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Although numerous studies have independently tested the roles of physiological integration and parental effects on the performance of clonal plant species, few have assessed them simultaneously. Moreover, the capacity for physiological integration differs greatly within species of clonal plants. We conducted a greenhouse experiment with eight genotypes of the clonal herb Hydrocotyle verticillata. In the first phase, we either severed or maintained the connections between the original proximal nodes (the basal portion) and the new distal nodes (the apical portion) of each genotype. In the second phase, the ramets in the apical portion produced in the first phase were selected and cultivated, and their connections were subjected to the same severance treatments. In the first phase, the negative effects of severance on the apical portion balanced the positive effects of severance on the basal portion, resulting in no net effect of severance on total mass, leaf mass, stem mass, and ramet number for the whole clone. In the second phase, the effects of parental severance on stem mass of the apical portion of H. verticillata varied among the eight genotypes. Additionally, the positive effect of physiological integration on offspring generations was greater in the apical portion and the whole clone of one genotype when the parental connections were intact than when they were severed, whereas it was greater in the apical portion of another genotype when the parental connections were severed than when they were intact. Our results suggest that clonal parental effects can influence the capacity for physiological integration of offspring generations and that these effects may differ among genotypes within a species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuropathic pain (NP) imposes a significant burden on individuals, manifesting as nociceptive anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity, and spontaneous pain. Previous studies have shown that traumatic stress in the nervous system can lead to excessive production of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) in the gut. As a toxic gas, it can damage the nervous system through the gut-brain axis. However, whether traumatic stress in the nervous system leading to excessive production of H 2 S in the gut can ultimately cause neuropathic pain through the gut-brain axis remains to be investigated. This study established a model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) in mice to determine its effects on gut H 2 S production, the associated damage via the gut-brain axis, the potential neuropathic pain, as well as the probable mechanism. A CCI mouse model was developed using a spinal nerve ligation approach. Subsequently, the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were used to determine the mice's pain thresholds. A variety of assays were performed, including immunofluorescence, western blotting, real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and membrane clamp whole-cell recordings. Mice subjected to CCI showed decreased MWT and TWL, decreased ZO-1 staining, decreased HuD staining, increased Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining, increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) protein and interleukin-6 (IL-6) protein, increased expression of NMDAR2B (NR2B) protein and NR2B mRNA, increased colocalization of vGlut2- and c-fos-positive cells, and a higher amplitude of evoked excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) compared to Sham group. These changes were significantly reversed by H 2 S inhibitor treatment, and the specific NMDA receptor inhibitor MK-801 effectively restored the neurotoxicity of H 2 S. H 2 S is involved in CCI-induced neuropathic pain in mice, which might be mediated by the activation of the NMDA signaling pathway., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical Approval: All experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine. Consent for Publication: All authors have approved the final manuscript for publication. Consent to Participate: Informed consent was obtained from all study participants. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The food system is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions, and the carbon footprint analysis of food consumption under the dual carbon background is of great significance for the sustainable development of the food system. To reveal the differences in food consumption patterns and carbon footprints between urban and rural residents in China, the life cycle carbon emission coefficient method was used to measure the direct carbon emissions of food consumption by urban and rural residents in China from 2000 to 2021. From the perspective of carbon footprint composition, the following main conclusions were drawn： ① The structure of food consumption among residents in China shifted from predominantly plant-based to a balanced consumption of both plant- and animal-based foods, reducing the disparity in various food consumption quantities between urban and rural residents. ② The per capita carbon footprint from food consumption among Chinese residents exhibited an overall increasing trend from 2000 to 2021, with an average annual growth rate of 1.4%. Grain consumption contributed the most to the carbon footprint （22.2%）. ③ Currently, urban residents in China demonstrate significantly higher food consumption carbon footprints compared to those of rural residents, and this trend is continuously rising. In urban areas, the carbon footprint of plant-based foods was increasing at a higher rate than that of animal-based foods, while the opposite trend was observed in rural areas. ④ Factors such as per capita disposable income, per capita GDP, Engel coefficient, population structure, and various food consumption carbon footprints, as well as per capita food consumption carbon footprints, exhibited significant correlations. Here, we conducted a comprehensive study on the eating habits of urban and rural residents in China, along with the carbon emissions associated with their food consumption, which offer valuable insights that can guide sustainable food consumption practices among Chinese residents and contribute to the achievement of carbon neutrality in the food industry.