives are to (1) evaluate the impact of the app on general mental health symptoms and treatment readiness and (2) evaluate whether using the app is associated with a reduction in the use (and therefore cost) of other services while one is waiting for mental health services., Methods: The study is a pragmatic, parallel-arm randomized controlled superiority trial design spanning a 4-week period. All participants will receive UP, which involves waitlist monitoring practices at the study site, which includes regular check-in phone calls to obtain any updates regarding functioning. Participants will be allocated to the intervention (JoyPop+UP) or control (UP) condition in a 1:1 ratio using stratified block randomization. Participants will complete self-report measures of emotion regulation (primary outcome), mental health, treatment readiness, and service use during 3 assessments (baseline, second [after 2 weeks], and third [after 4 weeks]). Descriptive statistics pertaining to baseline variables and app usage will be reported. Linear mixed modeling will be used to analyze change in outcomes over time as a function of condition assignment, while a cost-consequence analysis will be used to evaluate the association between app use and service use., Results: Recruitment began September 1, 2023, and is ongoing. In total, 2 participants have completed the study., Conclusions: This study will assess whether the JoyPop app is effective for Indigenous transitional-aged youth on a waitlist for mental health services. Positive findings may support the integration of the app into mental health services as a waitlist management tool., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05991154; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05991154., International Registered Report Identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/64745., (©Angela MacIsaac, Teagan Neufeld, Ishaq Malik, Elaine Toombs, Janine V Olthuis, Fred Schmidt, Crystal Dunning, Kristine Stasiuk, Tina Bobinski, Arto Ohinmaa, Sherry H Stewart, Amanda S Newton, Aislin R Mushquash. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (https://www.researchprotocols.org), 30.01.2025.)

Purpose: Systemic racism across healthcare systems perpetuates health disparities. While pharmacy curricula are changing, most pharmacy team members in Canada have received minimal to no training in First Nations cultural safety and humility. At the time this work was undertaken, no pharmacy-specific First Nations cultural safety and humility courses existed for practicing pharmacy team members., Description: Two online interactive modules were developed for pharmacy team members in British Columbia, Canada. The first focuses on anti-racism and forming relationships built on trust with First Nations clients. The second focuses on how to approach pharmacy-specific interactions with First Nations clients. Both modules leverage the CARE framework (being Considerate, Aware, Respectful, Empowering). Content was guided by a First Nations advisory group. A pharmacy advisory group helped ensure teachings could be actioned by pharmacy team members., Analysis: Many lessons were learned throughout this journey. These included the importance of relationships coming first and recognizing First Nations individuals for sharing their experiences. In relation to module content, lessons centered on determining and communicating project scope, having respect for information that is not ours to share and how much language matters. Lessons in the development process included how doing things in a good way takes time and the need to look beyond module content., Conclusions: These pharmacy-specific First Nations cultural safety and humility modules serve as a good step in affecting change within the profession., Implications: Having an awareness of the learning and unlearning that took place during our work may help other educators as they develop local culturally responsive projects., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors are not aware of any potential conflicts of interest., (Crown Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Issue Addressed: This scoping review aims to explore the size and scope of the body of literature relating to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander male health and wellbeing programs and describe key program elements., Methods: This review considered unpublished and published literature from electronic peer-reviewed databases and grey literature sources. Included articles must refer to an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander male health and wellbeing program. Descriptive data synthesised, and seven key program elements were analysed: (1) Origin of Design, (2) Governance, (3) Leads/Facilitators, (4) Funding, (5) Length and Frequency, (6) Outcomes and Measures, and (7) Monitoring and Evaluation., Results: The review identified 54 programs described in 49 publications that were published between 1998 and 2022. Only 20 publications were peer-reviewed articles. Most programs (n = 44) were instigated, co-designed or adapted by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to suit cultural and community needs. Reporting on key program elements varied, with only n = 25 of the included publications reporting governance systems., Conclusions: This work is the first to synthesise the literature and describe the key elements of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander male health and wellbeing programs. Relatively few publications were found describing programs designed specifically for this population group. SO WHAT?: While the descriptive findings of the programs and their key elements in this review can assist health promotion and primary care practitioners, further investment and research are required to strengthen the evidence base and achieve the best health and wellbeing outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males., (© 2024 The Author(s). Health Promotion Journal of Australia published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian Health Promotion Association.)