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Peiling Zhou,1 Shiyu Peng,2 Sizhe Wen,1 Qinghui Lan,1 Yingyin Zhuang,1 Xuyan Li,1 Mengliang Shi,1,3 Changzheng Zhang1 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Development and Education for Special Needs Children & School of Educational Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, People’s Republic of China; 2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Changzheng Zhang, School of Educational Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, 29 Cunjin Road, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, 524048, People’s Republic of China, Email neurozhang@163.com Mengliang Shi, School of Education, South China Normal University, 55 West Zhongshan Avenue, Shipai Street, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510631, People’s Republic of China, Email 20240169@m.scnu.edu.cnAbstract: The cerebellum has long been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and emerging evidence suggests a significant contribution by reciprocal neural circuits between the cerebellum and ventral tegmental area (VTA) in symptom expression. This review provides a concise overview of morphological and functional alterations in the cerebellum and VTA associated with ASD symptoms, primarily focusing on human studies while also integrating mechanistic insights from animal models. We propose that cerebello–VTA circuit dysfunctional is a major contributor to ASD symptoms and that these circuits are promising targets for drugs and therapeutic brain stimulation methods.Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, cerebellum, ventral tegmental area, neural circuit

Fengsong Chen,1,* Yanhua Huang,1,* Yongxia Liu,2 Yanwen Zhuang,3 Xiaowei Cao,3 Xiaogang Qin2 1Department of Gastroenterology, Nantong Haimen People’s Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226100, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of gastroenterology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Tongzhou District, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226300, People’s Republic of China; 3Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiaogang Qin, Email tzqinxiaogang@163.comBackground: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become a significant global public health challenge, demanding immediate attention due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Regular CRC screening is essential for the early detection of precancerous lesions and CRC.Methods: : We developed a novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) analysis platform that employs high-throughput microarray chips as carriers and Au/SnO2 nanoring arrays (Au/SnO2 NRAs) as substrates. This platform utilizes an aptamer recognition-release strategy to achieve efficient and sensitive detection of protein tumor markers. In the detection process, the strong affinity and high specificity between the aptamer and the target protein result in competitive replacement of the SERS nanoprobes originally bound to the substrate surface. As a result, the SERS nanoprobes carrying Raman reporter genes are dislodged, leading to a reduction in the SERS signal intensity.Results: The platform demonstrated excellent detection performance, with rapid detection completed within 15 minutes and limits of detection (LOD) as low as 6.2× 10− 12 g/mL for hnRNP A1 and 6.51× 10− 12 g/mL for S100P. Clinical samples analyzed using the SERS platform showed high consistency with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results.Conclusion: This platform offers strong support for the early detection, risk assessment, and treatment monitoring of colorectal cancer precancerous lesions, with broad potential for clinical applications.Keywords: colorectal cancer, precancerous lesions, surface enhanced raman scattering, aptamer, microarray chip

Xuanling Chen,1,&ast; Xuewei Qin,1,&ast; Yutong Zhuang,2 Zhengqian Li,3 Zhenhu Liang,4 Hua Zhang,5 Lan Yao,1 Xiaoli Li,6 Jianghong He,7 Xiangyang Guo3 1Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurosurgery, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, People’s Republic of China; 5Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 6The State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiangyang Guo, Peking University, Third Hospital, 49 huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China, Email puthmzk@hsc.pku.edu.cn Jianghong He, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, 119 South Fourth Ring Road West, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China, Email hejianghong@sina.cnObjective: To observe whether maintaining the appropriate depth of anesthesia with Bispectral Index (BIS) can improve the prognosis of Spinal Cord stimulation (SCS) implantation in patients with chronic Disorders of consciousness (DoC).Methods: 103 patients with DoC undergoing SCS implantation were reviewed, and 83 patients with DoC were included according to the standard of inclusion and exclusion Criteria. Patients were divided into a BIS group (n =45) and a non-BIS group (n =38) according to whether BIS monitoring was used during the operation. The depth of anesthesia in the BIS group was maintained between 40– 60. The anesthesiologist adjusted the depth of anesthesia in the non-BIS group according to clinical experience. Relevant information such as disease course, cause, anesthesia time, and operation time were collected. Preoperative CRS-R(preoperative) score, postoperative CRS-R(24h), and postoperative CRS-R(3m) changes were collected.Results: The CRS-R(3m) score in the BIS group was higher than that in the non-BIS group (preoperative), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In CRS-R (24h), the BIS group was higher than the non-BIS group, and the difference was statistically significant (X2=8.787, P =0.004). The improvement of consciousness was included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis model, and it was found that the thalamus was an independent factor affecting the improvement of consciousness (P < 0.05). During follow-up, 1 patient in the BIS group had a decrease in consciousness from MCS− to VS/ UWS and 2 patients in the non-BIS group died during follow-up.Conclusion: Patients can be benefit in hearing in CRS-R (24h). We recommend the use of BIS to monitor the depth of anesthesia in patients with DoC to improve patient outcomes.Keywords: chronic disturbance of consciousness, vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, spinal cord stimulation, general anesthesia, bispectral index, improved coma recovery scale

Shaojie Li,1,&ast; Qiangqiang Feng,1,&ast; Jiayin Wang,1 Baofang Wu,1 Weizhi Qiu,1 Yiming Zhuang,2 Yong Wang,3 Hongzhi Gao1 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People’s Republic of China; 2Internal Medicine, Quanzhou Quangang District Hillside Street Community Health Service Center, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People’s Republic of China; 3Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The Third Hospital of Quanzhou, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yong Wang; Hongzhi Gao, Email 120432246@qq.com; gaohongzhi@fjmu.edu.cnObjective: To develop a validated machine learning (ML) algorithm for predicting the risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Materials and Methods: We employed the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) to identify critical features related to pneumonia. Five ML models—Logistic Regression (LR), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Random Forest (RF), Naive Bayes Classifier (NB), and Support Vector Machine (SVC)—were developed and assessed using the training and validation datasets. The optimal model was selected based on its performance metrics and used to create a dynamic web-based nomogram.Results: In a cohort of 858 TBI patients, the HAP incidence was 41.02%. LR was determined to be the optimal model with superior performance metrics including AUC, accuracy, and F1-score. Key predictive factors included Age, Glasgow Coma Score, Rotterdam Score, D-dimer, and the Systemic Immune Response to Inflammation Index (SIRI). The nomogram developed based on these predictors demonstrated high predictive accuracy, with AUCs of 0.818 and 0.819 for the training and validation datasets, respectively. Decision curve analysis (DCA) and calibration curves validated the model’s clinical utility and accuracy.Conclusion: We successfully developed and validated a high-performance ML algorithm to assess the risk of HAP in TBI patients. The dynamic nomogram provides a practical tool for real-time risk assessment, potentially improving clinical outcomes by aiding in early intervention and personalized patient management.Keywords: traumatic brain injury, machine learning, hospital-acquired pneumonia, dynamic nomogram, imaging metrics

Junhua Zhu, Yue Zhuang, Wenjing Li School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yue Zhuang, Email zhuangyue@whut.edu.cnPurpose: The use of multi-source precursor data to predict the epidemic risk level would aid in the early and timely identification of the epidemic risk of infectious diseases. To achieve this, a new comprehensive big data fusion assessment method must be developed.Methods: With the help of the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) model, this paper proposes a risk portrait for the whole process of a pandemic spreading. Using medical, human behaviour, internet and geo-meteorological data, a hierarchical multi-source dataset was developed with three function module tags, ie, Basic Risk Factors (BRF), the Spread of Epidemic Threats (SET) and Risk Influencing Factors (RIF).Results: Using the dynamic functional network diagram of the risk assessment functional module, the FRAM portrait was applied to pandemic case analysis in Wuhan in 2020. This new-format FRAM portrait model offers a potential early and rapid risk assessment method that could be applied in future acute public health events.Keywords: epidemic risk, FRAM, model, big data portrait

Xian Du,1,&ast; Jun Hu,1,&ast; Jianhua Xue,1 Yuan Zhuang,2 Xuefeng Tang,1 Zhiyue Xu1 1Health Examination Center, Shanghai Health and Medical Center (Huadong Sanatorium), Wuxi, People’s Republic of China; 2The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhiyue Xu; Xuefeng Tang, Health Examination Center, Shanghai Health and Medical Center (Huadong Sanatorium), 67 Dajishan, Wuxi, 214065, People’s Republic of China, Email hepenxiaozi@163.com; 978665164@qq.comPurpose: Fatigue was a common symptom of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which seriously affected patients’ quality of life. The aim of this study was to detect fatigue rate and to evaluate factors associated with fatigue in NAFLD patients.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from the Huadong Sanatorium between April 2022 and May 2023, and 133 NAFLD patients were included in this study. They completed Fatigue Severity Scale to assess fatigue, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to estimate psychological status, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for sleep quality. Data were analyzed by independent samples t-tests, χ 2 tests and logistic regression models.Results: We found that 51.1% of NAFLD patients had fatigue. Exercise, anxiety, depression, subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disorders, daytime dysfunction and overall sleep quality were related to fatigue among NAFLD patients. Moreover, logistic regression models indicated anxiety, habitual sleep efficiency and sleep disorders as important predictors of fatigue.Conclusion: This was the first time to explore demographic, clinical, psychological and sleeping correlated factors for fatigue in Chinese NAFLD patients. Our study showed that more than half of NAFLD patients had fatigue, and anxiety, habitual sleep efficiency and sleep disorders were significantly associated with fatigue in NAFLD. The findings indicated that it was very necessary to pay more attention to fatigue of NAFLD patients, especially those with negative emotions and poor sleep quality by favorable intervention to relieve fatigue symptoms, so as to improve quality of life.Keywords: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, fatigue, exercise, anxiety, sleep

Yuan Zhuang,1,2 Ru Zhang,3,4 Miaomiao Li,3,4 Yaru Zou,1 Shui Jiang,1 Yanan Zhang,1 Shiguo Liu,3,4 Bo Yu1 1Dermatological Department, The Affiliated Hospital of QingdaoUniversity, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China; 2dermatological department, Women and Children’s hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China; 3Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China; 4Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Bo Yu, Dermatological department, The Affiliated Hospital of QingdaoUniversity, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China, Email yubo@qduhospital.cn Shiguo Liu, Medical Genetic Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China, Email liushiguo@qdu.edu.cnIntroduction: Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a genetic disorder that influences structures of ectodermal origin, such as teeth, hair, and sweat glands. Compared with autosomal recessive and dominant modes of inheritance, the X-linked HED (XLHED) characterized by Hypodontia/Oligodontia teeth, Absent/sparse hair, Anhidrosis/hypohidrosis, and characteristic facial features, is the most frequent and its primary cause is the mutation of ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene. This research aimed to expound the clinical and molecular features of a Chinese male with XLHED and to summarize and compare several previous findings.Methods: Genomic DNA was obtained from the peripheral blood of the proband and his family members, then Sanger sequencing was used to perform a mutational analysis of EDA. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to detect EDA expression. The transcriptional activity of NF-κB was detected using a luciferase assay.Results: The probandwith XLHED was identified a novel EDA mutation, c.1119G>C(p.M373I), that affected the molecular analysis of transmembrane protein exon8 mutations, inherited from the mother. He showed a severe multiple-tooth loss, with over 20 permanent teeth missing and sparse hair and eyebrows, dry, thin, and itching skin. Furthermore, his sweating function was abnormal to a certain extent.Discussion: The functional study showed that this novel mutant led to a significant decrease in the EDA expression level and transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Our findings extend the range of EDA mutations in XLHED patients, which provides the basis and idea for further exploring the pathogenesis of XLHED.Keywords: EDA, X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, gene mutation

Wei Peng, Yin Zhuang, Wei Cui, Wenjin Chen, Rupeng Chu, Zhenzhong Sun, Shujun Zhang Department of Spine Surgery, Wuxi Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Shujun Zhang, Department of Spine Surgery, Wuxi Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, No. 999 Liangqing Road, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13861741839, Email spine_zhang@vip.163.comAbstract: This study describes a patient with an intradural extramedullary (IDEM) tumor removed entirely using the unilateral biportal endoscopic technique (UBE), achieving satisfactory clinical outcomes. A 60-year-old woman had a diagnosis of meningioma with sensations and motor dysfunction in the lower extremities and perineum and gait disturbances for three years, which has worsened over the last month. Preoperative imaging data showed a sizeable IDEM tumor at the T10 level, significantly compressing the thoracic spinal cord to the right side, with 80% intraspinal encroachment. The IDEM tumor was removed entirely by UBE surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this study may be the first to report the application of UBE techniques for IDEM tumor treatment. In this case, UBE provides a magnified and clear surgical field, greater maneuverability, and a less invasive surgical procedure. The procedure objectives were pathological confirmation, spinal cord decompression, and complete tumor removal; all were met. The patient was satisfied with her dramatically improved clinical symptoms. UBE may be an alternative surgical treatment option for benign IDEM tumors presenting with symptomatic, especially the non-giant lateral and posterior tumors.Keywords: unilateral biportal endoscopy, endoscopic spine surgery, intradural extramedullary, tumor, meningioma

Yubin Zhu,1 Yilu Zhuang,2 Yawen Yu,2 Jinyue Wang,2 Yongtai Liu,3 Zhi Ruan,2,4 Wei Xiao,5 Yingying Kong2,4 1Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3The First Division Hospital of XinJiang Production and Construction Group, XinJiang, People’s Republic of China; 4Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yingying Kong; Wei Xiao, Email kongyy@zju.edu.cn; Xiaowei 2022@zju.edu.cnAbstract: Raoultella planticola is an emerging bacterial pathogen responsible for causing infections in both humans and animals. Unfortunately, sporadic reports of carbapenem-resistant R. planticola (CRRP) have been documented worldwide. Here we first reported the complete genome sequence of a CRRP isolate RP_3045 co-carrying blaIMP-4 and blaSHV-12, recovered from a patient in China, and its genetic relatedness to 82 R. planticola strains deposited in the NCBI GenBank database, sourced from humans, animals, and the environment. Whole-genome sequencing was performed using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 and Oxford Nanopore MinION platforms. Phylogenetic analysis was also performed and visualized using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based strategy. The complete genome of R. planticola strain RP_3045 was determined to be 6,312,961 bp in length, comprising five contigs that included one chromosome and four plasmids. RP_3045 was found to be multidrug-resistant and harbored several antimicrobial resistance genes, including both blaIMP-4 and blaSHV-12 genes located on a single plasmid. The most closely related strain was hkcpe63, recovered from humans in Hong Kong, China, in 2014, with 506 SNP differences. R. planticola strains were distributed globally and exhibited strong associations among isolates obtained from different sectors. This study provides evidence for the potential of R. planticola to disseminate carbapenem resistance across different sectors, highlighting the critical need for active and continuous surveillance of CRRP.Keywords: Raoultella planticola, blaIMP-4, blaSHV-12, antimicrobial resistance

In this study, the degradation behavior of flexible GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs (IMM3J) solar cells and their metamorphic subcells under 1 MeV electron irradiation was investigated. The remaining factors such as short-circuit current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), and maximum power (Pmax) were 95.62, 85.52, and 79.73%, respectively, at an irradiation fluence of 2 × 1015 e/cm2. The spectral responses of the InGaAs and GaAs subcells degraded significantly, and the InGaAs subcell experienced greater degradation than the GaAs subcell after irradiation. In addition, the current-limiting unit was switched from GaInP to InGaAs after irradiation. Defect analysis by deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) revealed that with increasing irradiation fluence, the defects that had the greatest impact on the performance of GaAs subcells were EV + 0.36 and EV + 0.42 eV. For InGaAs subcells, the defects that had the greatest impact on the performance were EV + 0.29 and EV + 0.24 eV. The decrease in the minority carrier lifetime is the main reason for the decrease in the electrical performance of solar cells, and the variation in the effective minority carrier lifetime (τeff) in the subcells with the irradiation fluence was calculated based on the DLTS results. At a fluence of 2 × 1015 e/cm2, the τeff of the GaAs and InGaAs subcells decreased from 2.93 × 10−10 and 9.10 × 10−10 s to 1.56 × 10−11 and 1.60 × 10−12 s, respectively. These results provide a reference for predicting the degradation of short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage of flexible IMM3J. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, composites based on Ni-doped ZnO nanorods and Ti3C2 MXene structure (Ni-ZnO NR/Ti3C2) were produced via a simple hydrothermal method for photocatalytic applications. Special attention was paid to their structural and optical properties. The composite exhibited a photocatalytic effectiveness of 88.2% in degrading methyl orange (MO) within a duration of 75 minutes when exposed to a xenon lamp. The enhancement of the catalytic activity was due to the one-dimensional ZnO nanostructure, the Ni doping, and the Schottky heterojunction is formed by the interface within ZnO and Ti3C2. Therefore, this work provides an effective strategy to fabricate metal oxide/MXene photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research on a novel preparation method for functional scaffolds from natural cellulose has attracted widespread attention in science and engineering. In order to obtain cellulose board which is similar to wood board in structure and mechanical properties, ice template, phase inversion under low temperature, and hot pressing were employed to fabricate board from natural cellulose. During preparation, ice template was used to control cellulose molecules arrange forming excellent orientation in the scaffold. Then, prepared scaffold was immersed in ethanol under −20 °C to remove salt ions used in cellulose resolve process, and keep the direction arrange of molecules in scaffold. Finally, prepared scaffold was treated by hot pressing for pushing off air in pores to form density board. Scanning electron microscopy image showed that prepared scaffold has directional cellulose arrange structure which was similar to that of wood. After hot pressing, the density of scaffold is increased. The mechanical properties of cellulose boards are enhanced with the increase of cellulose concentration, and the tensile strength can reach about 45 MPa, which has great potential in replacing natural wood boards. Our study provides new tactics for the use of natural cellulose in our life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study explored the potential connection between adenomyosis and pregnancy outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A study included data from a total of 1,208 pregnancies. The adenomyosis group included 334 pregnant women with adenomyosis, and women in the control group (n=874) had uncomplicated pregnancies. Data on pregnancy complications and maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared. RESULTS: The incidence of gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, and placenta previa was higher in the adenomyosis group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Adenomyosis was linked to a higher risk of postpartum hemorrhage (1,000-1,500 ml) but a lower risk of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (p<0.05). Diagnosis of adenomyosis correlated with increased incidence of low fetal weight (20.3% vs. 21.3%, p<0.05) and a low APGAR score at 1 min (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Adenomyosis correlated with a higher incidence of gestational hypertension, placenta previa, and gestational diabetes. At the same time, adenomyosis correlated with a significantly lower incidence of PROM compared to uncomplicated pregnancy. There was a significant increase in the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage and a higher risk of low fetal weight and lower APGAR score at 1 min in pregnancies with adenomyosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to explore the role of T helper cell 1 (Th1)/Th2 imbalance mediated by T cell glycolytic rate-limiting enzymes hexokinase 2 (HK2), phosphofructokinase-1 (PEK1) and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in oral lichen planus (OLP).

Objective To construct a radiomic model based on intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) for preoperative prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) differentiation and validate its clinical value. Methods Clinical and imaging data of 187 HCC patients who received surgical treatment in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June 2018 to January 2024 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. According to the postoperative pathological results, they were divided into low-differentiation group (n=58) and non-low-differentiation group (n=129), and randomly divided into the training group (n=149) and the validation group (n=38) with the ratio of 8 ∶2. Univariate analysis was used to assess the clinical indicators related to HCC differentiation, and then a clinical model was constructed. Pyramidimics software was used to extract the radiomic features of IVIM-DWI functional images, and minimum absolute contraction and selection operator logistic regression algorithm were employed to screen those highly correlated indicators with HCC differentiation. Support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR) and random forest (RF) algorithms were utilized to construct different image omics models. SVM algorithm was applied to construct the combined imaging omics and clinical model. The internal verification of the model was carried out by using ten-fold cross-validation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the diagnostic value and clinical benefits of clinical model, radiomic model, and their combination. Results A total of 4 060 radiological features were extracted, and after feature screening and dimensionality reduction, 24 features were finally included to construct the model. Among all models, the predictive performance of the radiomic model and the radiomic-clinical combined model was better than that of the clinical model. In the comparison between the radiomic model constructed by SVM algorithm and the radiomics-clinical combined model, the AUC value was 0.954 (0.908~1.000) for the former model, and was 0.943 (0.905~0.982) for the latter model in the training set, and there was no significant difference between them. In the validation set, the AUC value was 0.807 (0.640~0.975) and 0.876 (0.743~1.000), respectively, with statistical difference between the 2 models (P < 0.05). Calibration curve analysis showed that the radiomic model and the radiomics-clinical combined model had good goodness of fit. DCA indicated that the net benefit was higher and the threshold probability range was larger in both the radiomic model and the radiomics-clinical combined model, and the net benefit of the combined model was larger. Conclusion Both the radiomic model and the combined radiomics-clinical model constructed on the basis of IVIM-DWI functional images can better predict the severity of HCC differentiation before surgery.

To address the limitations of current deep learning-based methods in extracting contract bytecode features and representing vulnerability semantics, as well as the shortcomings of the traditional graph neural networks in learning temporal information from contract statements, a method for detecting vulnerabilities in contracts was proposed based on pre-trained and temporal graph neural network. Firstly, the pre-trained model was used to transform smart contract bytecode into a vulnerability semantics-aware contract graph structure. Then, combined with a self-attention mechanism, the event-driven temporal graph neural network was designed to extract temporal information during contract execution. Finally, focusing on reentrant vulnerabilities, timestamp dependency vulnerabilities, and Tx.origin authentication vulnerabilities, extensive experiments were conducted on a dataset of 120 932 actual contracts. The results show that the proposed method significantly outperforms existing approaches.

Abstract Background The initial randomized, double‐blinded, actively controlled, phase III ANEAS study (NCT03849768) demonstrated that aumolertinib showed superior efficacy relative to gefitinib as first‐line therapy in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutated advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Metastatic disease in the central nervous system (CNS) remains a challenge in the management of NSCLC. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of aumolertinib versus gefitinib among patients with baseline CNS metastases in the ANEAS study. Methods Eligible patients were enrolled and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to orally receive either aumolertinib or gefitinib in a double‐blinded fashion. Patients with asymptomatic, stable CNS metastases were included. Follow‐up imaging of the same modality as the initial CNS imaging was performed every 6 weeks for 15 months, then every 12 weeks. CNS response was assessed by a neuroradiological blinded, independent central review (neuroradiological‐BICR). The primary endpoint for this subgroup analysis was CNS progression‐free survival (PFS). Results Of the 429 patients enrolled and randomized in the ANEAS study, 106 patients were found to have CNS metastases (CNS Full Analysis Set, cFAS) at baseline by neuroradiological‐BICR, and 60 of them had CNS target lesions (CNS Evaluable for Response, cEFR). Treatment with aumolertinib significantly prolonged median CNS PFS compared with gefitinib in both cFAS (29.0 vs. 8.3 months; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17‐0.56; P < 0.001) and cEFR (29.0 vs. 8.3 months; HR = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.11‐0.57; P < 0.001). The confirmed CNS overall response rate in cEFR was 85.7% and 75.0% in patients treated with aumolertinib and gefitinib, respectively. Competing risk analysis showed that the estimated probability of CNS progression without prior non‐CNS progression or death was consistently lower with aumolertinib than with gefitinib in patients with and without CNS metastases at baseline. No new safety findings were observed. Conclusions These results indicate a potential advantage of aumolertinib over gefitinib in terms of CNS PFS and the risk of CNS progression in patients with EGFR‐mutated advanced NSCLC with baseline CNS metastases. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03849768

Abstract In this study, we investigated the metabolic behavior of the engineered Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 (pCD07239) strain during the acidogenic phase under varying glucose concentrations and pH conditions. Unlike the wild-type C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824, the engineered strain exhibited negligible butyrate production and simultaneous butanol production during the acidogenic phase under limited glucose condition of 25 g/L. Specifically, batch fermentations of the engineered strain with 25 g/L glucose at a pH of around 5.0 (initially uncontrolled) demonstrated butanol production of 2.99 g/L, while butyrate remained below 0.30 g/L. Separately, in batch fermentations at pH 6.0 with 90 g/L glucose, acetate production nearly doubled compared to fermentations at pH 5.0 with the same glucose concentrations, reaching a maximum concentration of 11.43 g/L, while butyrate production remained relatively low at 4.04 g/L. Under these pH 6.0 and 90 g/L glucose conditions, butanol production reached 9.86 g/L. These findings indicate that C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 (pCD07239) maintained low butyrate production, even under conditions favoring acidogenesis, and consistently produced butanol. Additionally, the negligible production of acetone at pH 6.0 further indicates that the traditional phase transition was not prominent, suggesting altered regulation mechanisms in the engineered strain. These findings highlight C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 (pCD07239) strain’s unique metabolic profile and its potential for efficient biobutanol production under diverse conditions.

Abstract In order to achieve accurate quantitative evaluation of the ageing state of oil paper insulation, an evaluation method of polymerisation degree (DP) of oil–paper insulation based on Raman spectroscopic plot is presented. Samples covering the full ageing stage of oil–paper insulation were obtained by accelerated thermal ageing experiments. The samples were tested by Raman spectra, and the Raman spectra were converted into Raman spectroscopic plot using Gramian angular field. Feature extraction was performed on the images using local binary pattern (LBP), and 28 feature variables were selected by competitive adaptive reweighted sampling and uninformative variable elimination. Finally, the DP prediction model was constructed by long short‐term memory neural network (LSTM). The training accuracy exceeded 90%, and the mean absolute deviation of DP prediction for 45 test samples was only 40.70. A new visual detection method for transformer ageing diagnosis is presented.

Abstract A wide variety of metabolic gene clusters exist in eukaryotic genomes, but fatty acid metabolic gene clusters have not been discovered. Here, combining with metabolic and phenotypic genome-wide association studies, we identify a major locus containing a six-gene fatty acid metabolic gene cluster on chromosome 3 (FGC3) that controls the cutin monomer hydroxymonoacylglycerols (HMGs) contents and rice yield, possibly through variation in the transcription of FGC3 members. We show that HMGs are sequentially synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum by OsFAR2, OsKCS11, OsGPAT6, OsCYP704B2 and subsequently transported to the apoplast by OsABCG22 and OsLTPL82. Mutation of FGC3 members reduces HMGs, leading to defective male reproductive development and a significant decrease in yield. OsMADS6 and OsMADS17 directly regulate FGC3 and thus influence male reproduction and yield. FGC3 is conserved in Poaceae and likely formed prior to the divergence of Pharus latifolius. The eukaryotic fatty acid and plant primary metabolic gene cluster we identified show a significant impact on the origin and evolution of Poaceae and has potential for application in hybrid crop breeding.

Abstract With the advancement of science and technology, coal-washing plants are transitioning to intelligent, information-based, and professional sorting systems. This shift accelerates the construction a modern economic system characterized by green and low-carbon development, thereby promoting the high-quality advancement of the coal industry. Traditional manual gangue picking and multi-axis robotic arm gangue selection currently suffer from low recognition accuracy, slow sorting efficiency, and high worker labor intensity. This paper proposes a deep learning-based, non-contact gangue recognition and pneumatic intelligent sorting system. The system constructs a dynamic database containing key feature information such as the target gangue's contour, quality, and center of mass. The system elucidates the relationships between ejection speed, mass, volume, angle of incidence, and the impact energy matching mechanism. Demonstration experiments using the system prototype for coal gangue sorting reveal that, compared to existing robotic arm sorting methods in coal washing plants, this system achieves a gangue identification accuracy exceeding 97%, a sorting rate above 91%, and a separation time of less than 3 s from identification to separation, thereby effectively enhancing raw coal purity.

IntroductionThe accurate and rapid detection of ginseng fruits in natural environments is crucial for the development of intelligent harvesting equipment for ginseng fruits. Due to the complexity and density of the growth environment of ginseng fruits, some newer visual detection methods currently fail to meet the requirements for accurate and rapid detection of ginseng fruits. Therefore, this study proposes the YOLO-Ginseng detection method.MethodsFirstly, this detection method innovatively proposes a plug-and-play deep hierarchical perception feature extraction module called C3f-RN, which incorporates a sliding window mechanism. Its unique structure enables the interactive processing of cross-window feature information, expanding the deep perception field of the network while effectively preserving important weight information. This addresses the detection challenges caused by occlusion or overlapping of ginseng fruits, significantly reducing the overall missed detection rate and improving the long-distance detection performance of ginseng fruits; Secondly, in order to maintain the balance between YOLO-Ginseng detection precision and speed, this study employs a mature channel pruning algorithm to compress the model.ResultsThe experimental results demonstrate that the compressed YOLO-Ginseng achieves an average precision of 95.6%, which is a 2.4% improvement compared to YOLOv5s and only a 0.2% decrease compared to the uncompressed version. The inference time of the model reaches 7.4ms. The compressed model exhibits reductions of 76.4%, 79.3%, and 74.2% in terms of model weight size, parameter count, and computational load, respectively.DiscussionCompared to other models, YOLO-Ginseng demonstrates superior overall detection performance. During the model deployment experiments, YOLO-Ginseng successfully performs real-time detection of ginseng fruits on the Jetson Orin Nano computing device, exhibiting good detection results. The average detection speed reaches 24.9 fps. The above results verify the effectiveness and practicability of YOLO-Ginseng, which creates primary conditions for the development of intelligent ginseng fruit picking equipment.

Abstract Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents an impending global health challenge. Current management strategies often face setbacks, emphasizing the need for preclinical models that faithfully mimic the human disease and its comorbidities. The liver disease progression aggravation diet (LIDPAD), a diet‐induced murine model, extensively characterized under thermoneutral conditions and refined diets is introduced to ensure reproducibility and minimize species differences. LIDPAD recapitulates key phenotypic, genetic, and metabolic hallmarks of human MASLD, including multiorgan communications, and disease progression within 4 to 16 weeks. These findings reveal gut‐liver dysregulation as an early event and compensatory pancreatic islet hyperplasia, underscoring the gut‐pancreas axis in MASLD pathogenesis. A robust computational pipeline is also detailed for transcriptomic‐guided disease staging, validated against multiple harmonized human hepatic transcriptomic datasets, thereby enabling comparative studies between human and mouse models. This approach underscores the remarkable similarity of the LIDPAD model to human MASLD. The LIDPAD model fidelity to human MASLD is further confirmed by its responsiveness to dietary interventions, with improvements in metabolic profiles, liver histopathology, hepatic transcriptomes, and gut microbial diversity. These results, alongside the closely aligned changing disease‐associated molecular signatures between the human MASLD and LIDPAD model, affirm the model's relevance and potential for driving therapeutic development.

Abstract Background Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment. Recent studies have suggested that the efficacy of immunotherapy can be further enhanced by the influence of gut microbiota. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of bacteria on the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy by combining analysis of clinical samples with validation in animal models. Methods In order to characterize the diversity and composition of microbiota and its relationship with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and GC–MS sequencing was performed on 71 stool samples from patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prior to treatment with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed from different patients into mice and a subcutaneous tumor model established using the Lewis lung cancer cell line to evaluate the therapeutic effect of PD‐1 on mice with varying gut microbiota. Results The results demonstrated a significant association between elevated gut microbiota diversity and response to treatment with ICIs, p 0.05. The diversity of gut microbiota consistently correlated with an optimistic prognosis in NSCLC patients with immunotherapy, which could be functionally mediated by SCFAs. Conclusion The findings of the present study indicated that the diversity of gut microbiota and SCFAs is related to the efficacy of immunotherapy. FMT can effectively delay tumor progression, and enhance the effect of immunotherapy, thus providing evidence for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy in NSCLC patients.

Abstract Background The initial phase II stuty (NCT03215693) demonstrated that ensartinib has shown clinical activity in patients with advanced crizotinib‐refractory, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐positive non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, we reported the updated data on overall survival (OS) and molecular profiling from the initial phase II study. Methods In this study, 180 patients received 225 mg of ensartinib orally once daily until disease progression, death or withdrawal. OS was estimated by Kaplan‒Meier methods with two‐sided 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Next‐generation sequencing was employed to explore prognostic biomarkers based on plasma samples collected at baseline and after initiating ensartinib. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was detected to dynamically monitor the genomic alternations during treatment and indicate the existence of molecular residual disease, facilitating improvement of clinical management. Results At the data cut‐off date (August 31, 2022), with a median follow‐up time of 53.2 months, 97 of 180 (53.9%) patients had died. The median OS was 42.8 months (95% CI: 29.3‐53.2 months). A total of 333 plasma samples from 168 patients were included for ctDNA analysis. An inferior OS correlated significantly with baseline ALK or tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutation. In addition, patients with concurrent TP53 mutations had shorter OS than those without concurrent TP53 mutations. High ctDNA levels evaluated by variant allele frequency (VAF) and haploid genome equivalents per milliliter of plasma (hGE/mL) at baseline were associated with poor OS. Additionally, patients with ctDNA clearance at 6 weeks and slow ascent growth had dramatically longer OS than those with ctDNA residual and fast ascent growth, respectively. Furthermore, patients who had a lower tumor burden, as evaluated by the diameter of target lesions, had a longer OS. Multivariate Cox regression analysis further uncovered the independent prognostic values of bone metastases, higher hGE, and elevated ALK mutation abundance at 6 weeks. Conclusion Ensartinib led to a favorable OS in patients with advanced, crizotinib‐resistant, and ALK‐positive NSCLC. Quantification of ctDNA levels also provided valuable prognostic information for risk stratification.

ObjectiveTo provide technical support for the molecular surveillance of pathogenic bacteria strains carrying mobile colistin resistance-1 （mcr⁃1） gene isolate from inlet of wastewater treatment plants （WWTP）.MethodsThe Enterobacteriaceae strains carrying mcr⁃1 resistance gene isolate from inlet of WWTP during April 1 to June 30， 2023 in Shanghai were cultured on blood-rich and SS culture medium and were identified using a mass spectrometry analyzer. The mcr⁃1 gene and copy number were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Drug susceptibility test was performed by microbroth dilution method. The copy numbers of Escherichia coli carrying mcr⁃1 gene isolated from wastewater and human fecel were statistically analyzed by SPSS 25.0.ResultsA total of 14 strains carrying the mcr⁃1 gene were isolated from 49 WWTP samples， and the positive isolation rate was 28.6%， including 12 non-diarrheal E. coli strains and 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. The drug susceptibility results showed that all 14 strains were multi-drug resistant bacteria. They were all sensitive to imipenem and tigecycline， but were ampicillin- and cefazolin-resistant. There was no significant difference in the copy number between human-sourced diarrheal E. coli and wastewater-sourced non-diarrheal E. coli （t=0.647， P>0.05）.ConclusionThe isolation and identification of strains carrying the mcr⁃1 gene from inlet of WWTP samples were firstly established in Shanghai. The multi-drug resistance among the isolated strains is severe. To effectively prevent and control the spread of colistin-resistant bacteria， more attention should be paid to the surveillance of mcr⁃1 gene.

BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia and depressive disorders exhibit abnormalities in perceptual processing. Previous perceptual studies are mainly based on asking participants to fill in a questionnaire， and little research has been undertaken on objective behavior in patients with schizophrenia and depressive disorders.ObjectiveTo explore the behavioral changes in vibrotactile sense among patients with schizophrenia and depressive disorders， so as to enrich relevant findings in objective behavioral research.MethodsFrom March 2021 to September 2023， 33 patients with schizophrenia and 31 patients with depressive disorders in the outpatient and inpatient departments of Beijing Huilongguan Hospital and met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） diagnostic criteria were enrolled. And another 34 healthy controls were concurrently recruited at Beihang University and Beijing Huilongguan Hospital. Patients with schizophrenia were assessed using Positive and Negative Symptom Scale （PANSS）， and patients with depressive disorders were assessed using Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item （HAMD-17）. The vibrotactile sensitivity of the left hand in all participants was tested in a delay match-to-sample procedure， and the correct rate of vibrotactile delayed discrimination task was compared among the three groups.ResultsCompared with healthy controls， a reduction was found in the correct rates at index finger， middle finger and ring finger in patients with schizophrenia （P0.05）. The average correct rate of vibrotactile sense in schizophrenia group was not significantly correlated with the duration of disease， age of onset， chlorpromazine equivalent doses and PANSS score （r=0.058、0.045、0.114、-0.194， P>0.05）. The average correct rate in depressive group was negatively correlated with age of onset （r=-0.415， P=0.020）， but not significantly correlated with the duration of disease and HAMD-17 score （r=-0.044， 0.142， P>0.05）.ConclusionPatients with schizophrenia and depressive disorders have impaired vibrotactile sense. The vibrotactile sense is impaired in index， middle and ring fingers among patients with schizophrenia， and in thumbs of patients with depressive disorders. Moreover， the impairment in patients with depressive disorders may be related to the age of onset. ［Funded by 2023 Hebei Provincial Graduate Innovation Funding Project （number， CXZZSS2023140）］

BackgroundThe development of executive function in adolescents is influenced by many environmental factors. Previous studies have found that perceived stress is closely related to executive function， whereas its role in the mediation of executive function remains poorly studied.ObjectiveTo explore the role of negative affect and self-hate in mediating the relationship between perceived stress and executive function in adolescents， so as to assist the improvement of executive function in adolescents.MethodsQuestionnaires were administered to 7 734 adolescents from five junior and five senior high schools in Rizhao city， Shandong province from 1 to 30 May 2022. Data were collected using a self-made questionnaire， and adolescents were assessed using Perceived Stress Scale （PSS）， Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Self Report Version （BRIEF-SR）， Patient Health Questionnaire （PHQ-4） and Self-Hate Scale （SHS）. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between variables. A Bootstrap method was chosen to examine the mediation effect of self-hate and negative affect on the relationship between perceived stress and executive function in adolescents.ResultsA total of 7 012 （90.66%） valid questionnaires were retrieved. BRIEF-SR score was positively correlated with PSS， PHQ-4 and SHS scores （r=0.564， 0.653， 0.597， P

[Objective] Due to continuous changes in the operating conditions of metro lines, abnormal vibrations between wheel and rail s occasionally occur, leading to fractures in the suspension components at the bogie axle-end and affecting the safety of train operation. Therefore, it is essential to conduct research on the fracture mechanisms of the axle-end suspension components. [Method] Taking the grounding terminals of bogie axle-end grounding cables of a metro train as an example, through line testing and data analysis, the reasons for grounding terminal fractures are analyzed, resolution measures involving mis-frequency design is proposed, and the feasibility is verified through on-site testing. [Result & Conclusion] The proposed resolution measures can reduce the stress at the grounding terminals from 90 MPa to approximately 30 MPa, significantly improving the stress state of the grounding terminals and enhancing their fatigue life.

The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is an important metric for measuring signal quality and its estimation has received widespread attention in various application scenarios. In this paper, we propose an SNR estimation framework based on deep learning classification. Power spectrum input is proposed to reduce the computational complexity. We also propose an SNR estimation method based on deep learning regression to overcome the inevitable estimation error problem of classification-based methods in dealing with signals with SNR not within the training label set. We conduct a large number of simulation experiments considering various scenarios. Results show that the proposed methods have better estimation accuracy than two existing deep learning-based SNR estimation methods in different noises and multipath channels. Furthermore, the proposed methods only need to be trained under one modulation signals to adapt to SNR estimation of other modulation signals, with superior transfer performance. Finally, the method using the average periodogram as input has stronger adaptability in few-shot scenario and requires lower computational complexity compared to the method with in-phase and quadrature (IQ) input.

Background: To systematically evaluate the relationship between the expression level of long noncoding RNA NEAT1 and the clinical characteristics and prognostic value of rectal cancer patients. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library database and case-control studies on the correlation between abnormal expression of lncRNA NEAT1 and prognosis of rectal cancer patients published by the American clinical trials registry before May 1, 2023 were searched. The search time was from the establishment of the database to May 30, 2023. Results: A total of 7 case-control studies were included, including 1063 cancer patients. The results of meta-analysis showed that the high expression of lncRNA NEAT1 was significantly correlated with the degree of differentiation [or=0.45, 95%CI=0.32-0.63, P

Abstract In order to establish a set of perfect heterojunction designs and characterization schemes, step‐scheme (S‐scheme) BiOBr@Bi2S3 nanoheterojunctions that enable the charge separation and expand the scope of catalytic reactions, aiming to promote the development and improvement of heterojunction engineering is developed. In this kind of heterojunction system, the Fermi levels mediate the formation of the internal electric field at the interface and guide the recombination of the weak redox carriers, while the strong redox carriers are retained. Thus, these high‐energy electrons and holes are able to catalyze a variety of substrates in the tumor microenvironment, such as the reduction of oxygen and carbon dioxide to superoxide radicals and carbon monoxide (CO), and the oxidation of H2O to hydroxyl radicals, thus achieving sonodynamic therapy and CO combined therapy. Mechanistically, the generated reactive oxygen species and CO damage DNA and inhibit cancer cell energy levels, respectively, to synergistically induce tumor cell apoptosis. This study provides new insights into the realization of high efficiency and low toxicity in catalytic therapy from a unique perspective of materials design. It is anticipated that this catalytic therapeutic method will garner significant interest in the sonocatalytic nanomedicine field.

The hydroxyl groups generated by hydrolysis are grafted onto the surface of BiPO4, and a stable surface hydroxylation structure is formed during the subsequent calcination process. This would facilitate the formation of a new hydroxyl functional structure on the surface of the parent photocatalyst without damaging its intrinsic structure. Synchronous illumination X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the hydroxyl functional ultrafine BiPO4 can realize the conversion of defective oxygen to lattice oxygen, which is more conducive in improving the photocatalytic efficiency. The process of filling hydroxyl oxygen vacancies and forming a stable structure is explored using in‐ situ infrared spectroscopy. The induced dipole moment promotes the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, which is beneficial for the enhancement of photocatalytic activity. The dipole moment of the hydroxyl functional‐modified ultrafine BiPO4 is −1.409 D compared to −1.385 D for ordinary BiPO4. The results of this study indicate that hydroxyl functional structure and reduced sample granularity are effective strategies to improve the photocatalytic performance of BiPO4.

Based on the self-developed high permeability water pressure loading system, the physical and mechanical properties and pore structure evolution under various high permeability water pressures were studied. This study aims to reveal the microscopic damage mechanism of concrete when subjected to high permeability water pressures. The results indicate that the internal water content increases with the rising of water pressure under various high permeability conditions. Furthermore, the higher the water pressure, the greater the reduction in strength, particularly evident in low-strength-grade concrete. High permeability water pressure causes to the expansion of gelatinized pores with small sizes into transition pores. Moreover, there is a concurrent alteration in both pore size and pore number under high permeability water pressure.

Ensuring the healthy growth of eggplants requires the precise detection of leaf diseases, which can significantly boost yield and economic income. Improving the efficiency of plant disease identification in natural scenes is currently a crucial issue. This study aims to provide an efficient detection method suitable for disease detection in natural scenes. A lightweight detection model, YOLOv5s-BiPCNeXt, is proposed. This model utilizes the MobileNeXt backbone to reduce network parameters and computational complexity and includes a lightweight C3-BiPC neck module. Additionally, a multi-scale cross-spatial attention mechanism (EMA) is integrated into the neck network, and the nearest neighbor interpolation algorithm is replaced with the content-aware feature recombination operator (CARAFE), enhancing the model’s ability to perceive multidimensional information and extract multiscale disease features and improving the spatial resolution of the disease feature map. These improvements enhance the detection accuracy for eggplant leaves, effectively reducing missed and incorrect detections caused by complex backgrounds and improving the detection and localization of small lesions at the early stages of brown spot and powdery mildew diseases. Experimental results show that the YOLOv5s-BiPCNeXt model achieves an average precision (AP) of 94.9% for brown spot disease, 95.0% for powdery mildew, and 99.5% for healthy leaves. Deployed on a Jetson Orin Nano edge detection device, the model attains an average recognition speed of 26 FPS (Frame Per Second), meeting real-time requirements. Compared to other algorithms, YOLOv5s-BiPCNeXt demonstrates superior overall performance, accurately detecting plant diseases under natural conditions and offering valuable technical support for the prevention and treatment of eggplant leaf diseases.

This study investigates viscoelastic guided wave properties (e.g., complex–wavenumber–, phase–velocity–, and attenuation–frequency relations) for multiple modes, including different orders of antisymmetric, symmetric, and shear horizontal modes in viscoelastic anisotropic laminated composites. To obtain those frequency–dependent relations, a guided wave characteristic equation is formulated based on a Legendre orthogonal polynomials expansion (LOPE)–assisted viscoelastodynamic model, which fuses the hysteretic viscoelastic model–based wave dynamics and the LOPE–based mode shape approximation. Then, the complex–wavenumber–frequency solutions are obtained by solving the characteristic equation using an improved root–finding algorithm, which leverages coefficient matrix determinant ratios and our proposed local tracking windows. To trace the solutions on the dispersion curves of different wave modes and avoid curve–tracing misalignment in regions with phase–velocity curve crossing, we presented a curve–tracing strategy considering wave attenuation. With the LOPE–assisted viscoelastodynamic model, the effects of material viscosity and fiber orientation on different guided wave modes are investigated for unidirectional carbon–fiber–reinforced composites. The results show that the viscosity in the hysteresis model mainly affects the frequency–dependent attenuation of viscoelastic guided waves, while the fiber orientation influences both the phase–velocity and attenuation curves. We expect the theoretical work in this study to facilitate the development of guided wave–based techniques for the NDT and SHM of viscoelastic anisotropic laminated composites.

IntroductionLupus nephritis (LN) is a severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to identify LN specific-genes and potential therapeutic targets.MethodsWe performed high-throughput transcriptome sequencing on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from LN patients. Healthy individuals and SLE patients without LN were used as controls. To validate the sequencing results, qRT-PCR was performed for 5 upregulated and 5 downregulated genes. Furthermore, the effect of the TNFRSF17-targeting drug IBI379 on patient plasma cells and B cells was evaluated by flow cytometry.ResultsOur analysis identified 1493 and 205 differential genes in the LN group compared to the control and SLE without LN groups respectively, with 70 genes common to both sets, marking them as LN-specific. These LN-specific genes were significantly enriched in the ‘regulation of biological quality’ GO term and the cell cycle pathway. Notably, several genes including TNFRSF17 were significantly overexpressed in the kidneys of both LN patients and NZB/W mice. TNFRSF17 levels correlated positively with urinary protein levels, and negatively with complement C3 and C4 levels in LN patients. The TNFRSF17-targeting drug IBI379 effectively induced apoptosis in patient plasma cells without significantly affecting B cells.DiscussionOur findings suggest that TNFRSF17 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for LN. Moreover, IBI379 is presented as a promising treatment option for LN.

Table tennis is regarded as the national ball of China, and in the actual process of competition, athletes should have both high technical and tactical levels and good physical fitness. This paper focuses on the changes in hitting skills and physical fitness of table tennis players after strength training. In order to establish a scientific training system and improve training efficiency, this paper designs a physical fitness monitoring method using big data technology. The monitoring method initially uses the backpropagation algorithm to process the physical fitness data of the athletes. To reduce the computational amount of frequent item sets, it is recommended to use the Apriori algorithm combined with the DC_Apriori algorithm for data mining on processed physical fitness data. Finally, the physical fitness training results analyzed by this fitness monitoring method were synthesized to develop a reasonable strength training program for table tennis players. The athletes were tested for changes in table tennis hitting skills and physical fitness before and after 4 weeks of strength training. By comparing with the athletes who underwent traditional physical training, it was found that the average score of table tennis batting skills of the strength training group based on big data analysis was significantly higher than the average score of the traditional physical training group. Comparative analysis of athletes’ physical fitness from four aspects: speed, strength, sensitivity, and endurance. Strength training based on big data analysis can significantly improve the physical fitness quality of table tennis players.

Introduction Postoperative delirium (POD) is the most common acute fluctuating mental state change after hip fractures in older adults. Postoperative pain is a Grade A risk factor for POD and is closely related to the prognosis of patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. The fascia iliac block has a definite analgesic effect and few side effects, and several studies have reported that it reduces the occurrence of POD in patients undergoing general anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery. Liposomal bupivacaine is a local anaesthetic with a long half-life that significantly reduces the use of opioids and is conducive to patient prognosis and recovery. However, whether regional nerve block analgesia can decrease the occurrence of POD in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery has not been reported.Methods and analysis This is a single-blinded, randomised, parallel-controlled prospective clinical study. Participants will be randomly assigned preoperatively to either the liposomal bupivacaine (ie, Exparel) or ropivacaine groups by block randomisation. Then, the occurrence of POD (primary outcome) and postoperative pain (secondary outcome) will be evaluated.Ethics and dissemination This research protocol complies with the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) 2013 guidelines and is approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai General Hospital (ID 2023–437). The original data are expected to be released in July 2029 on the ResMan original data-sharing platform (IPD-sharing platform) of the China Clinical Trial Registry, which can be viewed on the following website: http://www.medresman.org.cn.PROSPERO registration number ChiCTR2300074022.

In this paper, we use a logistic regression model to determine the factors of regional visual communication susceptibility evaluation with new media orientation and solve the joint confidence band level independently. The verdict results of the graphical-textual feature space define the relevant symbols of graphical-textual relationships. The confidence estimation parameters of the candidate graphic texts are determined, and the textual characteristics of graphic heterogeneity are mapped to the image unified feature space. The results show that the graphical text symbolization sequences of the design model in this paper are mainly distributed on the 0-2m·s−2 point interval, and the accuracy rate of the news expression effect reaches 82.3%. It indicates that the design model in this paper can design a new type of graphical-textual relationship and fully exploit the functions of pictures and texts.