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Adenosine kinase (ADK) is a key enzyme widely distributed in plants, playing an important role in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis and regulating plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stresses. However, research on ADK genes in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), an economically significant crop, has been limited. This study identified 92 ADK genes from four cotton species (G. arboreum, G. raimondii, G. hirsutum, and G. barbadense) using HMMER and Local BLASTP methods and classified them into six groups. Chromosomal localization revealed a random distribution of ADK genes in G. hirsutum, with 13 genes located on the At subgenome and 14 genes on the Dt subgenome. Gene structure analysis showed consistency in exon–intron organization within subgroups, while conserved motif analysis identified subgroup-specific motifs, indicating functional diversity. Synteny and collinearity mapping analysis revealed that the primary expansion mechanisms of the ADK gene family in cotton are polyploidy and segmental duplication. Cis-regulatory elements in GhADK promoters were classified into light response, hormone response, developmental regulation, and stress response. We also analyzed the expression patterns of GhADK genes under a low temperature (4 °C) and drought conditions. Most GhADK genes responded to cold stress with different expression patterns, indicating their roles in rapid response and long-term cold adaptation. Under drought stress, expression patterns varied, with some genes showing sustained high expression levels. The qRT-PCR validation of transcriptomic data confirmed the stress-induced expression patterns of selected GhADK genes. Functional analysis through the VIGS silencing of GhADK25 demonstrated its importance in cold and drought stress responses, with silencing resulting in poor growth under stress, highlighting its significance in stress tolerance. This study provides a basis for further understanding the evolutionary relationships and functions of the cotton ADK gene family.

Thyroid schwannoma, a rare neoplasm of the thyroid gland, originates from Schwann cells that form the myelin sheath. A 47-year-old woman presented with a progressively enlarging thyroid nodule, which was monitored by repeated ultrasonography over the previous 2 years. Following a diagnosis of thyroid schwannoma by core needle biopsy and immunohistochemical staining, the patient underwent ultrasoundguided microwave ablation (MWA). Subsequent thyroid ultrasounds indicated a gradual decrease in the tumor's volume, achieving a 12-month volume reduction ratio of 79.20%. No complications were observed. Ultrasound-guided MWA may serve as an effective alternative to conventional surgery for managing thyroid schwannomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]