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Objective Faults are among the most prevalent geological structures in oil and gas basins. Because of their significant connection to oil and gas resources, they have consistently attracted the attention of experts and scholars in the field, making them a hot research topic. Although previous researchers delved tirelessly into the correlation between faults, oil, and gas, new theoretical breakthroughs have been steadily emerging and have been used to promote advancements in oil and gas exploration. Nonetheless, there continues to be a dearth of thorough investigations into the underlying links between faults and the formation and distribution of oil and gas reservoirs, as well as methods for comprehensively and quantitatively defining the connections between faults and oil and gas. Methods The formation of a fault from inception encompasses multiple stages of development, including implicit and explicit stages, and differentiating the diverse growth stages of a fault, ranging from the initial embryonic stage to the terminal stage, poses a significant challenge. To address this issue, the Dongying Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin was selected as the focal point of this study. By employing physical and numerical simulation techniques, the researchers sought to replicate the entire life cycle evolution of the Chennan Fault, a basin-controlling boundary fault, from its embryonic stage to its terminal stage while elucidating the distinct characteristics of each stage. Building upon this foundation, the relative ages of the primary faults in the Dongying Depression and the various modes of fault activity at different stages were qualitatively and quantitatively determined, leading to the establishment of a reservoir-control model. Results The research findings indicate that normal faults tend to grow in six distinct stages: the embryonic stage (0 < RA (relative age) ≤ 1), characterized by microfractures or induced fracture zones; juvenile stage (1 < RA ≤ 2), with an intermittent connection of fault geometry; mature stage (2 < RA ≤ 3), marked by the connection of plate-like fault geometry and clear fault throw; declining stage (3 < RA ≤ 4), in which induced fracture zones form on both sides of the fault core, resulting in a shovel-like fault geometry; terminal stage (4 < RA ≤ 5), ramp-flat fault geometry, which has complex derived structures; and death stage (5 < RA ≤ 6), in which fault movement stops or undergoes inversion. The activity pattern of a fault is intricately linked to the duration and intensity of its age. Stable continuous, and high-intensity fault activity promotes the evolution of faults into their terminal stage. Research on reservoir control traps indicates that faults can create reservoirs at all stages of their development. However, as faults age, their ability to control reservoir formation strengthens. The types of traps influenced by faults transition from individual, isolated structures to a variety of arrangements. Moreover, the diversity of oil and gas reservoirs evolves from singular to multifaceted, and the size of these reservoirs expands from small to large. The embryonic and juvenile stage faults primarily influence closure; the mature stage faults predominantly impact sand and reservoir; and the declining stage and terminal stage faults primarily govern the overall distribution range of source rocks, as well as the migration, accumulation, and dissipation of oil and gas. Conclusion The reservoir control potential of the Chennan Fault was assessed by considering factors such as reservoir control advantages, the degree of oil and gas enrichment, and the scale of oil and gas accumulation. The reservoir control capacity of the Chennan Fault was classified as “strong.” Reevaluation of the fault’s reservoir control potential from the perspective of its developmental and evolutionary stages significantly enhances and elevates theoretical research on fault reservoir control and also advances exploration efforts in established mature areas. [Significance] Identifying the formation age and evolutionary patterns of extensional faults has immense theoretical and practical importance for comprehending alterations in the fault’s reservoir control capabilities. Moreover, it offers crucial guidance for oil and gas exploration, particularly for enhancing the reserves in existing exploration areas.

In IoT (internet of things), most data from the connected devices change with time and have sampling intervals, which are called time-series data. It is challenging to design a time series storage model that can write massive time-series data in a short time and can query and analyze the persistent time-series data for a long time. This paper constructs the RHTSDB (Redis-HBase Time Series Database) storage model based on Redis and HBase. RHTSDB uses the memory database Redis (Remote Dictionary Server) to cache massive time-series data, providing efficient data storage and query functions. HBase is used in RHTSDB for long-term storage of time-series data to realize their persistence. The paper designs a cold and hot separation mechanism for time-series data, where the infrequently accessed cold data are stored in HBase, and the frequently accessed and latest data are stored in Redis. Experiments verify that RHTSDB has apparent advantages over Apache IoTDB and HBase in data intake and query efficiency., Author(s): Ruizhe Ma, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, USA, Weiwei Zhou, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China, Zongmin Ma, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China INTRODUCTION With the development [...]

Objective: The early identification and diagnosis of transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) are essential yet difficult in patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). To develop an evidence-based, nurse-leading early warning model for TA-TMA, and implement the healthcare quality review and improvement project. Methods: This study was a mixed-methods, before-and-after study. The early warning model was developed based on quality evidence from literature search. The healthcare quality review and improvement project mainly included baseline investigation of nurse, improvement action and effectiveness evaluation. The awareness and knowledge of early parameter of TA-TMA among nurses and the prognosis of patients underwent HSCT were compared before and after the improvement. Results: A total of 1 guideline, 1 evidence synthesis, 4 expert consensuses, 10 literature reviews, 2 diagnostic studies, and 9 case series were included in the best evidence. The early warning model including warning period, high-risk characteristics and early manifestation of TA-TMA was developed. The improvement action, including staff training and assessment, suspected TA-TMA identification and patient education, was implemented. The awareness and knowledge rate of early parameter of TA-TMA among nurses significantly improved after improvement action (100% vs. 26.7%, P < 0.001). The incidence of TA-TMA was similar among patients underwent HSCT before and after improvement action (2.8% vs. 1.2%, P = 0.643), while no fall event occurred after improvement action (0 vs. 1.2%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The evidence-based early warning model and healthcare quality improvement project could enhance the awareness and knowledge of TA-TMA among healthcare providers and might improve the prognosis of patients diagnosed with TA-TMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Challenges in direct catalytic oxidation of biomass-derived aldehyde and alcohol into acid with high activity and selectivity hinder the widespread biomass application. Herein, we demonstrate that a Pd/Ni(OH)2 catalyst with abundant Ni2+-O-Pd interfaces allows electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2, 5-furandicarboxylic acid with a selectivity near 100 % and 2, 5-furandicarboxylic acid yield of 97.3% at 0.6 volts (versus a reversible hydrogen electrode) in 1 M KOH electrolyte under ambient conditions. The rate-determining step of the intermediate oxidation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid is promoted by the increased OH species and low C–H activation energy barrier at Ni2+-O-Pd interfaces. Further, the Ni2+-O-Pd interfaces prevent the agglomeration of Pd nanoparticles during the reaction, greatly improving the stability of the catalyst. In this work, Pd/Ni(OH)2 catalyst can achieve 100% 5-hydroxymethylfurfural conversion and >90% 2, 5-furandicarboxylic acid selectivity in a flow-cell and work stably over 200 h under a fixed cell voltage of 0.85 V. Catalytic oxidation of biomass-derived aldehydes and alcohols into acids is challenging due to low activity and selectivity. Here the authors report a Pd/Ni(OH)2 electrocatalyst with abundant Ni2+-O-Pd interfaces that enables efficient electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with high selectivity and product yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problems of bottom pod leakage and soil removal by header, a soybean header profiling system was designed in this paper. The cutter height off-ground detection device was installed on both sides of the header, and the cutter distance from the ground was represented by the angle sensor turning when the profiling wheel met the rolling ground. The hydraulic electromagnetic reversing valve was installed so that the profiling system could automatically control the lifting of the header, the unilateral power of the solenoid valve was 0.15 s, and the height of the cutter from the ground was changed by 10 mm. The height of the cutter off the ground was set to 80 mm, and the adjustment range of the soybean header profiling system was 45–125 mm. The test results showed that the maximum absolute error of the cutter off the ground height detection device was 5.98 mm, the minimum absolute error was 1.00 mm, and the relative error was 0.038. The cutter height adjustment device was powered for 0.15 s, and the average adjustment distance was 11.158 mm. The soybean header profiling system did not shovel soil during field harvest, and the stubble height of 85% of soybean plants was less than 10 mm from the set height after harvest. The results showed that the soybean header profiling system could effectively adjust the cutter height from the ground so that the cutter height from the ground was kept at 80 mm. This study could provide a reference for the intelligent design of soybean harvesters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To clarify the migration and accumulation of nitrogen (N), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) in soil profiles of plastic-greenhouse vegetable fields with cultivation years, soil samples from the 0–7 m soil profiles were collected from 10 pepper greenhouses with 10 and 20 years planting history, and parallel soil samples were taken from adjacent wheat-maize fields as controls. The results showed that: (1) Compared with wheat-maize fields, the total N amount in the 0–7 m soil layers from the greenhouses increased by 6.19 ± 1.16 and 9.11 ± 3.43 t ha−1 at 10 and 20 years, respectively, accounting for about 30.4% and 17.5% of the N input. (2) The N amount that entered the environment outside the 0–7 m soil layers were 6.95 t ± 2.76 and 29.10 ± 10.14 t ha−1 after 10 and 20 years of continuous planting, accounting for approximately 34.2% and 55.9% of the N input, respectively. (3) The concentration of water-soluble Ca and Mg in the 0–7 m soil layers increased significantly with cultivation years, and correlated positively with mineral N concentration. (4) Moreover, K mainly accumulates in the form of non-exchangeable K in the surface layers (0–50 cm). Our results demonstrated that huge amounts of N migrate to the deep soil with the extension of cultivation years in plastic-greenhouse pepper production systems, accompanied by significant leaching of Ca and Mg, while K mainly accumulates in the surface layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interlayer-sliding faults play a crucial role in governing the distribution of metal deposits. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which these faults control the spatial arrangement of ore bodies throughout the evolution of fault–fold structures remains unclear. Here, we formulated three series of experimental models to explore variations in deformation and alterations in the mechanical characteristics of interlayer-sliding faults throughout the evolution of the thrust–fold structures. The experimental results indicate that the thrust faults formed in the three series of experiments all propagate in a piggyback propagation, displaying an imbricate thrust in cross-sections. Compared with Model 1 and Model 2, Model 3 demonstrates the longest transmission distance of the deformation front, the smallest thrust wedge taper angle, the fewest thrust faults with the largest spacing, and a reduction in the dip angle of the thrust fault. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) showed that in the top view, the position of minimum horizontal strain in each stage is the position of thrust faults. In the cross-sectional view, the development location of thrust faults shows the low-value area of the velocity field and surface strain field, and the development location of the interlayer-sliding fault and tensile space in the core of the fold displays the high-value area of velocity field and surface strain field. The structural characteristics of experiment 3 are highly similar to the actual geological model, indicating that there is a certain ore-hosting space in the Dengying Formation deep in the deposit. Although the expansion zone in the deep area is smaller than that in the shallow area, it still has favorable prospecting prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]