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A topotactic molecular doping strategy is developed via in situ coupling of dechlorinated carbon with ringed heterocyclic molecules under mild conditions. Specifically, pyridine and pyrrole-converted carbons show pyridinic N to pyrrolic N ratios of 1.82 and 0.13, respectively. The Npyri-C shows much-advanced activity and kinetics for oxygen reduction over the Npyrr-C sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Previously, we have shown that berberine (BBR) is a potential cardioprotective agent. However, its effect and mechanism on CIH‐induced cardiomyopathy remain uncovered. This study was designed to determine the effects of BBR against CIH‐induced cardiac damage and to explore the molecular mechanisms. Mice were exposed to 5 weeks of CIH with or without the treatment of BBR and adeno‐associated virus 9 (AAV9) carrying SIRT6 or SIRT6‐specific short hairpin RNA. The effect of BBR was evaluated by echocardiography, histological analysis and western blot analysis. CIH caused the inactivation of myocardial SIRT6 and AMPK‐FOXO3a signalling. BBR dose‐dependently ameliorated cardiac injury in CIH‐induced mice, as evidenced by increased cardiac function and decreased fibrosis. Notably, SIRT6 overexpression mimicked these beneficial effects, whereas infection with recombinant AAV9 carrying SIRT6‐specific short hairpin RNA abrogated them. Mechanistically, BBR reduced oxidative stress damage and preserved mitochondrial function via activating SIRT6‐AMPK‐FOXO3a signalling, enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis as well as PINK1‐Parkin‐mediated mitophagy. Taken together, these data demonstrate that SIRT6 activation protects against the pathogenesis of CIH‐induced cardiac dysfunction. BBR attenuates CIH‐induced myocardial injury by improving mitochondrial biogenesis and PINK1‐Parkin‐dependent mitophagy via the SIRT6‐AMPK‐FOXO3a signalling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The DC bias may affect the transient transfer characteristics of the current transformer (CT), threatening the correct action of the relay protection and the safe operation of the power system. Compared with the high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission in the unipolar-earth loop operation mode and geomagnetically induced current (GIC), the amplitude of the stray current is smaller, and the randomness and fluctuation are larger and accompanied by sudden changes. Combining the characteristics of stray current and the CT equivalent model considering the eddy current loss of the iron core, the mechanism of local transient saturation under the influence of bias magnetization is explained, and the CT saturation phenomenon caused by stray current and its effect on line distance protection are simulated and analyzed. The research shows that the influence of low amplitude and high duration of stray current will make the magnetic flux of CT grow and affect the transmission of steady-state and transient-state so that the measurement impedance appears amplitude-phase shift, which leads to under-range rejection of distance protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of organic solar cells is sensitive to the film thickness and the uniformity of the donor and acceptor distribution in the photoactive layer. Especially, in the quasi‐planar heterojunction fabricated by layer‐by‐layer process, the donor and acceptor materials may be non‐homogeneously distributed across the entire photoactive layer. Visualization of the spatial distributions of donor and acceptor components sheds light on the relationship between nanostructures and device performances. Based on the distinct infrared absorption characteristics of the organic donor and acceptor, a quasi‐monochromatic light transmittance (QMLT) technique is proposed to quantify the donor and/or acceptor thickness in the photoactive layer blend across the entire device area with nanometer precision. The variation in thickness of donor and acceptor can be clearly and separately revealed. Accordingly, the impacts of spin coating techniques (such as dynamic or static dispensing, and on‐center or off‐center spin coating), as well as solvent choices, on film morphology and device performance can be correlated by the noncontact, nondestructive, and convenient QMLT method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DJ‐1, also known as Parkinson's disease protein 7 (Park7), is a multifunctional protein that regulates oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. Dysfunction of DJ‐1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increased risk of PD. Here we show that homocysteine thiolactone (HTL), a reactive thioester of homocysteine (Hcy), covalently modifies DJ‐1 on the lysine 182 (K182) residue in an age‐dependent manner. The N‐homocysteinylation (N‐hcy) of DJ‐1 abolishes its neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, exacerbating cell toxicity. Blocking the N‐hcy of DJ‐1 restores its protective effect. These results indicate that the N‐hcy of DJ‐1 abolishes its neuroprotective effect and promotes the progression of PD. Inhibiting the N‐hcy of DJ‐1 may exert neuroprotective effect against PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to alternative descaling methods, the high-pressure water descaling technology offers cheaper costs and higher descaling rate, which has obvious advantages. As a key component, the descaling nozzle will have a direct impact on the descaling effect. Based on the detailed study of the traditional U-shaped and V-shaped grooving methods, this paper discovered a conical curve grooving method where the grooving curve shape factor lies between those of the two aforementioned methods, and established a full-scale model of the descaling nozzle. For the conical groove nozzle, numerical Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed using the shape factor of the groove curve between 0 and 1 and the throat diameter between 2.1 and 2.4 mm. It has been determined that a descaling nozzle with the shape factor between 0.75 and 0.9 has superior dynamic performance, and that when the throat diameter is between 2.3 and 2.4 mm, the nozzle has a higher outlet average velocity and a reasonable outlet flow rate. In conclusion, the dimensionless functional relationship between taper shape factor, throat diameter, nozzle outlet average velocity, effective descaling width and area is established in order to provide certain theoretical support for various production requirements of nozzles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the construction of concrete ship locks, prolonged interruptions between the casting of the floor and lock wall are inevitable. In terms of mass concrete, long placement delays are one of the major reasons for the presence of cracks in newly placed concrete. Therefore, this study examines both the placement and structural characteristics of ship locks after long casting interruptions based on the mass concrete thermal stress theory to determine the major causal factors for cracks in newly poured concrete. Specifically, a block placement method is proposed to reduce thermal stress in newly placed concrete, and the temperature control and crack prevention capacities of the proposed method are verified using the finite element method. The development of the structure's thermal stress under different temperature control measures is analyzed, finding that thermal stress in the lock walls can be effectively reduced by 50% through low-temperature block casting. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly reduce the internal thermal stress of newly placed concrete after prolonged casting interruptions, thereby highlighting its applicability for achieving effective temperature control and crack prevention in concrete ship locks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The expression of PDIA3 is differentially disturbed in the BLA, CA3 and DRN of the obesity-depression comorbid mice. • Celastrol covalently bind and differentially modulate the expression of PDIA3 in above brain nuclei. • PDIA3 expressed in BLA and CA3 alleviate the comorbid conditions, whereas in DRN deteriorate obesity. • In BLA and CA3, overexpressed PDIA3 reshape the activated amoeboid microglia into the ramified quiescent ones. • In DRN, overexpressed PDIA3 may influence 5-HTergic neurons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of efficient and low‐cost bifunctional catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is imperative but remains challenging in rechargeable zinc–air batteries. Herein, a metal oxidation‐assisted approach is developed for the facile synthesis of a highly efficient bifunctional catalyst (Co@NC@LDHs) which is composed of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nanosheets in situ vertically grown on the surface of hollow carbon nanoframes encapsulating Co nanoparticles (Co@NC). Specifically, the vertical LDHs distributing on the carbon surface ensure the maximized number of accessible active sites and the interaction between LDHs with the carbon matrix. The hierarchically structured bifunctional Co@NC@LDHs display an overpotential of 0.33 V at 10 mA cm−2 for OER and a half‐wave potential of 0.88 V for ORR. The potential gap (ΔE) of Co@NC@LDHs is calculated to be 0.68 V, outperforming the mixed Pt/C + RuO2 catalysts (ΔE = 0.77 V), manifesting its superior bifunctional electrocatalysis performance. Moreover, the Zn–air batteries based on Co@NC@LDHs electrocatalyst exhibit a high peak power density (185.2 mW cm−2) and excellent durability (5.0 mA cm−2 over 500 h). This work may provide a facile strategy for the fabrication of LDHs on carbon substrate, acting as efficient catalysts for broad energy‐related applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores non-overlapping cross-domain recommendation, addressing data sparsity issues in recommender systems by transferring interaction knowledge across domains without direct inter-domain correspondence. Topics include target-unknown cross-domain recommendation challenges, the proposed CMCDR framework leveraging causal mechanisms from meta-representations, and empirical validation demonstrating its effectiveness.

Gastric cancer (GC) imposes a heavy burden on global public health, and microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of GC. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the hotspots and frontiers in the field of miRNAs in GC to guide future research. A total of 2,051 publications related to miRNAs in GC from January 2013 to December 2023 were searched from the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace was used to identify research hotspots and delineate developmental trends. In the past decade, China, Nanjing Medical University, and Ba Yi were the most contributing research country, institute, and author in this field, respectively. The role of miRNAs as biomarkers in GC, the mechanism of miRNAs in the progression of GC, and the impact of the mutual effects between miRNAs and Helicobacter pylori on GC have been regarded as the research hotspots. The mechanisms of miRNAs on glucose metabolism and the application of the roles of circular RNAs as miRNA sponges in GC treatment will likely be frontiers. Overall, this study called for strengthened cooperation to identify targets and therapeutic regimes for local specificity and high-risk GC types, and to promote the translation of research results into clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To review and analyze the airway and anesthesia management methods for patients who underwent endoscopic closure of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) and to summarize the experience of intraoperative airway management. Method: We searched the anesthesia information system of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University for anesthesia cases of TEF from July 2020 to July 2023 and obtained a total of 34 anesthesia records for endoscopic TEF occlusion. The intraoperative airway management methods and vital signs were recorded, and the patients' disease course and follow-up records were analyzed and summarized. Results: The airway management strategies used for TEF occlusion patients included nasal catheter oxygen (NCO, n = 5), high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC, n = 4) and tracheal intubation (TI, n = 25). The patients who underwent tracheal intubation with an inner diameter of 5.5 mm had stable hemodynamics and oxygenation status during surgery, while intravenous anesthesia without intubation could not effectively inhibit the stress response caused by occluder implantation, which could easily cause hemodynamic fluctuations, hypoxemia, and carbon dioxide accumulation. Compared with those in the TI group, the NCO group and the HFNC group had significantly longer surgical times, and the satisfaction score of the endoscopists was significantly lower. In addition, two patients in the NCO group experienced postoperative hypoxemia. Conclusion: During the anesthesia process for TEF occlusions, a tracheal catheter with an inner diameter of 5.5 mm can provide a safe and effective airway management method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article introduces VLDRec, a method addressing video-length bias in micro-video recommendation. It is reported that VLDRec uses innovative data labeling and sample generation, employing multi-task learning. It is further reported that the work is supported by grants and introduces a new metric to mitigate video-length bias in training and evaluation.

Trichoderma is a widely recognized plant-growth-promoting fungus that has been extensively utilized in various agricultural applications. However, research on the economic production of Trichoderma spores and their effects on tea cuttings must be further advanced. In this study, T. guizhouense NJAU 4742 (NJAU 4742) emerged as a growth-promoting strain for tea cuttings, and the spore-production conditions of NJAU 4742 attained through solid-state fermentation (SSF) using tea residues were optimized. In a pot experiment, nursery substrates containing different concentrations of NJAU 4742 spores were tested for their influence on tea cutting growth and the rhizosphere fungal community. The optimal conditions for spore yield were determined as a 7:3 (w/w) ratio of tea residue to rice bran, a material thickness of 3 cm, an inoculum concentration of 15% (v/w), and an incubation time of 4 days, resulting in a spore count of 1.8 × 109 CFU/g. Applying NJAU 4742 spore products significantly increased the biomass of tea cuttings and influenced the fungal community composition. Moreover, higher concentrations of NJAU 4742 spores yielded better growth performance, and applying nursery substrate with 1.0 × 107 CFU/mL spores was the most economically viable option. Notably, among the top ten fungal genera with the highest relative abundance, Trichoderma showed a positive correlation with the fresh weight of tea cuttings, while the others exhibited a negative correlation. Overall, utilizing tea residue for SSF to produce NJAU 4742 was a feasible approach, and the application of NJAU 4742 spores enhanced the growth of tea cuttings by increasing the relative abundance of Trichoderma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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