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A [4+2] annulation reaction of o-acylamino-aryl MBH carbonates with 3-substituted coumarins has been developed. This method exhibits excellent substrate tolerance and constructs a series of tetrahydrochromeno[4,3-b]quinolin-6-ones with yields up to 95%. The application value of this method has also been demonstrated through a 50-fold scale-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the response of East Asian surface air temperature (SAT) to the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in boreal winter using the JRA-55 reanalysis dataset and the CAM6 model. East Asian SAT patterns in response to the boreal winter QBO vertical profile are derived from singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis. The leading mode of SVD (SVD1) shows an evident cold center over East Asia, while warm and cold centers show an east–west dipole in the second mode of SVD (SVD2). The corresponding QBO pattern in SVD1 has two opposite centers, with an upper-stratospheric easterly phase and a lower-stratospheric westerly phase; however, there is only one middle-stratospheric westerly center in SVD2. The SVD1-like QBO tends to cause more significant East Asian SAT anomalies than the SVD2-like QBO pattern. This difference originates from the response of the stratospheric polar vortex and the North Pacific circulation to the QBO. The SVD1-like QBO forces a cyclonic anomaly over the midlatitude North Pacific and an anticyclonic anomaly over China via a subtropical path and polar path, leading to a zonal pressure gradient and meridional wind anomaly over East Asia. Temperature advection driven by this meridional wind affects cooling and warming over East Asia. By contrast, there are no significant responses to the SVD2-like QBO over the midlatitude North Pacific, and thus, the corresponding East Asian SAT response is weak. Significance Statement: East Asian surface air temperature (SAT) variation is often attributed to variations in lower-atmospheric dynamics and sea surface temperature. Few studies focus on the role of the QBO. In this study, we diagnose the influence of the stratospheric QBO on East Asian SAT during boreal winter. Both reanalysis and simulated results indicate that the response of East Asian SAT is sensitive to the selection of multilevel QBO indices. This sensitivity comes from the changes in QBO's subtropical and polar influencing path. Our results provide a new perspective on East Asian SAT changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Person re-identification is extensively applied in public security and surveillance. However, environmental factors like time and location often lead to varying lighting conditions in captured pedestrian images, significantly impacting identification accuracy. Current approaches mitigate this issue through lighting transformation techniques, aiming to normalize images to a standard lighting condition for consistent person re-identification results. Yet, these methods overlook the fact that different content may hold distinct identification values under diverse lighting conditions. To address this, we conducted an analysis on the identification distance between images of the same or different pedestrians under pre-defined lighting conditions. From this analysis, we introduce the concept of optimal lighting: a condition where the distance between image pairs is minimized compared to other lighting scenarios. We propose utilizing this optimal lighting distance in the image retrieval process for final ranking. Our study, validated on synthetic datasets Market-IA and Duke-IA, demonstrates that optimal lighting is independent of image texture information. Each image pair exhibits a unique optimal lighting, yet consistently shows a minimum distance value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND The use of correctly sized blood pressure (BP) cuffs is important to ensure accurate measurement and effective management of hypertension. The goals of this study were to determine the proportions of pregnant women that would require small, adult, large, and extra-large (XL) cuff sizes, and to examine the demographic characteristics associated with need for a large or XL cuff. METHODS This cross-sectional study analyzed 1,176 pregnant women (≥18 years) included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2006 cycles. Recommended BP cuff sizes, based on American Heart Association recommendations, were categorized by mid-arm circumference: small adult (≤26 cm), adult (>26 to ≤34 cm), large (>34 to ≤44 cm), and extra-large (XL) (>44 cm). RESULTS Among US pregnant women, recommended cuff sizes were: 17.9% small adult, 57.0% adult, and 25.1% for large or XL. About 38.5% of non-Hispanic Black, 21.6% of Mexican American and 21.0% of non-Hispanic White pregnant women required a large or XL cuff. About 81.8% of women in the highest quartile for BMI required large or XL cuffs, which was significantly higher than women in other quartiles. CONCLUSION Roughly one out of every four pregnant women required large or XL BP cuffs. The requirement for large or XL cuffs was highest among non-Hispanic Black women and women with the highest BMI. For pregnant women, measuring the arm circumference and selecting an appropriately sized cuff is important to facilitate accurate blood pressure monitoring and hypertension management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To extract hemoglobin (Hb) from red blood cells using osmotic pressure swelling method, expected to achieve a hemoglobin dissolution rate of ≥80% and a cell membrane integrity rate of ≥70%. [Methods] Human umbilical cord blood red blood cells were used as raw materials and phosphate buffer solution was used as the swelling solution for red blood cells. A three factor three-level orthogonal experiment (n=3) was conducted to determine the optimal matching conditions for selecting the osmolality molar concentration of phosphate buffer solution, pH value of hypotonic phosphate buffer solution and volume ratio of hypotonic phosphate buffer solution to washed red blood cells. Red blood cell swelling solution samples (n=6) were prepared by the optimal matching conditions and the original process conditions. The hemoglobin dissolution rate and cell membrane integrity rate were checked. In the expanded comparative experiment, red blood cell swelling solution samples (n=6) were prepared by the optimal matching conditions and the original process conditions, which was filtered by ultrafiltration membranes. The filtration time and hemoglobin yield were checked. [Results] The optimal matching conditions for preparing red blood cell swelling solution were obtained through orthogonal experiment as follows: osmotic pressure molar concentration was 30 mOsmol/Kg, pH was 7.8, and phosphate buffer to red blood cell volume ratio was 6∶1. On the basis of the above conditions, the red blood cell swelling solution sample was compared with the original process sample: the hemoglobin dissolution rate was (82.4±1.8)% vs (78.6±3.0)% (P

［Objective］ At present, the bidirectional converter device in the traction power supply system of urban rail transit (hereinafter referred to as "urban rail") in China is in the promotion stage, and there exist multiple configuration schemes with practical applications. It is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the pros and cons of each scheme, unify the technical standards, and simultaneously conduct a benefit analysis of the device whole life cycle，so as to provide a basis for decision-making in engineering applications. ［Method］ Based on the advantages of the bidirectional converter device in terms of equipment function, DC traction power supply capability, comprehensive energy saving, and power quality, etc., and considering factors such as floor area, equipment investment, power quality, economic benefits, and reliability, a technical and economic comparison and selection of the existing five configuration schemes for the bidirectional converter device in China are carried out, and a recommended configuration scheme is proposed. In the case study of a certain urban rail main line, the comprehensive benefits of the bidirectional converter device in the whole life cycle in terms of energy saving, reactive power compensation, and stray current protection are analyzed. ［Result & Conclusion］ Through comprehensive comparison and selection, the scheme of one set of diode rectifier unit plus one set of bidirectional converter unit is recommended for the bidirectional converter device, which has the lowest cost in its whole life cycle. Adopting this scheme, it is estimated that the 20-year total life cycle cost of the above-mentioned urban rail main line will be reduced by 2.568 million yuan/km.

The attenuation of the Warburg effect is an important pathological feature of cognitive dysfunction, and enhancing the Warburg effect is conducive to improving cognitive function. However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction remain incompletely elucidated. ZiBuPiYin Recipe (ZBPYR) is a traditional Chinese herbal compound used clinically for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction with significant efficacy. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanism underlying its beneficial effects remains elusive. The objective of this study is to investigate whether the attenuation of the Warburg effect exists in a mouse model of cognitive dysfunction induced by knockout of the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha (PDHA1) gene in the hippocampus, as well as the interventional effect of ZBPYR. Using mice with PDHA1 gene knockout in the hippocampus and their littermate control mice as study subjects, behavioral experiments were conducted to assess the impact of PDHA1 gene knockout on cognitive function and the interventional effect of ZBPYR. We detected the expression of the Warburg effect-associated rate-limiting enzymes and PI3K/AKT pathway-related proteins. Subsequently, in PC12 cells, we explored the effect of the Warburg effect on cell apoptosis as well as the role of PDHA1 in the regulation of the PI3K/AKT–Warburg effect and the potential mechanism of ZBPYR in improving cognitive function. Mice with knockout of the PDHA1 gene in the hippocampus exhibited cognitive dysfunction, inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway, reduction of the Warburg effect, and neuronal damage. In vitro experiments indicated that silencing of PDHA1 in the hippocampus inhibited the PI3K/AKT–Warburg effect, leading to cell apoptosis and mediated the effect of ZBPYR in improving cognitive function. Our data not only suggest that the hippocampal PDHA1-PI3K/AKT–Warburg effect may be involved in the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction, but also demonstrate that PDHA1 knockout can abolish the beneficial effects of ZBPYR on cognition. This research aids in unraveling the cause of cognitive dysfunction and, therefore, offers a promising and innovative therapeutic target for these patients. A proposed mechanism whereby Hippocampal PDHA1 gene knockout inhibits the Warburg Effect leading to cognitive dysfunction and attenuates the beneficial effects of ZBPYR on cognition. [Display omitted] • Knockout of PDHA1 in the hippocampus can induce cognitive dysfunction in mice. • Inhibition of PDHA1 can suppress the PI3K/AKT pathway, decrease the Warburg effect, and ultimately lead to cell apoptosis. • ZBPYR can improve cognitive function, but this effect can be blocked by knockout of PDHA1 in the hippocampus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractExpected shortfall is defined as the average over the tail below (or above) a certain quantile of a probability distribution. Expected shortfall regression provides powerful tools for learning the relationship between a response variable and a set of covariates while exploring the heterogeneous effects of the covariates. In the health disparity research, for example, the lower/upper tail of the conditional distribution of a health-related outcome, given high-dimensional covariates, is often of importance. Under sparse models, we propose the lasso-penalized expected shortfall regression and establish non-asymptotic error bounds, depending explicitly on the sample size, dimension, and sparsity, for the proposed estimator. To perform statistical inference on a covariate of interest, we propose a debiased estimator and establish its asymptotic normality, from which asymptotically valid tests can be constructed. We illustrate the finite sample performance of the proposed method through numerical studies and a data application on health disparity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Targeted protein delivery with nanocarriers holds significant potential to enhance therapeutic outcomes by precisely directing proteins to specific organs or tissues. However, the complex interactions between nanocarriers and the biological environment pose considerable challenges in designing effective targeted delivery vehicles. In this study, we address this challenge by leveraging DNA-barcoded high-throughput screening. We construct a nanocapsule library via in-situ polymerization, incorporating various monomers to create nanocapsules with unique surface properties. In vitro and in vivo screening, using female mice, identify nanocapsules with high cell association and different biodistribution. Our investigation into kidney-enriched nanocapsules highlights the crucial role of polymer composition in biodistribution, demonstrating the potential of surface engineering for precise control over nanoparticle distribution. The kidney-enriched nanocapsule successfully delivers catalase, showcasing its therapeutic potential in mitigating cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Overall, our study presents an approach for identifying protein delivery vehicles, with the capacity to broaden the application of proteins as therapeutic agents or research tools., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interest., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Organic carbonyl compounds have been recognized as promising electrodes due to multiple active sites, abundant element resources and flexible structural designability, while their practical applications are still hindered by the easy solubility and low discharge potential. Herein, a novel bipolar polymer composite (TAC) was well-designed by grafting p-type triphenylamine units onto n-type anthraquinone to form an extended π-conjugated structure and in situ growing on carbon nanotubes, which was proved not only with higher discharge potential but also effectively suppress the dissolution issues. Moreover, TAC combined the advantages of different active sites and behaved a dual-ion storage mechanism. Benefitting from the in situ polymerization process, TAC with tube-type core-shell structure exhibited enhanced electron transport and improved utilization of active sites, resulting in high capacity (193 mAh g -1 ), outstanding rate performance (fast charging within 17 s), long-term stability (a high capacity retention of 87 % after 1000 cycles) and high mass loading (10 mg cm -2 ). Additionally, TAC can well adapt to the temperature change, outputting a capacity of 72 mAh g -1 at -60 °C and 165 mAh g -1 at 80 °C. Such versatile polymer structure inspires the design of high performance organic materials for rechargeable batteries to satisfy high stability and wide temperature operations., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The chronic myeloid leukemia is a malignant hematopoietic disorder in which the BCR-ABL kinase has been identified as the causative protein. The inhibitors targeting BCR-ABL kinase have been extensively employed in clinical management of chronic myeloid leukemia, significantly enhancing survival rates and prognosis for patients. Despite the extensive utilization of 1st to 4th generation BCR-ABL inhibitors in clinical therapy, the emergence of drug-resistant mutations necessitates an urgent quest for novel therapeutic strategies. The proteolysis targeting chimera technology represents an innovative strategy for protein degradation, directly degrading BCR-ABL fusion proteins while circumventing challenges associated with drug resistance. This review article provides an overview of current research progress on inhibitors and proteolysis targeting chimeras for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia through targeting BCR-ABL. We anticipate that this timely and comprehensive review will serve as a source of inspiration and guidance for pharmaceutical chemists in the development of highly potent BCR-ABL inhibitors and proteolysis targeting chimeras., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The extent of coordination-induced bond weakening in aquo and hydroxo ligands bonded to a molybdenum(III) center complexed by a dianionic, pentadentate ligand system was probed by reacting the known complex (B 2 Pz 4 Py)Mo(III)-NTf 2 , I , with degassed water or dry lithium hydroxide. The aquo adduct was not observed, but two LiNTf 2 -stabilized hydroxo complexes were fully characterized. Computational and experimental work showed that the O-H bond in these complexes was significantly weakened (to ≈57 kcal mol -1 ), such that these compounds could be used to form the diamagnetic, d 2 neutral terminal molybdenum oxo complex (B 2 Pz 4 Py)Mo(IV)O, 2 , by hydrogen atom abstraction using the aryl oxyl reagent ArO• (Ar = 2,4,6-tri- tert -butylphenyl). Oxidation of the neutral hydroxo derivative further facilitated the production of 2 by significantly enhancing the acidity of the hydroxyl proton. Speciation in these processes was probed by electrochemical and chemical experiments. The terminal oxo complex 2 was smoothly oxidized by one electron to the cationic [(B 2 Pz 4 Py)Mo(V)O] + [A] - derivatives [2] + [A] - (A = NTf 2 or Al[OC(CF 3 ) 3 ] 4 depending on the oxidizing agent used). Both Mo(IV) and Mo(V) + oxo complexes were fully characterized with their nucleophilic and electrophilic reaction behavior probed by conducting reactions with the Lewis acid B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 and the Lewis base PPh 3 . Neutral oxo complex 2 reacts only with the Lewis acid, while the cationic [2] + [A] - reacts only with PPh 3 , the former by adduct formation and the latter via phosphine oxidation.

Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) have been widely applied for phototheranostics. However, the disadvantage of in vivo long-term metabolism greatly suppresses the clinical application of SPNs. To improve the metabolic rate and minimize the long-term toxicity of SPNs, biodegradable semiconducting polymers (BSPs), whose backbones may be degraded under certain conditions, have been designed. This review summarizes recent advances in BSP-constructed nanoparticles (BSPNs) for phototheranostics. BSPs are divided into two categories: conjugated backbone degradable BSPs (CBD-BSPs) and non-conjugated backbone degradable BSPs (NCBD-BSPs), based on the feature of chemical structure. The biological applications, including cancer imaging and combination therapy, of these BSPNs are described. Finally, the conclusion and future perspectives of this field are discussed.

Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on giant molecular acceptors (GMAs) have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) and operation stability. However, the large conjugated plane of GMAs poses great challenges in regulating the solubility, over-size aggregation and yield, which in turn further constrains their development in commercial products. Herein, we employ a non-fused skeleton strategy to develop novel non-fused star-shape trimers (3BTT6F and 3BTT6Cl) for improving device performance. Single-bond linkage can break the rigid planarity to form a 3D architecture, generating multidimensional charge transfer pathways. Importantly, the non-fused skeleton strategy can not only significantly improve solubility and synthesis yield, but also effectively suppress molecular excessive aggregation. Consequently, due to the optimized film-forming process and charge dynamics, 3BTT6F-based binary device obtains a high PCE of 17.52 %, which is significantly higher than the reported fully fused trimers. Excitingly, 3BTT6F-based ternary device even obtains a top-level PCE of 19.26 %. Furthermore, the non-fused star-shape configuration also endows these acceptors with enhanced intermolecular interaction in the active layer, demonstrating excellent operational stability. Our work emphasizes the potential of non-fused star-shape trimers, providing a new pathway for achieving highly efficient and stable OSCs., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)