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Objective·To analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with kidney-involved diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), including clinical characteristics, pathological characteristics, gene mutation profiles, and prognostic factors.Methods·One hundred and forty-nine patients with kidney-involved DLBCL, admitted to Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from July 2005 to November 2021, were retrospectively analyzed for their clinicopathological data, survival and prognostic factors, which included therapeutic methods, clinical outcomes, staging, etc. Gene mutation profiles were evaluated by targeted sequencing of 54 lymphoma-related genes. Prognostic factors were also analyzed based on the information mentioned above.Results·A total of 149 kidney-involved DLBCL cases were included, of which 89 patients (58.4%) were aged over sixty, 121 patients (81.2%) were staged Ann Arbor Ⅲ‒Ⅳ, 27 patients (18.1%) had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of two or more, 121 patients (81.2%) had elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, 111 patients (74.5%) had extranodal invasion in at least two organs and 131 patients (87.9%) scored over 2 points on the international prognosis index (IPI). The estimated 5-year overall survival (OS) rate and progression-free survival (PFS) rate of kidney-involved DLBCL patients were 52.2% and 50.4% respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that elevated serum LDH levels were an adverse prognostic factor for both OS (P=0.048) and PFS (P=0.033). In pathological characteristics, 145 patients (97.3%) belonged to DLBCL, not otherwise specified (NOS) and 39 patients (26.3%) belonged to germinal center B-cell (GCB) according to Hans classification. Among 144 patients who could be evaluated for clinical outcomes, 87 patients (60.4%) got complete response (CR). Targeted sequencing data from 75 kidney-involved DLBCL patients showed high mutation frequency in PIM1 (n=23, 31%), MYD88 (n=22, 29%), CD79B (n=21, 28%) and KMT2D (n=18, 24%), with CD79B mutation indentified as an adverse prognostic factor for OS in patients with kidney-involved DLBCL (P=0.034).Conclusion·Elevated serum LDH level is an adverse prognostic factor in patients with kidney-involved DLBCL. The prognosis of patients with CD79B mutations is poor.

Objective·To analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics, gene mutation profile, and prognostic factors of thyroid diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods·From November 2003 to December 2021, a total of 66 patients with thyroid DLBCL [23 cases (34.8%) with primary thyroid DLBCL, and 43 cases (65.2%) with secondary thyroid DLBCL] admitted to Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were retrospectively analyzed for their clinicopathological data, survival and prognostic factors. Gene mutation profiles were evaluated by targeted sequencing (55 lymphoma-related genes) in 40 patients.Results·Compared to primary thyroid DLBCL, secondary thyroid DLBCL had advanced ratio of Ann Arbor stage Ⅲ‒Ⅳ (P=0.000), elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P=0.043), number of affected extranodal involvement ≥2 (P=0.000), non-germinal center B cell (non-GCB) (P=0.030), BCL-2/MYC double expression (DE) (P=0.026), and international prognostic index (IPI) 3‒5 -scores (P=0.000). The proportion of patients who underwent thyroid surgery (P=0.012) was lower than that of patients with primary thyroid DLBCL. The complete remission (CR) rate in primary thyroid DLBCL patients was higher than that in secondary thyroid DLBCL patients (P=0.039). Fifty-five patients (83%) received rituximab combined with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP)-based first-line regimen. The estimated 5-year progression free survival (PFS) rate of primary thyroid DLBCL patients was 95.0%, higher than the 49.7% of the secondary patients (P=0.010). Univariate analysis showed that Ann Arbor Ⅲ‒Ⅳ (HR=4.411, 95%CI 1.373‒14.170), elevated LDH (HR=5.500, 95%CI 1.519‒19.911), non-GCB (HR=5.291, 95%CI 1.667‒16.788), and DE (HR=6.178, 95%CI 1.813‒21.058) were adverse prognostic factors of PFS in patients with thyroid DLBCL. Ann Arbor Ⅲ‒Ⅳ (HR=7.088, 95%CI 0.827‒60.717), elevated LDH (HR=6.982, 95%CI 0.809‒60.266), and DE (HR=18.079, 95%CI 1.837‒177.923) were adverse prognostic factors of overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis showed that Ann Arbor Ⅲ‒Ⅳ (HR=4.693, 95%CI 1.218‒18.081) and elevated LDH (HR=5.058, 95%CI 1.166‒21.941) were independent adverse prognostic factors of PFS in patients with thyroid DLBCL. Targeted sequencing data showed mutation frequency >20% in TET2 (n=14, 35%), KMT2D (n=13, 32%), TP53 (n=11, 28%), GNA13 (n=10, 25%), KMT2C (n=9, 22%), and TP53 were adverse prognostic factors of PFS in patients with thyroid DLBCL (P=0.000).Conclusion·Patients with primary thyroid DLBCL have better PFS and OS than those with secondary thyroid DLBCL. Ann Arbor Ⅲ‒Ⅳ, elevated LDH, non-GCB, and DE (MYC and BCL2) are adverse prognostic factors in thyroid DLBCL. TET2, KMT2D, TP53, GNA13, and KMT2C are commonly highly mutated genes in thyroid DLBCL, and the prognosis of patients with TP53 mutations is poor.

Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor (EBV-SMT) is rare in adults. The presence of intratumoral T lymphocytes and primitive rounded cells characterized this neoplasm. We report a 24-year-old Chinese man who developed EBV-SMT in the right adrenal gland with hepatitis B infection and autoimmune hemolytic anemia without a history of HIV infection, primary immune deficiency, organ transplantation, or malignant tumor. This patient had an unknown immunodeficient state. EBV-SMTs are commonly located in the liver, lung, and gastrointestinal tract but rarely in the adrenal gland. We reviewed 10 reported literature on EBV-SMT in the adrenal gland. It is imperative to distinguish EBV-SMT from conventional somatic smooth muscle tumors. The discovery of EBV-SMT forces the clinician to conduct a thorough evaluation of immune function and immune status surveillance, and these patients are vulnerable to subsequent malignant tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Marginal zone lymphomas (MZLs) comprise a diverse group of indolent lymphoproliferative disorders; however, some patients develop histologic transformation (HT) with rapid progression to aggressive lymphoma. Methods: Forty‐three MZLs with HT (HT‐MZLs), 535 MZLs, and 174 de novo diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) without rearrangements of MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 were collected. Among these, 22 HT‐MZLs, 39 MZLs, and 174 DLBCLs were subjected to 148‐gene targeted exome sequencing. The clinicopathologic features of patients who had HT‐MZL and their genetic alterations were compared with those of patients who had MZLs and DLBCLs. Results: All 43 HT‐MZLs corresponded to DLBCLs. No HT‐MZLs harbored BCL2 and MYC and/or BCL6 rearrangements. Bone marrow involvement and higher levels of lactate dehydrogenase were significantly more common in HT‐MZLs than in MZLs. Furthermore, upregulated BCL6, MUM1, C‐MYC, and Ki‐67 expression was observed more frequently in HT‐MZLs than in MZLs. TBL1XR1 was the most frequently altered gene (63.6%) in HT‐MZLs, followed by CCND3 (31.8%), CARD11, ID3, and TP53 (22.7%). A trend toward worse progression‐free survival in patients with TBL1XR1 mutations was observed. Compared with MZLs and non–germinal center B‐cell (GCB) type DLBCLs, significantly higher frequencies of TBL1XR1 and ID3 mutations were identified in HT‐MZLs. PIM1 mutations frequently occurred in DLBCLs and were significantly associated with TBL1XR1 mutations but were mutated less in HT‐MZLs that had TBL1XR1 mutations. Conclusions: The current findings reveal the clinicopathologic and genetic features of HT‐MZLs, suggesting that these tumors might constitute a group distinct from MZL and de novo non–GCB type DLBCL. TBL1XR1 mutations may be considered a predictor of HT in MZL. A majority of marginal zone lymphomas with histologic transformation harbor TBL1XR1 mutations. Marginal zone lymphomas with histologic transformation exhibit immunophenotypic and genetic features that differ from those of marginal zone lymphomas and de novo diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize(Zea mays. L) is a globally important crop, and understanding its genetic diversity is crucial for plant breeding phylogenetic analyses and comparative genetics. While nuclear markers have been extensively used for mapping agriculturally important genes, they are limited in recognizing characteristics, such as cytoplasmic male sterility and reciprocal cross hybrids. In this study, we performed next-generation sequencing of 176samples, and the maize cultivars represented five distinct groups. A total of 89 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 11 insertion/deletion polymorphisms (InDels) were identified. To enable high-throughput detection, we successfully amplified and confirmed 49 SNP and InDel markers, which were defined as a Varietal Chloroplast Panel (VCP) using the Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP). The specific markers provided a valuable tool for identifying chloroplast groups. The verification experiment, focusing on the identification of reciprocal cross hybrids and cytoplasmic male sterility hybrids, demonstrated the significant advantages of VCP markers in maternal inheritance characterization. Furthermore, only a small subset of these markers is needed to provide useful information, showcasing the effectiveness of these markers in elucidating the artificial selection process of elite maize lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crop pedigrees incorporate information on the kinship and genetic evolutionary history of breeding materials. Complete and accurate pedigree information is vital for effective genetic improvement of crops and maximal exploitation of heterosis in crop production. It is difficult for breeders to accurately extrapolate the selection of germplasm resources with missing genealogical information based on breeding experience. In this study, an algorithm called PidTools was developed, consisting of five sets of algorithms from three core modules, for accurate pedigree identification analysis. The algorithms and associated tools are suitable for all crops, for the reconstruction and visualization of a complete pedigree for breeding materials. The algorithm and tools were validated with the model crop maize. A genotype database was constructed using Maize6H-60K array data from 5791 maize inbred lines. The pedigree of the maize inbred line Jing72464 was identified without prior provision of any parental information. The pedigree information for Zheng58 was fully identified at the genome-wide scale. With regard to group identification, the parents of a doubled-haploid group were identified based on the genotyping data. The pedigree of 21 Dan340 derived lines were visualized using PidTools. The algorithms are incorporated into a user-friendly online analytical platform, PidTools-WS, with an associated customizable toolkit program, PidTools-CLI. These analytical tools and the present results provide useful information for future maize breeding. The PidTools online analysis platform is available at https://PidTools.plantdna.site/., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a rare lymphoid and/or plasmocytic proliferation that occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We aimed to identify the pathologic features and clinical outcomes of T-cell PTLD, an extremely rare subtype of PTLD, after allo-HSCT. In this study, six allo-HSCT recipients with T-cell PTLD from five transplant centers in China were enrolled. All the T-cell PTLD were donor-derived, and three patients were with monomorphic and three with polymorphic types, respectively. All patients received cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP)-based chemotherapy. Five patients achieved complete response (CR), and one experienced progressive disease (PD). The median time from HSCT to onset was 4 (range: 0.6-72) months, analyzed in combination with the other 16 patients with T-cell PTLD identified from previous reports. About 56.3% of the T-cell samples (9/16) were positive for in situ hybridization with an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small nuclear early region (EBER ISH). CHOP-based chemotherapy might be the optimal strategy for patients who showed no response to empiric therapy with a CR rate of 87.5%. In conclusion, our study observed that T-cell PTLD has distinct clinical manifestations and morphological features, which characterized by less relation to EBV, later occurrence, and poorer prognosis when compared with B-cell PTLD., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.