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Electroencephalography (EEG) plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis of various neurological conditions, most notably major depressive disorder (MDD). However, deep learning-based methods currently employed for MDD detection tasks exhibit inadequate generalization capabilities, particularly across different EEG electrode channels, and demonstrate limited feature representation capacity. In this paper, we present a novel approach referred to as adaptive feature learning (AFL), which leverages kernel embedding to facilitate the learning of domain-invariant features across subjects within a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. This method aims to enhance the model's ability to generalize across multiple subjects' EEG signals. Furthermore, our research revealed that batch normalization (BN) layers within the existing MDD detection network frequently result in feature channel suppression, potentially compromising the representation power of the features. To address this issue, we propose channel activation (CA), which employs decorrelation to reactivate suppressed feature maps, thereby enhancing the model's feature representation capability, particularly for subtle EEG changes. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is evaluated using the leave-one-subject-out protocol on MODMA and PRED+CT datasets, yielding detection accuracies of 90.56\% (MODMA) and 96.51\% (PRED+CT). Our experimental findings exhibit the superior performance of our method compared to state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods in terms of MDD recognition.

Objective To investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of G-protein-coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) activation on neuroinflammation and brain injury after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Methods Mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was established by intracerebral injection of autologous blood. A total of 176 male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into 8 groups: Sham group (n=42), ICH group (n=34), ICH+Vehicle group (n=32), ICH+TC-G 1008 group (n=44), ICH+GPR39 siRNA group (n=6), ICH+Scramble siRNA group (n=6), ICH+TC-G 1008+666-15 group (n=6), and ICH+TC-G 1008+Vehicle 2 group (n=6). GPR39-specific agonist TC-G 1008 was administered via oral gavage at 1 and 25 h post-ICH modeling. Additionally, GPR39 siRNA and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) inhibitor 666-15 were intracerebroventricularly injected 24 h before induction of ICH to inhibit the expression levels of GPR39 and p-CREB. At 48 h after ICH, modified Garcia test, forelimb placement test and corner turn test were used to evaluate the short-term neurological deficits in mice. Brain water content was determined by wet/dry method. Immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect the co-localization of GPR39 in neurons and microglia in the brain tissue surrounding the hematoma, as well as the expression of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) in neurons. ELISA was employed to measure IL-1β, TNF-α and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in peri-hematoma tissue. TUNEL staining was performed to quantify apoptotic neurons around the hematoma. Nissl staining was utilized to evaluate neuronal damage. Western blotting was conducted to detect the expression of GPR39, p-CREB, CREB, NLRP3, Cleaved caspase-1 (C-caspase-1), and gasdermin-D protein (GSDMD) in peri-hematoma brain tissue. Results GPR39 expression peaked at 48 h post-ICH in mice (P < 0.05), and it was expressed in both neurons and microglia. Activation of GPR39 by TC-G 1008 (24 mg/kg) significantly improved the modified Garcia score, and increased success rate of left forelimb placement and the number of left turns (P < 0.05). Brain edema in the ipsilateral basal ganglia (BG) and cortex (CX) was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The numbers of apoptotic and damaged neurons around the hematoma were obviously decreased (P < 0.05). The expression of pyroptosis-related molecules, including NLRP3, C-caspase-1 and GSDMD and the levels of inflammation-related factors, including IL-1β, TNF-α and MPO were notably decreased (P < 0.05). However, knockdown of GPR39 and downregulation of p-CREB expression significantly increased the expression of pyroptosis related molecules and inflammatory-related factors in peri-hematoma brain tissue post-ICH in mice (P < 0.05). Conclusion GPR39 activation may inhibit neuroinflammation and brain injury after ICH in mice partly through the CREB signaling pathway. Therefore, GPR39 may be a potential therapeutic target for mitigating neuroinflammation and brain damage after ICH.

To explore the effect of AFN on knee function and complications in patients after TKA.

We present a new scheme for Majorana modes in systems with nonsymmorphic-symmetry-protected band degeneracy. We reveal that when the gapless fermionic excitations are encoded with conventional superconductivity and magnetism, which can be intrinsic or induced by proximity effect, topological superconductivity and Majorana modes can be obtained. We illustrate this outcome in a system which respects the space group P4/nmm and features a fourfold-degenerate fermionic mode at (π, π) in the Brillouin zone. We show that in the presence of conventional superconductivity, different types of topological superconductivity, i.e., first-order and second-order topological superconductivity, with coexisting fragile Wannier obstruction in the latter case, can be generated in accordance with the different types of magnetic orders; Majorana modes are shown to exist on the boundary, at the corner and in the vortices. To further demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, another example related to the space group P4/ncc based on this scheme is also provided. Our study offers insights into constructing topological superconductors based on bulk energy bands and conventional superconductivity and helps to find new material candidates and design new platforms for realizing Majorana modes. Topological superconductors are highly sought-after systems with potential applications in topological quantum computing. Here, the authors propose a scheme for realizing topological superconductivity based on the bulk energy bands and conventional superconductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Rehmannia glutinosa, a highly valuable medicinal plant in China, is encountering severe replant disease. Replant disease represents a complex stress driven by multiple principal factors (RDFs), including allelochemicals, microbes, and their interactions. miRNAs are recognized as key regulators of plant response to stresses; however, their specific roles within RDFs are not entirely clear. Methods: This study builds six RDF treatments, comprising R. glutinosa continuously planted (SP), normally planted (NP), and NP treated with ferulic acid (FA), Fusarium oxysporum (FO), and a combination of FA with FO (FAFO). sRNA-seq technology was used to identify crucial miRNAs in response to diverse RDFs. Results: In total, 30 sRNA datasets were generated from the SP, NP, FA, FO, and FAFO samples. A total of 160 known and 41 novel miRNAs (RgmiRNAs) were identified in the R. glutinosa genome based on the sRNA database. Abundance analysis revealed that RgmiRNAs in SP exhibited a distinct expression profile in comparison with others. Of these, 124, 86, 86, and 90 RgmiRNAs were differentially expressed in SP, FA, FO, and FAFO compared with NP. Target analysis indicated that RgmiRNAs downregulated in both SP and RDFs impede the organism growth of R. glutinosa. RgmiRNAs upregulated in SP can disrupt root formation and nutrient metabolism, in which, two RgmiR398 were uniquely expressed in SP. It was confirmed to target RgCSD genes. The expression patterns of RgmiR398 and RgCSD indicated that replant disease induces the oxidative damage of R. glutinosa through RgmiR398. Conclusions: RgmiRNA profiling under RDFs provides a theoretical basis for the further clarification of RgmiRNA function in replant disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Organic fluorine compounds are ubiquitous and pivotally important organic molecules, yet their activation and transformation have long been a formidable challenge due to the high energy and low reactivity of C—F bonds. Organic electrosynthesis, an environmentally benign synthetic method in organic chemistry, enables a myriad of chemical transformations without the need for external redox reagents. In recent years, organic electrochemistry has emerged as a powerful tool for achieving the activation and transformation of C—F bonds in fluorine‐containing compounds. This review aims to succinctly recapitulate the latest advancements in the electrochemical defluorinative transformations of C—F bonds and to delve into the reaction design, mechanistic insights, and developmental prospects of these methods. Key Scientists: In 1959, Lund was the first to pioneer the electroreduction of CF3 to CH3 group. Electrochemistry has lately provided new opportunities for efficient conversion of organic fluorides. In 2020, Zhou and coworkers discovered the electrochemical defluorinative carboxylation of α‐CF3 alkenes. Lambert and colleagues reported electrophotocatalytic defluorinative amination of aryl fluorides. Electrochemical hydrodefluorination of trifluoromethylketones was developed by Lennox and coworkers in 2021. In the same year, Wang and Guo disclosed electrochemical radical defluorinative alkylation of α‐CF3 alkenes with Katritzky salts as the alkyl radical precursors. Subsequently, Wu and Liao described a transition‐metal‐free, site‐selective C—F arylation of polyfluoroarenes with (het)arenes using paired electrophotocatalysis. In 2023, numerous efforts were made to achieve electrochemical C—F bond activation. Xia and Guo developed an organoboron‐controlled method for the chemoselective electrochemical sequential (deutero)hydrodefluorination of trifluoroacetamides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Pseudostellaria heterophylla is a Chinese medicine and healthy edible that is widely used to for its immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic and antitussive properties. However, the potential function of P. heterophylla in intestinal microecology remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of P. heterophylla on immune functions and evaluated its potential to regulate the gut microbiota and metabolome. RESULTS: The results showed that P. heterophylla significantly increased the content of red blood cells, total antioxidant capacity and expression of immune factors, and decreased platelet counts when compared to the control under cyclophosphamide injury. In addition, P. heterophylla altered the diversity and composition of the gut bacterial community; increased the abundance of potentially beneficial Akkermansia, Roseburia, unclassified Clostridiaceae, Mucispirillum, Anaeroplasma and Parabacteroides; and decreased the relative abundance of pathogenic Cupriavidus and Staphylococcus in healthy mice. Metabolomic analyses showed that P. heterophylla significantly increased the content of functional oligosaccharides, common oligosaccharides, vitamins and functional substances. Probiotics and pathogens were regulated by metabolites across 11 pathways in the bacterial–host co‐metabolism network. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that P. heterophylla increased the abundance of probiotics and decreased pathogens, and further stimulated host microbes to produce beneficial secondary metabolites for host health. Our studies highlight the role of P. heterophylla in gut health and provide new insights for the development of traditional Chinese medicine in the diet. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) effectively treats end‐stage hemophilic hip arthropathy. Given hemophilia's unique characteristics, perioperative bleeding remains a significant risk for patients undergoing THA. Tranexamic acid (TXA), an efficient antifibrinolytic agent, may benefit the outcomes of THA for patients with hemophilia (PWH). This study aims to explore the clinical efficacy of intra‐articular injection of TXA in treating perioperative bleeding in PWH and assess its additional clinical benefits. Methods: The retrospective study comprised data of PWH who received THA from January 2015 to December 2021 in the research center. A total of 59 individuals were included in the study, divided into a TXA group (n = 31) and a non‐TXA group (n = 28). We compared various parameters, including total blood loss (TBL), visible blood loss (VBL), occult blood loss (OBL), intraoperative coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) consumption, perioperative total FVIII consumption, hemoglobin (HB), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reactive protein (CRP), length of hospital stay, hospitalization costs, length of surgery, total protein, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), D‐dimer, rate of joint swelling, hip joint range of motion (ROM), visual analogue scale (VAS), and Harris hip joint function scale (HHS) between the two groups. Follow‐up assessments were conducted for up to 24 months. A Student's t test was utilized for the statistical analysis. Results: This study demonstrated that intra‐articular TXA effectively reduced TBL (1248.19 ± 439.88 mL, p < 0.001), VBL (490.32 ± 344.34 mL, p = 0.003), and OBL (757.87 ± 381.48 mL, p = 0.004) in PWH who underwent THA. TXA demonstrated effectiveness in reducing VAS scores on POD1, POD7, and POD14 and joint swelling rates on POD1, POD7, POD14, and at discharge (p < 0.05). Additionally, the TXA group achieved higher HHS ratings at all follow‐up time points (p < 0.05), showing superior hip joint mobility, lower postoperative inflammation levels, reduced factor VIII consumption during surgery, and less postoperative nutritional loss. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of hospital stay, hospitalization costs, surgery duration, and coagulation indicators. Conclusion: Intra‐articular injection of TXA reduces perioperative bleeding in PWH undergoing THA while also improving joint mobility, post‐operative rehabilitation, and quality of life. This may provide value for the future application of TXA in PWH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease affecting the digestive tract, the incidence of which is on the rise worldwide. The most common clinical manifestation of hemophilia is arthropathy secondary to recurrent joint effusions and chronic synovitis. This article reports on a rare 25-year-old male patient with both hemophilic arthropathy and Crohn's disease who was at risk for pathogenic gastrointestinal bleeding. After undergoing endoscopic pathologic testing and genetic testing, a multidisciplinary expert work-up of a treatment and nutritional plan was performed. The patient improved clinically and adhered to conservative treatment. This case report is the first report of this rare co-morbidity, demonstrating the highly pathogenic mutation locus and summarizing the clinical experience of early diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Chinese megacities has declined significantly after the implementation of strict mitigation strategies since 2013. However, the concentration of wintertime nitrate in PM2.5 (p‐NO3‐) has only changed slightly and became the dominant inorganic component despite considerable precursor emission reductions. Discerning chemical mechanisms leading to nitrate growth during haze events is critical to implementing effective pollution mitigation policies. The oxygen isotope anomaly of nitrate (Δ17O(NO3−)) is a powerful means to distinguish nitrate formation mechanisms. Nevertheless, the observed high Δ17O(NO3−) values were significantly underestimated by chemical transport models during extreme haze events (PM2.5 > 225 μg m−3) in Beijing, indicating an incomplete understanding of nitrate chemistry. To reconcile this model‐observation discrepancy, we compiled reported Δ17O(NO3−) data in Beijing haze along with relevant observational parameters (e.g., hydroxyl (OH) reactivity, peroxyl radical concentrations), then tested assumptions on Δ17O of key precursors (e.g., OH and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)), recalculated Δ17O(NO3−) and compared them with observations. Our results indicate that considering heterogeneous dinitrogen pentoxide reactions on chlorine‐containing aerosols (N2O5 + Cl− chemistry) with a nitryl chloride (ClNO2) yield of ∼0.75 can explain the observed high Δ17O(NO3−) during extreme haze events. According to the Δ17O(NO3−) data, on average this heterogeneous N2O5 + Cl− chemistry can explain ∼60% of nighttime nitrate production and make daytime and nocturnal pathways equally important in winter Beijing haze (PM2.5 > 75 μg m−3). Our results highlight the critical role of reactive chlorine chemistry in air pollution/chemistry in inland cities. Plain Language Summary: Δ17O(NO3−) is an independent tool to assess nitrate formation mechanisms. However, the GEOS‐Chem model persistently underestimates the observed Δ17O(NO3−) during extreme haze periods in urban Beijing, implying an unknown or misunderstood NOx chemistry characterized by high Δ17O signatures. Here, we aim to reconcile this discrepancy to advance our understanding of nitrate formation mechanisms in winter haze. To this end, we reassess the isotopic signatures of key precursors relating to NOx chemistry constrained by atmospheric chemistry parameters (e.g., OH reactivity, hydrogen peroxyl (HO2) and organic peroxyl (RO2) radicals, and ozone (O3)). We find that (a) steady‐state OH radical should bear positive Δ17O values but are unable to reconcile the gap between the observed and modeled Δ17O(NO3−); (b) ClNO2 production is efficient under haze conditions in urban Beijing, which is able to explain the gap between the observed and modeled Δ17O(NO3−). The photolysis of ClNO2 has significant effects on atmospheric oxidative capacity and aerosol pollution. Although halogen chemistry prevails in the marine boundary layer, our results highlight the importance of halogen chemistry in nitrate pollution, which should be comprehensively incorporated into air quality models and field observational research to better understand atmospheric chemistry in urban air. Key Points: Heterogeneous N2O5 + Cl− chemistry is important for nitrate production in winter Beijing hazeA ClNO2 yield of 0.75 from heterogeneous N2O5 + Cl− chemistry can explain both the observed high Δ17O(NO3−) and ClNO2 concentrationsDiurnal sampling and subsequent Δ17O(NO3−) interpretation in urban regions need to consider differences in the surface and residual layers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]