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Abstract Background Ki67 index changes during the treatment of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET) treatment. The study aimed to detect alterations of grade based on Ki67 index and immune microenvironment in PanNET responding to capecitabine/temozolomide (CapTem). Method Retrospective data of patients with PanNET were collected. In control group, 35 patients underwent surgery immediately after biopsy. In CapTem group, 38 patients received CapTem after biopsy and responded well to treatment (defined as either stable disease or partial response), and subsequently underwent surgery. All patients have pathological Ki67 index at biopsy and after surgery. CD163 + CD68 + CD206 + M2 macrophages, CD68 + CD86 + CD80 + M1 macrophages, CD11b + CD33 + myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells were stained using multiplex immunofluorescence. Results In control group, the paired grade based on Ki67 index directly after surgery showed no upgrade or downgrade compared to biopsy. In patients who responded well to CapTem, the grade based on Ki67 index before and after CapTem was altered. Thirteen patients had upgraded Ki67 index and 11 patients had downgraded. The proportion of stable disease was higher in the upgraded group compared to downgraded group (p = 0.0155). And upgraded group had a significantly shorter mPFS than patients in the downgrade group (8.5 months vs. 20 months, HR 4.834, 95% CI 1.414 to 16.53, p = 0.012). M1 macrophages was significantly lower in the downgraded group than in the Ki67 upgraded group (p

Abstract This paper discusses the seismic performance of five reduced-scale shear walls, including one cast-in-place (CIP) concrete shear wall, two precast concrete (PC) shear walls with overlapping U-bar loop connections, and two PC shear walls with modified form-overlapping U-bar loop connections combined with extruded sleeve connections. A quasi-static test was conducted to evaluate the reliability of the overlapping U-bar loop connections and the modified form by comparing the corresponding mechanical parameters of PC specimens with those of the CIP specimen. Moreover, the differences in seismic performance between the CIP specimen and PC specimens with different connection methods were also analyzed in terms of damage process, hysteretic loops and skeleton curves, load carrying capacity, ductility, equivalent stiffness, and energy dissipation. The experimental findings indicated that the mechanical performances of PC specimens with the modified connection form outperformed those of PC specimens with pure overlapping U-bar loop connections, closely resembling the properties of cast-in-place specimens; the failure mode of PC specimens was consistent with that of the CIP specimen; the generation, distribution and development of cracks in PC specimens were also similar to those in the CIP specimen. Furthermore, although the load-bearing capacity and peak displacement of PC specimens were lower than those of the CIP specimen due to the failure of the post-casted concrete strength to meet the requirements, the ductility, equivalent stiffness, and energy dissipation of PC specimens with the modified connection form closely matched that of the CIP specimen.

Abstract Background T-tube cholangiography and choledochoscopy are commonly used techniques for detecting residual bile duct stones after biliary surgery. However, the utility of routine cholangiography before T-tube removal needs further investigation. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of various methods for detecting residual calculi following biliary surgery. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 287 adult patients who underwent common bile duct exploration with T-tube drainage, followed by T-tube cholangiography and choledochoscopy, at the Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, between 2017 and 2022. Exclusion criteria were patients with bile duct tumors, incomplete medical records or loss to follow-up, and patients with contraindications to T-tube or choledochoscopy. McNemanr test and Kappa test were used to compare the results and consistency between choledochoscopy and T-tube cholangiography. All patients underwent both cholangiography and choledochoscopy six to eight weeks after laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with common bile duct exploration and T-tube drainage. The results of T-tube cholangiography and choledochoscopy for each patient were recorded, analyzed, and compared. Results Among the 287 patients, T-tube cholangiography detected residual stones in 38 cases, which were confirmed by choledochoscopy in 29 cases. Conversely, of the 249 patients without evidence of residual stones on T-tube angiography, 11 patient was later found to have retained stones through choledochoscopy. There was no significant difference between the results of T-tube cholangiography and choledochoscopy (P = 0.82), indicating a high level of agreement between the two methods (Kappa value: 0.70) (95% CI, 0.65–0.76). Conclusion There is no significant difference in the diagnostic accuracy between T-tube cholangiography and choledochoscopy for detecting residual bile duct stones after surgery (P = 0.82). The two methods demonstrated a high level of consistency (Kappa value: 0.70) (95% CI, 0.65–0.76). The choice of diagnostic method for postoperative residual bile duct stones should be based on the specific condition of the patient.

Abstract Background We aimed to determine the potential predictive value of the intra-tumoral microbiome as a marker of the response to external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in cervical cancer (CC). Methods A prospective longitudinal trial of 36 CC patients receiving pelvic radiotherapy was designed to investigate microbial characteristic signatures and diversity (alpha and beta) of multiple sites (tumor, vaginal, gut, urethral, and oral) in the superior response (SR) and inferior response (IR) groups of CC patients by 16S rRNA sequencing. Utilized the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression method to analyze clinicopathological factors that potentially influenced the efficacy of EBRT. LEfSe analysis highlighted the microbiome features that best distinguished the categorized patient samples. Selected parameters were validated with Spearman correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results Firstly, in our cohort, LASSO logistic regression analysis revealed no association between clinicopathological factors and EBRT efficacy. Subsequently, we employed 16S rRNA sequencing to compare microbiome differences across multiple sites and their correlations with major clinicopathological factors. We discovered that the intra-tumoral microbiome was independent of clinicopathologic features and represented the most direct and reliable reflection of the microbial differences between the SR and IR groups. We found lower alpha diversity in the tumor microbiome of SR group and identified the most relevant microbiome taxa (Bifidobacteriaceae, Beijerinckiaceae, and Orbaceae) associated with the efficacy of the response to EBRT in CC patients. We then conducted ROC analysis, finding that specific microbial taxa had an AUC of 0.831 (95% CI, 0.667–0.995), indicating the potential of these taxa as biomarkers for predicting EBRT efficacy. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a better prognosis for patients with lower alpha diversity and higher relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae. Conclusions Our data suggested that intra-tumoral specific microbiome taxa and lower alpha diversity may play an important role in the CC patient sensitivity to EBRT and offer novel potential biomarkers for predicting the response to EBRT efficacy.

Abstract Peatlands are globally important carbon sinks but are frequently drained. Drainage activities reduce overall methane emissions; however they are often accompanied by the construction of ditches, which are potential methane emission hotspots. Yet, the offsets of methane emissions from creating ditches in peatlands under different climate zones and land-use types remain unclear. Here we conducted a global meta-analysis by compiling annual methane emissions from paired near-pristine peatlands and terrestrial portion of drained peatlands and ditches to address this issue. Results showed that ditches occupy approximately 3.8 (95% confidence interval: 3.1~4.4)% of all drained peatlands. Ditches emit 695 (511~898) kg ha−1 yr− 1 methane overall, with the highest emissions observed in (sub)tropics. Globally, ditch emissions offset approximately 12 (10~14)% for reductions in methane emissions from peatland drainage. Our findings demonstrate the importance of including ditch methane emissions to quantify emission factors for regional to global peatlands affected by drainage.

Abstract Unravelling abrupt alterations in the gut microbiota of wild species associated with nutritional stress is imperative but challenging for wildlife conservation. This study assessed the nutritional status of wild red deer during winter on the basis of changes in faecal nitrogen (FN) and urea nitrogen/creatinine (UN: C) levels and identified gut microbes associated with nutritional status via nutritional control experiments and metagenomic sequencing. The FN of wild red deer in winter 2022 was significantly lower than that in winter 2021 (p

Abstract Post-transcriptional regulation mediated by RNA binding proteins is crucial for male germline development. Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1), an RNA binding protein, is specifically expressed in human and mouse male gonads and is involved in manifold biological processes and tumorigenesis. However, the function of IGF2BP1 in mammalian spermatogenesis remains poorly understood. Herein, we generated an Igf2bp1 conditional knockout mouse model using Nanos3-Cre. Germ cell deficiency of Igf2bp1 in mice caused spermatogenic defects in an age-dependent manner, resulting in decreased numbers of undifferentiated spermatogonia and increased germ cell apoptosis. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that ELAV-like RNA binding protein 1, a well-recognized mRNA stabilizer, interacted with IGF2BP1. Single cell RNA-sequencing showed distinct mRNA profiles in spermatogonia from conditional knockout versus wide type mice. Further research showed that IGF2BP1 plays a vital role in the modulation of spermatogenesis by regulating Lin28a mRNA, which is essential for clonal expansion of undifferentiated spermatogonia. Thus, our results highlight the crucial effects of IGF2BP1 on spermatogonia for the long-term maintenance of spermatogenesis.

Abstract Background To analyze the difference and agreement between measurements obtained by a new fully automatic optical biometer, the SW-9000 μm Plus, based on optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR) and a commonly used optical biometer (Pentacam AXL) based on Scheimpflug imaging with partial coherence interferometry (PCI). Methods The central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD, from epithelium to anterior lens surface), lens thickness (LT), mean keratometry (Km), corneal astigmatism, corneal diameter (CD), pupil diameter (PD), and axial length (AL) of 74 eyes (from 74 healthy subjects) were measured using the SW-9000 μm Plus and the Pentacam AXL to determine the agreement. Double angle plots were used for astigmatism vector analysis. Bland–Altman and 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were calculated. Results Statistically significant differences were detected for all parameters but J0 vector. The Bland–Altman analysis of AL, CCT, ACD, Km, CD, J0 and J45 indicated a high level of agreement between the two devices. Among AL, CCT, ACD, Km, J0, J45, CD, and PD, the 95% LoA ranged from -0.07 to 0.05 mm, -9.67 to 7.34 mm, -0.11 to 0.04 mm, -0.25 to 0.50 D, -0.22 to 0.20 D, -0.15 to 0.20 D, -0.23 to 0.35 mm and 1.55 to 3.77 mm, respectively. Conclusions The measurements of AL, CCT, ACD, Km, corneal astigmatism, and CD showed a narrow LoA and may be used interchangeably in healthy subjects between the new OLCR optical biometer and the Scheimpflug/PCI biometer; however, a poor agreement was noted for PD values.

ObjectiveTo compare the association of the incidence and mortality of leukemia and the human development index (HDI) in different countries or regions in 2022, and the trend of leukemia incidence and mortality with age in countries with different HDI levels. MethodsGLOBOCAN 2022 data related to leukemia incidence and mortality in different countries or regions worldwide and HDI were evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis and Kruskal–Wallis test. The incidence and mortality rates of each age and the age change trend were analyzed using the Joinpoint Regression model. ResultsAge-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and mortality to incidence ratio (M/I) were statistically significantly different among the four groups of HDI countries (P

Abstract Background The widespread acceptance of early surgery as a treatment for acute intertrochanteric fracture (ITF) has been accompanied by ongoing controversy due to conflicting conclusions presented in previous studies. This study aims to compare the occurrence of perioperative complications and mortality, as well as functional outcomes in older patients with ITF who underwent either early or delayed surgery. Methods A retrospective multicenter cohort study involving 7414 patients with ITF between Jan. 2017 and Dec. 2021 was conducted. After predefined participants selection inclusion and exclusion criteria, 2323 surgically treated ITF patients were included and analyzed utilizing propensity score matching (PSM) method. Their demographics, injury-related data, surgery-related data, and perioperative adverse outcomes during hospitalization were collected and compared between the early or delayed surgery groups by PSM with a 1:4 ratio. All participants received a minimum of two-year follow-up and perioperative outcomes, functional outcomes, and survival analyses were conducted and compared. Results After adjustment for potential confounders, there were no significant difference in surgery duration, intraoperative blood loss, transfusion rate, mortality rates, functional outcomes, and perioperative complications rates including severe complications, cardiac complications, pulmonary complications, and neurological complications regardless of whether the patient was treated with early or delayed surgery (all P > 0.05). Although length of hospital stay (mean, 11.5 versus 14.4 days, P

Abstract Artificial visual system empowered by 2D materials-based hardware simulates the functionalities of the human visual system, leading the forefront of artificial intelligence vision. However, retina-mimicked hardware that has not yet fully emulated the neural circuits of visual pathways is restricted from realizing more complex and special functions. In this work, we proposed a human visual pathway-replicated hardware that consists of crossbar arrays with split floating gate 2D tungsten diselenide (WSe2) unit devices that simulate the retina and visual cortex, and related connective peripheral circuits that replicate connectomics between the retina and visual cortex. This hardware experimentally displays advanced multi-functions of red–green color-blindness processing, low-power shape recognition, and self-driven motion tracking, promoting the development of machine vision, driverless technology, brain–computer interfaces, and intelligent robotics.

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) holds global significance as a fruit with high economic and nutritional value. Exploring the regulatory network of watermelon male reproductive development is crucial for developing male sterile materials and facilitating cross-breeding. Despite its importance, there is a lack of research on the regulation mechanism of male reproductive development in watermelon. In this study, we identified that ClESR2, a VIIIb subclass member in the APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily, was a key factor in pollen development. RNA in situ hybridization confirmed significant ClESR2 expression in the tapetum and pollen during the later stage of anther development. The pollens of transgenic plants showed major defects in morphology and vitality at the late development stage. The RNA-seq and protein interaction assay confirmed that ClESR2 regulates pollen morphology and fertility by interacting with key genes involved in pollen development at both transcriptional and protein levels. These suggest that Enhancer of Shoot Regeneration 2 (ESR2) plays an important role in pollen maturation and vitality. This study helps understand the male reproductive development of watermelon, providing a theoretical foundation for developing male sterile materials.

The pilot well BYP5 is a cored well drilled to explore the oil and gas bearing properties of the highly thermally evolved lower sub-member of the third member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Bonan deep sag of the Zhanhua Sag, Bohai Bay Basin. The coring interval depth ranges from 4 267.0 to 4 338.1 m. To reveal the oil and gas bearing properties of the cored interval, pyrolysis of frozen, sealed fragments was conducted on typical samples and the escaping gas from the core was collected and quantified for composition analysis. The results show that the cored interval is a high-quality hydrocarbon source rock rich in organic matter and carbonates, with a maturity (Ro) of about 1.2%. Efficient hydrocarbon generation and expulsion likely occurred during thermal evolution, causing the current low free hydrocarbon (S1) and hydrogen index (IH) values. The content of the hydrocarbon gas from the core was generally low, ranging from 0.001 to 0.01 cm3/g, with an average of 0.005 cm3/g. Segments with relatively high levels of escaping hydrocarbon gas corresponded to those with relatively high pyrolysis S1 values. The escaping gas was mainly composed of CH4, CO2, H2, and C2H6, with mole percentages of H2 ranging from 1.08% to 19.23%, with an average of 7.09%, indicating hydrogen-rich characteristics. H2 showed a significant positive correlation with CO2 and a negative correlation with CH4. The escaping gas from the core was likely trapped in-situ, and the formation of H2 might be related to the cleavage of hetero-bonds and demethylation during the pyrolysis of organic matter. Further research is suggested on the formation mechanism, geological exploration, and evaluation of natural hydrogen released during organic matter pyrolysis, so as to provide a basis for the decision-making in the exploration and development of this type of natural hydrogen resource.

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to characterize the microbiome of multiple mucosal organs in cervical cancer (CC) patients. Methods We collected oral, gut, urinary tract, and vaginal samples from enrolled study participants, as well as tumor tissue from CC patients. The microbiota of different mucosal organs was identified by 16S rDNA sequencing and correlated with clinical-pathological characteristics of cervical cancer cases. Results Compared with controls, CC patients had reduced α-diversity of oral and gut microbiota (p Oral_Sob < 0.001, p Oral_Shannon = 0.049, p Oral_Simpson = 0.013 p Fecal_Sob = 0.030), although there was an opposite trend in the vaginal microbiota (p Vaginal_Pielou = 0.028, p Vaginal_Simpson = 0.006). There were also significant differences in the β-diversity of the microbiota at each site between cases and controls (p Oral = 0.002, p Fecal = 0.037, p Urine = 0.001, p Vaginal = 0.001). The uniformity of urine microbiota was lower in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (p Urine = 0.036) and lymph node metastasis (p Urine_Sob = 0.027, p Urine_Pielou = 0.028, p Urine_Simpson = 0.021, p Urine_Shannon = 0.047). The composition of bacteria in urine also varied among patients with different ages (p = 0.002), tumor stages (p = 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.002). In CC cases, Pseudomonas were significantly enriched in the oral, gut, and urinary tract samples. In addition, Gardnerella, Anaerococcus, and Prevotella were biomarkers of urinary tract microbiota; Abiotrophia and Lautropia were obviously enriched in the oral microbiota. The microbiota of tumor tissue correlated with other mucosal organs (except the gut), with a shift in the microflora between mucosal organs and tumors. Conclusions Our study not only revealed differences in the composition and diversity of the vaginal and gut microflora between CC cases and controls, but also showed dysbiosis of the oral cavity and urethra in cervical cancer cases.

Abstract Background The tumor microenvironment (TME) provides a region for intricate interactions within or between immune and non-immune cells. We aimed to reveal the tissue architecture and comprehensive landscape of cells within the TME of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Fresh frozen invasive adenocarcinoma of the large intestine tissue from 10× Genomics Datasets was obtained from BioIVT Asterand. The integration of microarray-based spatial transcriptomics (ST) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was applied to characterize gene expression and cell landscape within the TME of CRC tissue architecture. Multiple R packages and deconvolution algorithms including MCPcounter, XCELL, EPIC, and ESTIMATE methods were performed for further immune distribution analysis. Results The subpopulations of immune and non-immune cells within the TME of the CRC tissue architecture were appropriately annotated. According to ST and RNA-seq analyses, a heterogeneous spatial atlas of gene distribution and cell landscape was comprehensively characterized. We distinguished between the cancer and stromal regions of CRC tissues. As expected, epithelial cells were located in the cancerous region, whereas fibroblasts were mainly located in the stroma. In addition, the fibroblasts were further subdivided into two subgroups (F1 and F2) according to the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were mainly enriched in pathways including hallmark-oxidative-phosphorylation, hallmark-e2f-targets and hallmark-unfolded-protein-response. Furthermore, the top 5 DEGs, SPP1, CXCL10, APOE, APOC1, and LYZ, were found to be closely related to immunoregulation of the TME, methylation, and survival of CRC patients. Conclusions This study characterized the heterogeneous spatial landscape of various cell subtypes within the TME of the tissue architecture. The TME-related roles of fibroblast subsets addressed the potential crosstalk among diverse cells.

Abstract Background Breast cancer poses a significant health risk to women worldwide, with approximately 30% being diagnosed annually in the United States. The identification of cancerous mammary tissues from non-cancerous ones during surgery is crucial for the complete removal of tumors. Results Our study innovatively utilized machine learning techniques (Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)) alongside Raman spectroscopy to streamline and hasten the differentiation of normal and late-stage cancerous mammary tissues in mice. The classification accuracy rates achieved by these models were 94.47% for RF, 96.76% for SVM, and 97.58% for CNN, respectively. To our best knowledge, this study was the first effort in comparing the effectiveness of these three machine-learning techniques in classifying breast cancer tissues based on their Raman spectra. Moreover, we innovatively identified specific spectral peaks that contribute to the molecular characteristics of the murine cancerous and non-cancerous tissues. Conclusions Consequently, our integrated approach of machine learning and Raman spectroscopy presents a non-invasive, swift diagnostic tool for breast cancer, offering promising applications in intraoperative settings.

This study explores financial literacy (FL) and its influence on market participation among rural residents in China. Using the 2017 China Household Finance Survey, we find that rural residents have low FL and answer only 33% of basic and 20.8% of advanced questions on average. The findings indicate a substantial disparity in their FL skills. The ordinary least squares regression results reveal that advanced FL is statistically positively related to market participation. To mitigate endogeneity concerns, we adopt the instrument variable estimator within the generalized method of moment (IV-GMM). The IV-GMM results indicate that FL positively affects the market participation of Chinese rural households. The probability of market participation increases by over 7% with every unit increase in advanced FL scores. Additionally, the robustness tests confirm the positive correlation between advanced FL and market participation. Furthermore, the impact of FL on stock-market participation is more pronounced among rural residents in economically developed regions and those with greater financial assets.

Abstract Background Surgical penile prosthesis implantation (PPI) procedures have only recently been introduced to mainland China, with the overall number of such procedures having been conducted to date remaining relatively low. Accordingly, relatively little remains known with respect to the annual trends in PPI. Accordingly, this study was developed with the goal of clarifying these trends across different hospitals in mainland China, while also providing a single-center overview of post-PPI patient outcomes. Results To identify males in mainland China who had undergone PPI, a retrospective review of data from January 2019 – October 2023 was conducted. This approach revealed an increase in the total PPI caseload from 120 in 2019 to 413 within the first 10 months of 2023. Over this same interval, the number of surgeons performing PPI rose from 33 to 74. A retrospective review of the 112 patients who had undergone PPI at Shanghai General Hospital from 2019–2023 revealed that these patients had a median age of 39 [27–63] years, and PPI treatment led to a significant increase in median International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) scores from a baseline value of 10.23 ± 1.26 to a post-treatment value of 22.6 ± 2.73. The underlying causes of erectile dysfunction for these patients included vasculogenic factors (58/112; 51.8%), diabetes mellitus (21/112; 18.8%), and injuries to the spinal cord or pelvis (14/112; 12.5%). The overall rates of satisfaction with the PPI reported by patients and their partners were 93.0% and 90.4%, respectively, and the 3-year PPI survival rate for this cohort was 87%. Conclusion These data highlight a rising trend in the number of PPI being performed in China, with these steadily increasing rates since 2019 emphasizing the increasingly high levels of acceptance of this procedure by patients and clinicians as a means of treating erectile dysfunction. However, the expertise is restricted to a small number of surgeons. Even so, it is a safe and efficacious approach to managing severe erectile dysfunction for patients in China, and when performed by experienced surgeons based on standardized protocols, low complication rates can be achieved while providing patients and their sexual partners with high levels of satisfaction.

Abstract Objectives The relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and gynecologic cancers is controversial. We aimed to evaluate the risk of gynecologic cancers associated with HBV infection using a meta-analysis. Methods Two independent reviewers identified publications in the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases that reported an association between HBV and the risk of gynecologic malignancy from inception to December 31, 2022. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the included articles. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed effects model or random effects model. Results We collected data from 7 studies that met the inclusion criteria, including 2 cohort studies and 5 case-control studies. HBV was significantly associated with the risk of cervical cancer in the general population (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.09–1.38, P = 0.001), although the same trend was not found in endometrial cancer (OR 1.30, 95% CI 0.95–1.77, P = 0.105) and ovarian cancer (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.79–1.35, P = 0.813). Subgroup analysis showed that HBV infection was positively associated with the risk of cervical cancer (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.13–1.44, P = 0.000) in case-control studies. Asian women infected with HBV have a significantly increased risk of cervical cancer (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.10–1.40, P = 0.001) and endometrial cancer (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.07–1.99, P = 0.018). Hospital-based studies were found to be associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.14–1.47, P = 0.000) and endometrial cancer (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.04–2.49, P = 0.032). The results of Begg’s and Egger’s tests showed no publication bias. Conclusions This meta-analysis shows a positive association between HBV infection and cervical cancer. HBV is positively correlated with the risk of cervical cancer and endometrial cancer in Asian women and hospital-based populations. More multicenter prospective studies are required to confirm the findings.

Monitoring sensors in complex engineering environments often record abnormal data, leading to significant positioning errors. To reduce the influence of abnormal arrival times, we introduce an innovative, outlier-robust localization method that integrates kernel density estimation (KDE) with damping linear correction to enhance the precision of microseismic/acoustic emission (MS/AE) source positioning. Our approach systematically addresses abnormal arrival times through a three-step process: initial location by 4-arrival combinations, elimination of outliers based on three-dimensional KDE, and refinement using a linear correction with an adaptive damping factor. We validate our method through lead-breaking experiments, demonstrating over a 23% improvement in positioning accuracy with a maximum error of 9.12 mm (relative error of 15.80%)—outperforming 4 existing methods. Simulations under various system errors, outlier scales, and ratios substantiate our method’s superior performance. Field blasting experiments also confirm the practical applicability, with an average positioning error of 11.71 m (relative error of 7.59%), compared to 23.56, 66.09, 16.95, and 28.52 m for other methods. This research is significant as it enhances the robustness of MS/AE source localization when confronted with data anomalies. It also provides a practical solution for real-world engineering and safety monitoring applications.

Fractures are crucial for the high and stable production of natural gas from the tight sandstone reservoirs in the second member of the Xujiahe Formation in the Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin. The development of these fractures is controlled by the configuration interfaces of sand bodies formed under different sedimentary environments. Through field outcrop surveys, core observations, logging identification, and detailed characterization of lithofacies, a classification scheme for sand body configuration interfaces was proposed for the second member of the Xujiahe Formation in the Western Sichuan Depression. These interfaces were identified and classified into second to fourth levels. The study clarified the characteristics and geological significance of fractures under different levels of configuration interfaces. These interfaces controlled the occurrence, opening degree, development degree, and storage-permeability capacities of reservoir fractures. The effective control ranges of the second and third level interfaces were 0-0.35 m and 0-3 m, respectively, while the fourth level interface had a larger control range (0-11 m). The development characteristics of fractures differed under different configuration interfaces. Specifically, fractures were underdeveloped at the second level interfaces; fairly developed at the fourth level; and most developed at the third level, primarily as low-angle dipping fractures. Fracture orientations were predominantly NNE-SSW, SEE-NWW, and SSE-NNW, with more fractures having larger openings (>0.04 mm) and larger dip angle. There was a clear positive correlation between core porosity and permeability in the fracture development under the control of the multi-level interfaces. Fractures at the third level interface had the strongest improvement effect on reservoir physical properties and made the highest contribution to oil and gas production, followed by the fourth level interface, with the second level interface being the least effective. Clarifying the control of different levels of configuration interfaces on fracture development is conducive to the effective development of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the study area.

Abstract Background Currently, the synthesis pathway of metal nuclide-labeled radiopharmaceuticals is mainly divided into two steps: first, connecting the chelator with the target molecule, and second, labeling the metal nuclide to the chelator. However, the second step of the reaction to label the metal nuclide requires high temperature (90–100 °C), which tends to denature and inactivate the target molecule, leading to loss of biological activities, especially the targeting ability. A feasible solution may be the click chemistry labeling method, which consists of reacting a metal nuclide with a chelating agent to generate an intermediate and then synthesizing a radiopharmaceutical agent via the click chemistry intermediate and the target molecule-alkyne compound. In this study, through the click chemistry of 177Lu-DOTA-N3 with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-alkyne compound, 177Lu-labeled PSMA-targeted molecular probe was synthesized and evaluated for its potential to be cleared from the bloodstream and rapidly distributed to tissues and organs, achieving a high target/non-target ratio. 177Lu-PSMA-617 was utilized as an analogue for comparison in terms of synthesizing efficiency and PSMA-targeting ability. Results A novel 177Lu-labeled PSMA radioligand was successfully synthesized through the click chemistry of 177Lu-DOTA-N3 with PSMA-alkyne compound, and abbreviated as 177Lu-DOTA-CC-PSMA, achieving a radiochemical yield of 77.07% ± 0.03% (n = 6) and a radiochemical purity of 97.62% ± 1.49% (n = 6) when purified by SepPak C18 column. Notably, 177Lu-DOTA-CC-PSMA was characterized as a hydrophilic compound that exhibited stability at room temperature and commendable pharmacokinetic properties, such as the superior uptake (19.75 ± 3.02%ID/g at 0.5 h) and retention (9.14 ± 3.16%ID/g at 24 h) within xenografts of 22Rv1 tumor-bearing mice. SPECT/CT imaging indicated that radioactivity in both kidneys and bladder was essentially eliminated after 24 h, while 177Lu-DOTA-CC-PSMA was further enriched and retained in PSMA-expressing tumors, resulting in the high target/non-target ratio. Conclusion This study demonstrated the potential of click chemistry to unify the synthesis of metal radiopharmaceuticals, and 177Lu-DOTA-CC-PSMA was found for rapid clearance and appropriate chemical stability as a PSMA-targeted radioligand.

Abstract Glaucoma affects approximately 80 million individuals worldwide, a condition for which current treatment options are inadequate. The primary risk factor for glaucoma is elevated intraocular pressure. Intraocular pressure is determined by the balance between the secretion and outflow of aqueous humor. Here we show that using the RNA interference tool CasRx based on shH10 adenovirus-associated virus can reduce the expression of the aqueous humor circulation related genes Rock1 and Rock2, as well as aquaporin 1 and β2 adrenergic receptor in female mice. This significantly reduced intraocular pressure in female mice and provided protection to the retina ganglion cells, ultimately delaying disease progression. In addition, we elucidated the mechanisms by which the knockdown of Rock1 and Rock2, or aquaporin 1 and β2 adrenergic receptor in female mice, reduces the intraocular pressure and secures the retina ganglion cells by single-cell sequencing.

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of modified suture-bridge technique fixation for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial avulsion fracture. Method Minors who underwent arthroscopic reduction and modified suture bridge fixation of ACL tibial avulsion fracture between January 2018 and January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Postoperative MRI and X-ray examinations were performed to evaluate the presence of epiphyseal plate injury and fracture healing. Moreover, KT-1000 side-to-side difference, Lachman test, range of motion (ROM), the subjective Knee score of the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Lysholm Knee score, and Tegner activity grade score were evaluated preoperatively and at the minimum 1-year follow-up visit. Results A total of 16 participants met the inclusion criteria. They had a mean age of 12.6 years (range, 9–16 years); mean time to surgery, 6.9 days (range, 2–13 days) and had a minimum of 12 months clinical follow-up (mean, 25.4 months; range, 12–36 months) after surgery. Postoperative radiographs and MRI showed no injury to the epiphyseal plate, optimal reduction immediately after the operation, and bone union within three months in all patients. All of the following showed significant improvements (pre- vs. postoperatively): mean KT-1000 side-to-side difference (8.6 vs. 1.5; p

Objective This study evaluated the effects of high moisture ear corn (HMEC) on production performance, milk fatty acid composition, serum antioxidant status, and immunity in primiparous dairy cows. Methods A total of 45 healthy primiparous Holstein cows (36.50±4.30 kg of milk/d, 201±9.00 lactating days in milk) were sorted into 3 groups: control group (CG, n = 15); 50% HMEC (replacing 50% steam-flaked corn with HMEC, n = 15); and 100% HMEC (replacing steam-flaked corn with HMEC, n = 15) on an equal dry matter (DM) basis. The study consisted of adaptation period of 14 days, followed by a formal period of 60 days. Feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily. Milk and blood samples were collected on 1, 30, and 60 d of the experimental period. Results The 50% HMEC group and 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p

The conversion of biomass into sugar platform compounds is very important for the biorefinery industry. Pretreatment is essential to the biomass of the sugar platform, however, the lignin obtained by pretreatment, as a key part of lignocellulose, generally has a passive effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose into sugars. In this study, p-TsOH (p-toluenesulfonic acid), DES (Deep eutectic solvent) and CAOSA (cooking with active oxygen and solid alkali) pretreatment ways were used to fraction lignin from bamboo biomass. After CAOSA treatment, the hydrolysis efficiency of the pulp was 95.57%. Moreover, the effect of different treatment methods on lignin properties was studied and the promotion effect of lignin was investigated by adding it to the cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis system. In this work, the results showed that CAOSA-extracted lignin with lower Đ (1.31–1.25) had a better adsorption effect on the enzyme protein. p-TsOH-extracted lignin with a larger S/G ratio enhanced the inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, the presence of -COOHs in lignin could reduce its inhibitory effect on cellulose saccharification.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the value of different iterative reconstruction algorithms for orbital computed tomography (CT). Methods: Orbital CT data from 31 patients were retrospectively collected from January to March 2024 at Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University. The images were reconstructed using both the Hybrid Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm (iDose4) and Iterative Model Reconstruction (IMR) techniques for the bone and standard algorithms. The average CT number, standard deviation (SD) of noise , signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and image quality scores of different reconstruction algorithms were compared. Randomized block variance analysis was used to compare differences in objective indicators, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for related samples was used to compare differences in subjective scores. Results: The differences in the CT number, noise, SNR, and CNR of images reconstructed using different standard algorithms were statistically significant. Compared with iDose4, the noise reduction of the IMR standard algorithm-reconstructed images ranged from 25% to 67%, with an SNR increase of 1.3~1.5 times, and a CNR increase of 2 to 3 times. Compared with iDose4, the noise reduction of the IMR bone algorithm-reconstructed images ranged from 70% to 96%, with an SNR increase of 5~15 times and a CNR increase of 4~31 times. The differences in the image quality scores of the images reconstructed using different bone and standard algorithms were statistically significant. The highest scores were 5 (5, 5) for the iDose4 Level 3 Y-Detail (YD) bone algorithm group and 5 (4, 5) for the IMR Level 1 Brain Routine standard algorithm group. The consistency of the scores evaluated by the two observers was strong, with weighted kappa coefficients ranging from 0.644 to 1. Conclusion: In orbital CT, we recommend using a hybrid iterative reconstruction technique (iDose4 Level 3) to reconstruct bone algorithm images and the iterative model reconstruction technique (IMR-Level 1) to reconstruct standard algorithm images.

Abstract Low visibility weather easily leads to traffic accidents, posing threats to human life and property. To accurately forecast visibility, we conduct an empirical study focusing on Jiangsu Province. Firstly, we collect the monitoring data from meteorological stations and environmental stations for 2017-2018. Secondly, we analyze the changes in visibility from both spatial and temporal perspectives. Next, the maximum Relevance Minimum Redundancy (mRMR) algorithm is employed to select factors affecting visibility, finding that humidity and $$PM_{2.5}$$ P M 2.5 concentrations are the primary factors. Finally, we propose GCN-GRU (Graph Convolutional Network and Gated Recurrent Unit) model for short-term visibility forecasting, which employs GCN to capture the interactions between stations and uses GRU to learn the interactions between times. Experimental results indicate that GCN-GRU outperforms the standalone GRU model and three machine learning models regarding 6-hour visibility forecasting. Compared to the best competitor, GCN-GRU achieves an average increase of 3.32% in Correlation Coefficient (CORR), a decrease of 17.52% in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), a reduction of 26.62% in Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and a decline of 16.53% in Mean Absolute Error (MAE).

Sustainable energy is the key issue for the environment protection, human activity and economic development. Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are dogmatically regarded as green and sustainable electrolytes in lithium-ion, lithium-metal (e.g., lithium-sulphur, lithium-oxygen) and post-lithium-ion (e.g., sodium-ion, magnesium-ion, and aluminum-ion) batteries. High electrochemical stability of ILs/DESs is one of the prerequisites for green, sustainable and safe energy; while easy electrochemical decomposition of ILs/DESs would be contradictory to the concept of green chemistry by adding the cost, releasing volatile/hazardous by-products and hindering the recyclability. However, (1) are ILs/DESs-based electrolytes really electrochemically stable when they are not used in batteries? (2) are ILs/DESs-based electrolytes really electrochemically stable in real batteries? (3) how to design ILs/DESs-based electrolytes with high electrochemical stability for batteries to achieve sustainability and green development? Up to now, there is no summary on this topic, to the best of our knowledge. Here, we review the effect of chemical structure and non-structural factors on the electrochemical stability of ILs/DESs in simulated conditions. More importantly, electrochemical stability of ILs/DESs in real lithium-ion, lithium-metal and post-lithium-ion batteries is concluded and compared. Finally, the strategies to improve the electrochemical stability of ILs/DESs in lithium-ion, lithium-metal and post-lithium-ion batteries are proposed. This review would provide a guide to design ILs/DESs with high electrochemical stability for lithium-ion, lithium-metal and post-lithium-ion batteries to achieve sustainable and green energy.

This paper employs the difference-in-differences (DID) to investigate the impact of “going global” on enterprises' financialization. Baseline estimation shows that the degree of financialization of enterprises participating in the Belt and Road Initiative was lower compared with those not participating in the Initiative. Mechanism analysis reveals that “going global” through Belt and Road Initiative has improved enterprises' profitability of real sector investment and inhibited their motivation of financialization. These findings provide new perspectives for more effectively promoting enterprises to participate in the Belt and Road construction and helping inhibit enterprises’ financialization.

IntroductionMind-wandering is a highly dynamic phenomenon involving frequent fluctuations in cognition. However, the dynamics of functional connectivity between brain regions during mind-wandering have not been extensively studied.MethodsWe employed an analytical approach aimed at extracting recurring network states of multilayer networks built using amplitude envelope correlation and imaginary phase-locking value of delta, theta, alpha, beta, or gamma frequency band. These networks were constructed based on electroencephalograph (EEG) data collected while participants engaged in a video-learning task with mind-wandering and focused learning conditions. Recurring multilayer network states were defined via clustering based on overlapping node closeness centrality.ResultsWe observed similar multilayer network states across the five frequency bands. Furthermore, the transition patterns of network states were not entirely random. We also found significant differences in metrics that characterize the dynamics of multilayer network states between mind-wandering and focused learning. Finally, we designed a classification algorithm, based on a hidden Markov model using state sequences as input, that achieved a 0.888 mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for within-participant detection of mind-wandering.DiscussionOur approach offers a novel perspective on analyzing the dynamics of EEG data and shows potential application to mind-wandering detection.

The exploration of wide‐bandgap metal compound films with excellent passivation and contact properties on crystalline silicon (c‐Si) surface, as alternatives to traditional‐doped Si thin films, holds significant promise for the future enhancement of c‐Si solar cell efficiency. Herein, conductive boron‐doped zinc oxide (ZnO:B) films are deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) process and investigated as electron‐selective contacts, in combination with a thin SiOx passivating interlayer. This combination demonstrates a relative low contact resistivity of ≈2 mΩ cm2 and improved passivation quality. Further application of this SiOx/ZnO:B stack as a full‐area electron‐selective passivating contact in proof‐of‐concept n‐type c‐Si solar cells results in a satisfactory power conversion efficiency of over 22.0%. This electron‐selective passivating contact structure, prepared via low‐temperature, simplified, and the compositionally controlled ALD process, offers a promising pathway for the development of high‐efficiency and low‐cost c‐Si solar cells.

Cardiac arrest (CA) is a significant challenge for emergency physicians worldwide and leads to increased morbidity and mortality rates. The poor prognosis of CA primarily stems from the complexity and irreversibility of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Ferroptosis, a form of programmed cell death characterized by iron overload and lipid peroxidation, plays a crucial role in the progression and treatment of CIRI. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms of ferroptosis within the context of CIRI, focusing on its role as a key contributor to neuronal damage and dysfunction post-CA. We explore the crucial involvement of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2)-mediated signaling pathway in modulating ferroptosis-associated processes during CIRI. Through comprehensive analysis of the regulatory role of Nrf2 in the cellular responses to oxidative stress, we highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for mitigating ferroptotic cell death and improving the neurological prognosis of patients experiencing CA. Furthermore, we discuss interventions targeting the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/Nrf2/antioxidant response element pathway, including the use of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, which demonstrate potential for attenuating ferroptosis and preserving neuronal function in CIRI. Owing to the limitations in the safety, specificity, and effectiveness of Nrf2-targeted drugs, as well as the technical difficulties and ethical constraints in obtaining the results related to the brain pathological examination of patients, most of the studies focusing on Nrf2-related regulation of ferroptosis in CIRI are still in the basic research stage. Overall, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in CIRI, offering insights into novel therapeutics aimed at enhancing the clinical outcomes of patients with CA.

ObjectiveThis study aims at evaluating and juxtaposing the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) for hepatic metastases treatment.MethodsWe undertook an extensive literature search across the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, CNKI, and databases for studies published up to December 2023, assessing the outcomes of RFA versus MWA in hepatic metastases treatment. Studies were included or excluded based on established criteria. Continuous variables were analyzed with the aid of the weighted mean difference (WMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI), while the odds ratio (OR) with its 95% CI was utilized for dichotomous variables. Data were processed by use of STATA 17.0 software. Key outcomes assessed included ablation time, post-operative local tumor progression (LTP), disease-free survival (DFS), and post-operative complications (POCs).ResultsSeven studies, comprising 357 patients undergoing MWA and 452 patients undergoing RFA, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. As unveiled by the meta-analysis, RFA and MWA did not significantly differ in ablation time, DFS, and POCs. Nonetheless, MWA resulted in a strikingly reduced rate of post-operative LTP versus RFA.ConclusionMWA offers superior control over post-operative LTP, suggesting better overall efficacy in hepatic metastases treatment compared with RFA.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023385201.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is gradually increasing in prevalence and the complexity of its pathogenesis has led to a lengthy process of developing therapeutic drugs with limited success. Faced with this challenge, we proposed using a state-of-the-art drug screening algorithm to identify potential therapeutic compounds for AD from traditional Chinese medicine formulas with strong empirical support. We developed four deep neural network (DNN) models for AD drugs screening at the disease and target levels. The AD model was trained with compounds labeled for AD activity to predict active compounds at the disease level, while the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), and 5-hydroxytryptamine 6 (5-HT6) models were trained for specific AD targets. All four models performed excellently and were used to identify potential AD agents in the Kaixinsan (KXS) formula. High-scoring compounds underwent experimental validation at the enzyme, cellular, and animal levels. Compounds like 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and elemicin showed significant binding and inhibitory effects on AChE and MAO-A. Additionally, 13 compounds, including α-asarone, penetrated the blood-brain barrier (BBB), indicating potential brain target binding, and eight compounds enhanced microglial β-amyloid phagocytosis, aiding in clearing AD pathological substances. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of deep learning models in developing AD therapies and provide a strong platform for AD drug discovery.

BackgroundSarcopenia and rotator cuff tears are common among elderly patients. However, the role of sarcopenia in the management of rotator cuff tears has been often overlooked. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of sarcopenia-related traits on rotator cuff tears.MethodsTwo-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses based on genome-wide association study data were used to evaluate the causal relationships among appendicular lean mass (ALM), usual walking pace, low hand grip strength, and rotator cuff tears. Multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analyses were used to evaluate the direct effects of each muscle trait on the causal relationship.ResultsUnivariate MR analysis showed that ALM and usual walking pace were causally related to rotator cuff tears (odds ratio (OR) = 0.895; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.758-0.966, P

ObjectivesIn this study, we assessed the clinical efficacy and safety of Danlou tablets in the treatment of stable angina pectoris (SAP) with intermingled phlegm and blood stasis (IPBS), to provide high-quality evidence-based medical evidence for the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease.MethodsIn this multicenter randomized controlled study, 304 patients diagnosed with stable angina pectoris with IPBS enrolled from 12 national traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical research centers in China were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group at a ratio of 1:1. Each group was divided into four subgroups based on the results of TCM syndrome differentiation: IPBS, IPBS combined with qi deficiency, IPBS combined with qi stagnation, and IPBS combined with toxin accumulation. The control group was treated with routine Western medicine. In addition to routine Western medicine treatment, the treatment group (the IPBS group) was treated with Danlou tablets or Danlou tablets supplemented by interventional therapies based on the results of traditional Chinese medicine differentiation. The frequency of angina attacks per week was the main efficacy evaluation indicator and the secondary efficacy evaluation indicators included angina symptom score, Seattle Angina Questionnaire, an electrocardiogram (ECG) efficacy evaluation, a cardiac Doppler two-dimensional ultrasound, an electrocardiogram treadmill exercise test, blood lipids, blood glucose, a coagulation function test, hemorheology indicators, homocysteine, C-reactive protein (CRP) or high sensitivity-CRP, TCM syndromes (syndrome score, tongue, pulse), and long-term prognosis (endpoint outcome, cardiovascular events).ResultsThere were 300 cases in the full analysis set (FAS), 266 in the per-protocol set (PPS), and 300 in the safety set. Regarding the main efficacy indicator, after treatment, the reduction in the frequency of weekly angina attacks in the treatment group was significantly greater than that in the control group (P

ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the risk factors and construct the diagnostic model associated with pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in pediatric patients.MethodsThis retrospective observational study analyzed 34 cases of PCP and 51 cases of other types of pneumonia treated at Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University between January 2021 and August 2023. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors associated with PCP. Receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration plots were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic model.ResultsTwenty clinical variables significantly differed between the PCP and non-PCP groups. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis revealed that dyspnea, body temperature>36.5°C, and age36.5°C, and age

ObjectiveTo describe clinical characteristics of hospitalized children with acute asthma attacks complicated with mucus plugs and to investigate the factors associated with mucus plugs in asthma children.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed hospitalized children and adolescents with acute asthma attacks from January 2016 to December 2021. The demographic information and characteristics were collected. Subjects were categorized into the mucus plug group and the control group based on the bronchoalveolar lavage results. The Logistic regression analyses were utilized to assess the relative factors associated with mucus plugs. All data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0.ResultsThis study included 242 individuals. Out of the 151 subjects who underwent bronchoscopy, 62.9% were classified in the mucus plug group and 37.1% in the control group. The subjects with dyspnea had a higher proportion in the mucus plug group (52.6% vs. 26.8%). The serum total IgE level of the mucus plug group was lower than the control group. The proportion of subjects who were diagnosed with asthma for the first time during hospitalization (87.4% vs. 76.8%) and combined with respiratory infection (91.6% vs. 82.1%) in the mucus plug group might be higher than that in the control group. More subjects in the mucus plug group were administered systemic glucocorticoid, magnesium sulfate, aminophylline, and mucolytic drugs after hospitalization. In multivariable analysis, diagnosed with asthma for the first time during hospitalization (OR = 4.404; 1.101–17.614), dyspnea (OR = 4.039; 1.306–12.496), and cesarean (OR = 0.274; 0.092–0.812) might be associated with mucus plug in children hospitalized for an acute asthma attack.SuggestsWhile our retrospective study suggests that some clinical features of children hospitalized with asthma who have mucus plugs differ from those without, further studies are required.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, with environmental pollutants identified as significant risk factors, especially for nonsmokers. The intersection of these pollutants with epigenetic mechanisms has emerged as a critical area of interest for understanding the etiology and progression of lung cancer. Epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, can induce alterations in gene expression without affecting the DNA sequence and are influenced by environmental factors, contributing to the transformation of normal cells into malignant cells. This review assessed the literature on the influence of environmental pollutants on lung cancer epigenetics. A comprehensive search across databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase yielded 3,254 publications, with 22 high-quality papers included for in-depth analysis. These studies demonstrated the role of epigenetic markers, such as DNA methylation patterns of genes like F2RL3 and AHRR and alterations in the miRNA expression profiles, as potential biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment. The review highlights the need to expand research beyond homogenous adult male groups typically found in high-risk occupational environments to broader population demographics. Such diversification can reduce biases and enhance the relevance of findings to various clinical contexts, fostering the development of personalized preventive and therapeutic measures. In conclusion, our findings underscore the potential of innovative epigenetic therapies, such as DNA demethylating drugs and histone modification agents, to counter environmental toxins’ carcinogenic effects. The growing interest in miRNA therapies and studies aiming to correct aberrant methylation patterns indicate significant strides toward better lung cancer management and a healthier future for global communities.

PurposeCoinfections or consecutive infections of Mucor and Aspergillus are exceedingly uncommon in children, we report the case to offer the valuable experience for colleagues facing similar situations.Case reportThis report documents the first recorded case of successful treatment for pulmonary mixed infection in a diabetic girl. Initially, the patient underwent treatment based on voriconazole, but the infection continued to deteriorate. Subsequently, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) were conducted, leading to a clear diagnosis of simultaneous infection by Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus microsporus. Susceptibility testing revealed fungal resistance to voriconazole. Therefore, a combined treatment regimen of AmB liposomes and isavuconazole effectively eradicated the fungal infection.ConclusionThis case underscores the importance of early and precise identification of fungal pathogens, determination of effective antifungal medications, and timely implementation of well-planned therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, we comprehensively reviewed 10 cases of pulmonary mixed infections involving Mucor and Aspergillus, summarizing their characteristics and identifying commonalities.

IntroductionThe primary function and spatial layout of agriculture are essential foundations and prerequisites for achieving green development. This paper explores the growth drivers for the green transformation of agricultural production in Guangdong, China, aiming to guide the continuous green and low-carbon development of agricultural productivity in Guangdong.MethodsBased on the panel data of 21 prefecture-level cities in Guangdong, China, from 2004 to 2022, this paper uses DEA-BCC and DEA-Malmquist to measure the agricultural green total factor productivity (AGTFP) and its decomposition efficiency in Guangdong China. The SDM is employed to analyze its spatial spillover roles of the agricultural industrial structure (AIS) innovation.ResultsThe results show that the AGTFP varies with an overall fluctuating upward trend, but the imbalance of regional differences still exists, characterized as “Pearl River Delta > Eastern Wing > Western Wing > Mountainous Area,” indicating the siphoning role from Pearl River Delta. There is a strong spatial correlation between the AGTFP and the AIS.DiscussionOur evidence suggests that the AIS innovation improves the AGTFP and can have positive spatial consequences in neighboring areas. Besides, human capital hinders AGTFP, accounting for the self-exploitation in agricultural production driven by the excessive labor force input. Our findings highlight the spatial impact of the AIS innovation on the AGTFP when greening agricultural production.

Mental rotation has emerged as an important predictor for success in science, technology, engineering, and math fields. Previous studies have shown that males and females perform mental rotation tasks differently. However, how the brain functions to support this difference remains poorly understood. Recent advancements in neuroimaging techniques have enabled the identification of sex differences in large-scale brain network connectivity. Using a classic mental rotation task with functional magnetic resonance imaging, the present study investigated whether there are any sex differences in large-scale brain network connectivity for mental rotation performance. Our results revealed that, relative to females, males exhibited less cross-network interaction (i.e. lower inter-network connectivity and participation coefficient) of the visual network but more intra-network integration (i.e. higher intra-network connectivity and local efficiency) and cross-network interaction (i.e. higher inter-network connectivity and participation coefficient) of the salience network. Across all participants, mental rotation performance was negatively correlated with cross-network interaction (i.e. participation coefficient) of the visual network, was positively correlated with cross-network interaction (i.e. inter-network connectivity) of the salience network, and was positively correlated with intra-network integration (i.e. local efficiency) of the somato-motor network. Interestingly, the cross-network integration indexes of both the visual and salience networks significantly mediated sex difference in mental rotation performance. The present findings suggest that large-scale brain network connectivity may constitute an essential neural basis for sex difference in mental rotation, and highlight the importance of considering sex as a research variable in investigating the complex network underpinnings of spatial cognition.

Background: Family-oriented mobility has become increasingly prevalent in recent years, leading to the emergence of a new demographic: older migrants. These individuals, who are often accompanied by their family members, relocate to another place of residence while retaining their household registration in their original location. The existing literature has largely neglected the social perspective on the mental health of this population group. Methods: This study recruited participants from five communities in two cities and employed the Geriatric Social Network Scale, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and the Geriatric Depression Scale to assess their mental health and social networks. Results: Among the 317 qualified participants, 31.23 % reported experiencing anxiety and 15.77 % reported experiencing depression. The mean social network score was 3.83 ± 0.54 points. A negative correlation was observed between social network scores and both anxiety (r = −0.272, P < 0.001) and depression (r = −0.338, P < 0.001). Two distinct types of social networks were identified through latent profile analysis, with a low level of social support and a low-level social network being significantly correlated with depression (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Mental health issues are prevalent among family-oriented older migrants. A medium-level social network was found to be negatively correlated with anxiety and depression. The presence of a low-level social network was found to be associated with depression. It is imperative to prioritize the mental health status of family-oriented older migrants. Collaboration between community nurses and social workers should be encouraged to aid in exploring more effective ways of promoting the mental health status and social networks of this population.

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) based electrochemical systems have the capability to operate in fuel cell (PEMFC) and water electrolyser (PEMWE) modes, enabling efficient hydrogen energy utilisation and green hydrogen production. In addition to the essential cell stacks, the system of PEMFC or PEMWE consists of four sub-systems for managing gas supply, power, thermal, and water, respectively. Due to the system's complexity, even a small fluctuation in a certain sub-system can result in an unexpected response, leading to a reduced performance and stability. To improve the system's robustness and responsiveness, considerable efforts have been dedicated to developing advanced control strategies. This paper comprehensively reviews various control strategies proposed in literature, revealing that traditional control methods are widely employed in PEMFC and PEMWE due to their simplicity, yet they suffer from limitations in accuracy. Conversely, advanced control methods offer high accuracy but are hindered by poor dynamic performance. This paper highlights the recent advancements in control strategies incorporating machine learning algorithms. Additionally, the paper provides a perspective on the future development of control strategies, suggesting that hybrid control methods should be used for future research to leverage the strength of both sides. Notably, it emphasises the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in advancing control strategies, demonstrating its significant potential in facilitating the transition from automation to autonomy.

Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces cellular oxidative stress damage, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent promotion of apoptosis. Induction of oxidative stress damage through chemo-dynamic therapy within the tumor microenvironment (TME) represents a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Herein, folic acid-polyethylene glycol (FA-PEG)-modified MIL-101 NPs loaded with berberine (BER) were constructed to develop a nanoplatform based on the modulation of oxidative stress for the treatment of Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Comprehensive characterizations based on TEM, DLS, XRD, FTIR, TGA and UV–vis spectroscopy confirmed the successful synthesis of MIL-101/PEG-FA with uniform size, high drug loading efficiency (32.59 %) and superior pH-responsive drug release (Ber release of 24.44 % and 70.22 % within 96h at pH 7.4 and 5.0, respectively). Cellular experiments revealed that MIL-101/PEG-FA achieved the pH-responsiveness release of the BER in the TME, thereby improving the bioavailability of BER. Moreover, Fe3+ in MIL-101(Fe) showed strong ability to consume GSH and provide a continuous supply of H2O2, which decreased SOD activity, and contributed to the generation of MDA, thereby increasing the production of toxic ROS in CAL27 cells. Meanwhile, MIL-101@BER/PEG-FA up-regulated inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α and IL-1β), promoted inflammatory response in TME, induced CAL27 cells apoptosis by regulating the LKB1/AMPK pathway. Finally, MIL-101@BER/PEG-FA showed good efficiency against OSCC in vivo. Consequently, MIL-101/PEG-FA can be applied as a nanocarrier platform for the treatment of OSCC.

Ex vivo tissue culture of the human corpus cavernosum (CC) can be used to explore the tissue structural changes and complex signaling networks. At present, artificial CC-like tissues based on acellular or three-dimensional (3D)-printed scaffolds are used to solve the scarcity of primary penis tissue samples. However, inconvenience and high costs limit the wide application of such methods. Here, we describe a simple, fast, and economical method of constructing artificial CC-like tissue. Human CC fibroblasts (FBs), endothelial cells (ECs), and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were expanded in vitro and mixed with Matrigel in specific proportions. A large number of bubbles were formed in the mixture by vortexing combined with pipette blowing, creating a porous, spongy, and spatial structure. The CC FBs produced a variety of signaling factors, showed multidirectional differentiation potential, and grew in a 3D grid in Matrigel, which is necessary for CC-like tissue to maintain a porous structure as a cell scaffold. Within the CC-like tissue, ECs covered the surface of the lumen, and SMCs were located inside the trabeculae, similar to the structure of the primary CC. Various cell components remained stable for 3 days in vitro, but the EC content decreased on the 7th day. Wingless/integrated (WNT) signaling activation led to lumen atrophy and increased tissue fibrosis in CC-like tissue, inducing the same changes in characteristics as in the primary CC. This study describes a preparation method for human artificial CC-like tissue that may provide an improved experimental platform for exploring the function and structure of the CC and conducting drug screening for erectile dysfunction therapy.