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Based on the new energy power prediction data with the highest probability of occurrence to check the security and stability of the deterministic dispatching plan, the conclusion is quite different from the actual situation of the power grid. In order to improve the adaptability of the results, a security and stability checking method of dispatching plan considering uncertainty of new energy is proposed. Based on the quantitative assessment results of the safety and stability of traditional deterministic dispatching plan, a safety and stability margin minimization model with confidence interval constraints on the predicted power of new energy stations is constructed to realize effective identification of high-risk planning modes. Based on the active power sensitivity, the equivalence aggregation and uncertainty variable dimensionality reduction of new energy stations are carried out to improve the efficiency of the security and stability margin minimization model. Based on the parallel processing platform, the multi-mode grouping parallel security check of the dispatching plan is carried out. The results of security and stability check considering the uncertainty of new energy power prediction are obtained. The proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy and timeliness of the security and stability check of the high-proportion new energy grid dispatching plan. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by an actual grid case.

Coal mining in the Loess Plateau can very easily generate ground cracks, and these cracks can immediately result in ventilation trouble under the mine shaft, runoff disturbance, and vegetation destruction. Advanced UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) high-resolution mapping and DL (Deep Learning) are introduced as the key methods to quickly delineate coal mining ground surface cracks for disaster prevention. Firstly, the dataset named the Ground Cracks of Coal Mining Area Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (GCCMA-UAV) is built, with a ground resolution of 3 cm, which is suitable to make a 1:500 thematic map of the ground crack. This GCCMA-UAV dataset includes 6280 images of ground cracks, and the size of the imagery is 256 × 256 pixels. Secondly, the DRA-UNet model is built effectively for coal mining ground surface crack delineation. This DRA-UNet model is an improved UNet DL model, which mainly includes the DAM (Dual Dttention Dechanism) module, the RN (residual network) module, and the ASPP (Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling) module. The DRA-UNet model shows the highest recall rate of 77.29% when the DRA-UNet was compared with other similar DL models, such as DeepLabV3+, SegNet, PSPNet, and so on. DRA-UNet also has other relatively reliable indicators; the precision rate is 84.92% and the F1 score is 78.87%. Finally, DRA-UNet is applied to delineate cracks on a DOM (Digital Orthophoto Map) of 3 km2 in the mining workface area, with a ground resolution of 3 cm. There were 4903 cracks that were delineated from the DOM in the Huojitu Coal Mine Shaft. This DRA-UNet model effectively improves the efficiency of crack delineation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aloperine (ALO), a quinolizidine‐type alkaloid isolated from a natural Chinese herb, has shown promising antitumor effects. Nevertheless, its common mechanism of action and specific target remain elusive. Here, it is demonstrated that ALO inhibits the proliferation and migration of non‐small cell lung cancer cell lines in vitro and the tumor development in several mouse tumor models in vivo. Mechanistically, ALO inhibits the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes and the autophagic flux, leading to the accumulation of sequestosome‐1 (SQSTM1) and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby inducing tumor cell apoptosis and preventing tumor growth. Knockdown of SQSTM1 in cells inhibits ROS production and reverses ALO‐induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, VPS4A is identified as a direct target of ALO, and the amino acids F153 and D263 of VPS4A are confirmed as the binding sites for ALO. Knockout of VPS4A in H1299 cells demonstrates a similar biological effect as ALO treatment. Additionally, ALO enhances the efficacy of the anti‐PD‐L1/TGF‐β bispecific antibody in inhibiting LLC‐derived subcutaneous tumor models. Thus, ALO is first identified as a novel late‐stage autophagy inhibitor that triggers tumor cell death by targeting VPS4A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogels are widely used as wound healing dressings to repair wound tissues because of their good biocompatibility. However, issues of excessive swelling and the disordered release of loaded drugs remain to be addressed in practical wound-healing applications. In this study, we designed a near-infrared- (NIR-) responsive composite nanofiber-based hydrogel patch (NIR-NFHP). The nanofibers embedded in the hydrogel inhibited its swelling, such that the swelling rate of the composite was only 1.3. Meanwhile, during the proliferative phase of wound healing, the orderly and stable release of deferoxamine through the on/off NIR response achieved a controlled and hierarchical release of drugs. During the acute inflammatory phase of wound healing, the fast release of valsartan provided a strong anti-inflammatory environment. The synergistic effects of anti-inflammatory and vascularization responses achieved improved the wound healing rate up to 95%. Based on its antiswelling effects as well as the controlled and hierarchical release of drugs, we believed that this NIR-responsive nanofiber hydrogel patch has broad prospects for applications as a dressing in the field of wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In multi-seam mining, as mining ranges expand and depths increase, the strong ground pressure exerted on the lower coal-seam working faces (WFs) or roadways by coal pillars (CPs) and the hard roof between the interburdens becomes increasingly severe, leading to periodic roof-fall accidents. This study focused on the 42108 WF of the 4-2 coal seam in the Buertai Coal Mine of Shandong mining. It combined field tests, theoretical research, and numerical calculations to investigate the superposition or amplification of ground pressure as WF traversed the CP with the hard roof between interburdens. The ground pressure behavior of WF entering and exiting the CP stage progressed from strong to weak: exiting the CP > under the CP > entering the CP, with the CP stage being prone to a strong ground pressure occurrence. We proposed the influence mechanism of strong ground pressure and a seesaw structural mechanics model under the mining conditions with parallel CPs and hard roofs. The relationship between the geometric structure movement and stress evolution of the seesaw space of the overlying hard roof was analyzed, revealing the mechanism behind stress increase, evident damage, and the likelihood of dynamic disasters within 5-10 m from the CP boundary of the WF. The stress concentration factor (SCF) of the advance abutment pressure in the coal wall was the primary controlling factor determining seesaw instability, effectively ensuring safe and efficient mining practices. This research holds significant theoretical importance and practical engineering value for controlling strong mine pressure under the overlying CPs and hard roofs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the performance of two types of multi-encapsulated electrode (MEE) plasma actuators, compared to typical dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuators, in quiescent air. The objective is to determine whether the multiple encapsulated structure can enhance the performance of the plasma actuator. In the present paper, flow characteristics are investigated by using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and Schlieren visualisation. In addition, the distribution of body force over the gas volume based on the Navier–Stokes equations is calculated from velocity measurements. The obtained results demonstrate that the starting vortex behavior is influenced by electrode arrangement. Specifically, it can be observed that when the first encapsulated electrode is positioned closer to the exposed electrode, then a significantly higher induced velocity can be obtained compared to the baseline condition. In fact, the induced velocity can be increased by up to 1.5 times under this optimize configuration. These results highlight the importance of electrode arrangement in the plasma actuator design. Based on body force estimation, MEE plasma actuators exhibit a significantly higher momentum transfer, particularly in the wall normal direction. The investigation on the mechanical efficiency also reveals that the optimized configuration proposed in the present study can significantly enhance the efficiency. In fact, a four-fold increase in maximum efficiency compared to the typical configuration is observed. These results suggest that the proposed configuration could be considered a promising solution for improving the mechanical efficiency of plasma actuators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Isopropyl 4‐(2‐chloro‐6‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)benzamido)benzoate (TPB) was a 1,2,4‐triazole benzoyl arylamine derivative with excellent antifungal activity, especially against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt). Its mechanism of action was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, assays of sterol composition, cell membrane permeability, intracellular ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential, and mPTP permeability, ROS measurement, RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) analysis. RESULTS: TPB interfered with ergosterol synthesis, reducing ergosterol content, increasing toxic intermediates, and finally causing biomembrane disruption such as increasing cell membrane permeability and content leakage, and destruction of organelle membranes such as coarse endoplasmic reticulum and vacuole. Moreover, TPB destroyed the function of adenine nucleotide transferase (ANT), leading to ATP transport obstruction in mitochondria, inhibiting mPTP opening, inducing intracellular ROS accumulation and mitochondrial membrane potential loss, finally resulting in mitochondrial damage including mitochondria swelled, mitochondrial membrane dissolved, and cristae destroyed and reduced. RNA‐seq analyses showed that TPB increased the expression of ERG11, ERG24, ERG6, ERG5, ERG3 and ERG2 genes in ergosterol synthesis pathway, interfered with the expression of genes (NDUFS5, ATPeV0E, NCA2 and Pam17) related to mitochondrial structure, and inhibited the expression of genes (WrbA and GST) related to anti‐oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS: TPB exhibited excellent antifungal activity against Ggt by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis and destroying ANT function. So, TPB was a novel compound with dual‐target mechanism of action and can be considered a promising novel fungicide for the control of wheat Take‐all. The results provided new guides for the structural design of active compounds and powerful tools for pathogen resistance management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of 2‐oxazolones in the presence of a chiral diamine ruthenium catalyst with potassium formate as a hydrogen source and potassium carbonate as an additive in 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol is described. A series of chiral 2‐oxazolidinones were obtained with 29%–95% yields and 86%–>99% ee's. Furthermore, gram‐scale synthesis of chiral 2‐oxazolidinone and its downstream derivatizations demonstrate the practicality of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Trends in cardiovascular risk factor prevalence, treatment, and control among US adolescents aged 12 to 19 years, 2001 to March 2020" published in BMC Medicine. The authors have identified errors in the original article and provide clarifications. The errors include an inverted number in a figure, a typo in the abstract section, an error in a sentence regarding the use of antidiabetic medication, and a correction to a footnote regarding the definition of hypertension treatment. The authors have acknowledged and addressed these errors. [Extracted from the article]

The six‐degree‐of‐freedom (6‐DOF) micromotion mechanism is a key component in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) projection lithography objectives to compensate for wavefront aberration and ensure performance stability. It is required to have high precision and high reliability. A 6‐DOF mirror micromotion mechanism of an EUV lithography objective lens with Stewart configuration is proposed, and based on the RPY (Roll‐Pitch‐Yaw) angular rotation method and the second‐type Lagrange method, the kinematic and dynamic models of the mechanism are constructed to realize the decoupling of the mechanism's kinematics and the solution of the driving force. Comparative verification with finite element transient analysis shows that the response value of the dynamic model and the finite element method (FEM) differs by 4.8% in a specific posture. A hybrid optimization method, combining genetic algorithms and particle‐swarm optimization (GA‐PSO), was proposed to optimize the structural parameters of the initial design of the motion outriggers in a micromotion mechanism. The results demonstrate a 15.1% reduction in maximum driving force, significantly enhancing outrigger driving smoothness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Early-life cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) are known to be associated with target organ damage during adolescence and premature cardiovascular morbidity and mortality during adulthood. However, contemporary data describing whether the prevalence of CVRFs and treatment and control rates have changed are limited. This study aimed to examine the temporal trends in the prevalence, treatment, and control of CVRFs among US adolescents over the past 2 decades. Methods: This is a serial cross-sectional study using data from nine National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles (January 2001—March 2020). US adolescents (aged 12 to 19 years) with information regarding CVRFs (including hypertension, elevated blood pressure [BP], diabetes, prediabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, overweight, cigarette use, inactive physical activity, and poor diet quality) were included. Age-adjusted trends in CVRF prevalence, treatment, and control were examined. Joinpoint regression analysis was performed to estimate changes in the prevalence, treatment, and control over time. The variation by sociodemographic characteristics were also described. Results: A total of 15,155 US adolescents aged 12 to 19 years (representing ≈ 32.4 million people) were included. From 2001 to March 2020, there was an increase in the prevalence of prediabetes (from 12.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 10.2%-14.9%] to 37.6% [95% CI, 29.1%-46.2%]) and overweight/obesity (from 21.1% [95% CI, 19.3%-22.8%] to 24.8% [95% CI, 21.4%-28.2%]; from 16.0% [95% CI, 14.1%-17.9%] to 20.3% [95% CI, 17.9%-22.7%]; respectively), no improvement in the prevalence of elevated BP (from 10.4% [95% CI, 8.9%-11.8%] to 11.0% [95% CI, 8.7%-13.4%]), diabetes (from 0.7% [95% CI, 0.2%-1.2%] to 1.2% [95% CI, 0.3%-2.2%]), and poor diet quality (from 76.1% [95% CI, 74.0%-78.2%] to 71.7% [95% CI, 68.5%-74.9%]), and a decrease in the prevalence of hypertension (from 8.1% [95% CI, 6.9%-9.4%] to 5.5% [95% CI, 3.7%-7.3%]), hyperlipidemia (from 34.2% [95% CI, 30.9%-37.5%] to 22.8% [95% CI, 18.7%-26.8%]), cigarette use (from 18.0% [95% CI, 15.7%-20.3%] to 3.5% [95% CI, 2.0%-5.0%]), and inactive physical activity (from 83.0% [95% CI, 80.7%-85.3%] to 9.5% [95% CI, 4.2%-14.8%]). Sex and race/ethnicity affected the evolution of CVRF prevalence differently. Whilst treatment rates for hypertension and diabetes did not improve significantly (from 9.6% [95% CI, 3.5%-15.8%] to 6.0% [95% CI, 1.4%-10.6%]; from 51.0% [95% CI, 23.3%-78.7%] to 26.5% [95% CI, 0.0%-54.7%]; respectively), BP control was relatively stable (from 75.7% [95% CI, 56.8%-94.7%] to 73.5% [95% CI, 40.3%-100.0%]), while glycemic control improved to a certain extent, although it remained suboptimal (from 11.8% [95% CI, 0.0%-31.5%] to 62.7% [95% CI, 62.7%-62.7%]). Conclusions: From 2001 to March 2020, although prediabetes and overweight/obesity increased, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cigarette use, and inactive physical activity decreased among US adolescents aged 12 to 19 years, whereas elevated BP, diabetes, and poor diet quality remained unchanged. There were disparities in CVRF prevalence and trends across sociodemographic subpopulations. While treatment and control rates for hypertension and diabetes plateaued, BP control were stable, and improved glycemic control was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]