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Substituting slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with thermodynamically favorable urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is considered as one of the feasible strategies for achieving energy-saving hydrogen production. Herein, a uniform layer of NiMoO4 nanorods was grown on nickel foam by a hydrothermal method. Then, a series of Ni-MoOx/NF-X nanorod catalysts comprising Ni/NiO and MoOx (MoO2/MoO3) were prepared through regulating annealing atmosphere and reduction temperature. The optimized Ni-MoOx/NF-3 with a large accessible specific area can act as a bifunctional catalyst for electrocatalytic anodic UOR and cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). At a current density of 100 mA cm−2, the introduction of urea can significantly reduce the overpotential of Ni-MoOx/NF-3 by 210 mV compared to OER. In addition, Ni-MoOx/NF-3 has a higher intrinsic activity than other catalysts. It only requires −0.21 and 1.38 V to reach 100 mA cm−2 in HER and UOR, respectively. Such an excellent performance can be attributed to the synergistic function between Ni and MoOx. The presence of metallic Ni and reduced MoOx in pairs is beneficial for improving the electrical conductivity and modulating the electronic structure, resulting in enhancing the electrocatalytic performance. When assembling Ni-MoOx/NF-3 into an overall urea–water splitting system, it can achieve energy-saving hydrogen production and effective removal of urea-rich wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, biopharmaceuticals have received extensive attention from the society, among which recombinant proteins have a good growth trend and a large market share. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the preferred mammalian system to produce glycosylated recombinant protein drugs. A highly efficient and stable cell screening method needs to be developed to obtain more and useful recombinant proteins. Limited dilution method, cell sorting, and semi-solid medium screening are currently the commonly used cell cloning methods. These methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and they have the disadvantage of low clone survival rate. Here, a method based on semi-solid medium was developed to screen out high-yielding and stable cell line within 3 weeks to improve the screening efficiency. The semi-solid medium was combined with an expression vector containing red fluorescent protein (RFP) for early cell line development. In accordance with the fluorescence intensity of RFP, the expression of upstream target gene could be indicated, and the fluorescence intensity was in direct proportion to the expression of upstream target gene. In conclusion, semi-solid medium combined with bicistronic expression vector provides an efficient method for screening stable and highly expressed cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Anthracycline drugs, as a class of commonly used antitumor chemotherapeutics, play a significant role in the treatment of various cancers. However, they possess notable cardiotoxicity, which seriously undermines the quality of life for cancer patients. Therefore, early monitoring and mitigation of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) have become urgent clinical issues to address. This study summarizes the mechanisms of AIC, encompassing oxidative stress, apoptosis, cardiac microenvironment remodeling, ferroptosis, and autophagy. Meanwhile, we have discovered that in addition to traditional medical imaging techniques that can monitor cardiotoxicity, emerging diagnostic tools such as advanced imaging technologies and human induced pluripotent stem cells demonstrate immense potential for early identification of subclinical toxicity and timely pharmacological intervention prior to the occurrence of irreversible cardiac damage. In terms of prevention and treatment of AIC, on the one hand, we can select appropriate drugs based on the molecular mechanisms of AIC to reduce cardiotoxicity. On the other hand, we can use derivatives with lesser cardiotoxicity, such as liposomes and nanoparticles, to prevent AIC, thereby improving the prognosis of cancer patients. Anthracyclines represent a highly efficacious class of chemotherapeutic agents employed extensively in antitumor therapy. They are universally recognized for their potency in treating diverse malignancies, encompassing breast cancer, gastrointestinal tumors, and lymphomas. Nevertheless, the accumulation of anthracyclines within the body can lead to significant cardiac toxicity, adversely impacting both the survival rates and quality of life for tumor patients. This limitation somewhat restricts their clinical utilization. Determining how to monitor and mitigate their cardiotoxicity at an early stage has become an urgent clinical problem to be solved. Therefore, this paper reviews the mechanism of action, early monitoring, and strategies for the prevention of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity for clinical reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite as an emerging semiconductor luminescent material has attracted widespread attention due to its simple preparation, high luminescence quantum yield, high color purity, tunable spectrum, and ability to cover the entire visible light band. However, due to the influence of water or other highly polar solvents, oxygen, temperature, and radiation, perovskite nanocrystals will aggregate or collapse in the lattice, eventually leading to luminescence quenching. This study starts from the postprocessing of perovskite, uses methyl methacrylate as the monomer and TPO as the photoinitiator, and encapsulates the perovskite powder prepared by the hot injection method through ultraviolet light initiation. A method is proposed to improve the luminescence and crystal structure stability of perovskite. By eliminating the influence of environmental factors on perovskite nanocrystals through the dense structure formed by organic polymers, the resistance of perovskite to strong polar solvents such as water will be greatly improved, and it has great potential in the protection of perovskite. Finally, by changing the proportion of halogen elements in the perovskite resin to change the color of the luminescent resin, a fluorescent coating emitting light in all visible light bands is prepared. Fluorescent coatings are widely used in life and industry fields such as plastics, sol, and paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectiveMethodsResultsConclusionsAsthma is a common chronic condition in children globally. Allergen-specific immunotherapy, such as subcutaneous (SCIT) and sublingual (SLIT) therapies, are promising by increasing allergen tolerance. This meta-analysis compares the efficacy and safety of SLIT and SCIT in pediatric asthma.We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase for randomized controlled trials and case–control studies comparing SLIT and SCIT in asthmatic children. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models with calculations via R software version 4.3.2 and RevMan version 5.4. Study quality and bias risk were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool.The literature search yielded a total of 1787 records, with 7 studies meeting the inclusion criteria after screening and assessments. There was no significant difference in the Total Asthma Symptoms Score between SLIT and SCIT (mean difference −0.05 [95% CI: −0.21; 0.10]). However, asthma improvement rates were higher in the SLIT group (risk ratio 0.77 [95% CI: 0.64; 0.93]). FEV1 improvement showed no significant difference (mean difference −1.60 [95% CI: −6.27; 3.08]). Adverse events were similar between the treatments (risk ratio 0.56 [95% CI: 0.11; 2.82]).SLIT and SCIT were generally similarly effective and safe for treating pediatric asthma. SLIT may be preferred due to its noninvasive administration. More research is needed on long-term effects and tailored treatment approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cyperus stoloniferus is an important species in coastal ecosystems and possesses economic and ecological value. To elucidate the structural characteristics, variation, and evolution of the organelle genome of C. stoloniferus, we sequenced, assembled, and compared its mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes. Results: We assembled the mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of C. stoloniferus. The total length of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) was 927,413 bp, with a GC content of 40.59%. It consists of two circular DNAs, including 37 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, and five rRNAs. The length of the chloroplast genome (cpDNA) was 186,204 bp, containing 93 PCGs, 40 tRNAs, and 8 rRNAs. The mtDNA and cpDNA contained 81 and 129 tandem repeats, respectively, and 346 and 1,170 dispersed repeats, respectively, both of which have 270 simple sequence repeats. The third high-frequency codon (RSCU > 1) in the organellar genome tended to end at A or U, whereas the low-frequency codon (RSCU < 1) tended to end at G or C. The RNA editing sites of the PCGs were relatively few, with only 9 and 23 sites in the mtDNA and cpDNA, respectively. A total of 28 mitochondrial plastid DNAs (MTPTs) in the mtDNA were derived from cpDNA, including three complete trnT-GGU, trnH-GUG, and trnS-GCU. Phylogeny and collinearity indicated that the relationship between C. stoloniferus and C. rotundus are closest. The mitochondrial rns gene exhibited the greatest nucleotide variability, whereas the chloroplast gene with the greatest nucleotide variability was infA. Most PCGs in the organellar genome are negatively selected and highly evolutionarily conserved. Only six mitochondrial genes and two chloroplast genes exhibited Ka/Ks > 1; in particular, atp9, atp6, and rps7 may have undergone potential positive selection. Conclusion: We assembled and validated the mtDNA of C. stoloniferus, which contains a 15,034 bp reverse complementary sequence. The organelle genome sequence of C. stoloniferus provides valuable genomic resources for species identification, evolution, and comparative genomic research in Cyperaceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Anthracyclines have a central role in anti-cancer therapy, but their side effects of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) during systemic administration have always been a problem for both patients and clinicians. The application of anthracycline agents leads to arrhythmias, causing nonspecific ECG changes. And the incidence rates of abnormal QT changes could be early markers of AIC. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review, meta-analysis, and network meta-analysis to evaluate the arrhythmic risk of anthracyclines and the comparative risk for each agent. We included 4 cohort studies, 8 RCTs, and 18 single-arm studies, and the result shows anthracyclines were associated with a statistically significant 90% increase in the risk of arrhythmia and a 114% increase in the risk of supraventricular arrhythmia. Among them, epirubicin ranked the most likely to have the highest risk of arrhythmia compared with non-anthracycline antineoplastic drugs in the analysis. The purpose of this research is to improve the monitoring of ECGs by clinicians while applying anthracyclines and to try to use molecular imaging technology to study the mechanism of drug action on cardiac electrophysiology in the future. The effects of anthracycline agents on the electrophysiological properties of cardiac cells can be better understood with the help of imaging molecular targets in cardiac cells, which may result in safer and more effective clinical use of the drugs. Background: Chemotherapy is the main first-line treatment, but there is a problem of adverse reactions to systemic drugs. Chemotherapeutic agents may cause adverse effects on the body, influencing the prognosis. Whether the clinical application of anthracyclines is associated with an increased arrhythmic risk remains controversial. To evaluate the arrhythmic risk of anthracyclines as a class, and the comparative risk for each drug, we conducted a systematic review, meta-analysis, and network meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched, up to March 2022, for randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case–control studies that investigated the association between anthracyclines treatment and the risk of arrhythmia. We followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines for data selection and extraction. Outcomes were pooled using fixed effects models in cohort studies and randomized controlled studies, and random models in single-arm studies. Direct and indirect comparisons in network meta-analysis were performed using frequentist methods. Results: In total, 4 cohort studies, 8 RCTs, and 18 single-arm studies were included in our analysis. Anthracyclines' use was associated with a statistically significant 90% increase in the risk of arrhythmia (odds ratio [OR] 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62–2.24) and a 114% increase in the risk of supraventricular arrhythmia (OR 2.14; 95% CI 1.18–3.89). And the single-arm studies also indicated that the incidence of arrhythmia rate is 20% and the 95% CI is 15/100–25/100. Epirubicin ranked most likely to have the highest risk of arrhythmia compared with non-anthracycline antineoplastic drugs in the analysis (OR 43.07 [95% CI 2.80–2105.83]) by network meta-analysis. Conclusions: Our findings show a significant association between anthracyclines' use and an increased risk of arrhythmia, especially supraventricular arrhythmia. Epirubicin ranked with the highest probability of arrhythmia. These results indicated that cardiac rhythm should be strictly monitored during the application of anthracyclines in clinical practice, and a possible therapy for anthracycline-associated arrhythmia should be explored. Molecular imaging technology is an important means to study the mechanism of drug action on cardiac electrophysiology in the future. By imaging molecular targets in cardiac cells, the effects of drugs on the electrophysiological properties of cardiac cells can be understood, which provides information for the development of safer and more effective drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the development of an improved and eco-friendly synthesis method for (R)-5,7-difluorochroman-4-ol, a key intermediate in the production of Tegoprazan, a medication used to treat acid-related diseases. The researchers optimized the reaction conditions and achieved a high yield and purity of the desired product using lipase-catalyzed resolution and Mitsunobu inversion. This method shows promise for practical use in the green synthesis of Tegoprazan due to its efficiency and environmental sustainability. The document provides a detailed account of the synthesis process and acknowledges financial support from the CQMU Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine. [Extracted from the article]

A broad scope of quinazolin-4(3H)-ones or benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides was obtained via a transition-metal free and convenient method. This approach involving KHSO4 promoted cyclization and dehydration between diverse functionalized 2-aminobenzamides or 2-aminobenzenesulfonamides and N, N-dimethylformamide derivatives. The protocol offers moderate to excellent yields (45%-93%) under mild condition in a short of reaction time of 6 hours. The use of an environment-friendly and less expensive catalyst KHSO4 also makes this protocol more attractive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is the application of a low‐level laser device to generate physiological changes and provide therapeutic effects. Till now, the effects of PBMT on the neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells have been rarely reported. Herein, the potential effect and mechanism of PBMT on the neural differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were preliminarily investigated in our research. The optimal dose of 3.75 J/cm2 was first screened for use in the following neural‐inducing studies. Then, DPSCs were cultured in neural induction medium and treated with laser irradiation for 7 days. From the results of morphology and immunofluorescence, we found that irradiation promoted the formation of neural stem cell‐like spheroids derived from DPSCs and enhanced potential neural differentiation. Furthermore, neural differentiation gene expressions of Nestin, microtubule‐associated protein‐2, and neural cell adhesion molecule were increased after PBMT irradiation. The protein expressions of class III β‐tubulin and neurogenic differentiation factor 1 were also improved. Meanwhile, the involvement of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK1/2) was investigated by western blot. Our study showed that the neural differentiation of DPSCs was promoted by PBMT, and the underlying mechanism in this process was associated with activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the causal link between dietary habits and hypertension through Mendelian randomization, providing distinct perspectives on the role of diet in addressing this worldwide health issue. Utilizing instrumental variables, we applied advanced statistical methods, including the weighted median, inverse variance weighted, and MR‐Egger, to evaluate the impact of 17 dietary elements on hypertension. These elements ranged across various food groups, such as fruits, meats, vegetables, and beverages, both alcoholic and nonalcoholic. Our results identified a significant positive association of hypertension with weekly alcohol consumption (OR 1.340 [95%CI 1.0001 to 1.794], p =.0499) and poultry intake (OR 2.569 [95%CI 1.305 to 5.057], p =.00631). Conversely, a negative association was observed with lamb/mutton (OR 0.550 [95%CI 0.343 to 0.881], p =.0129), cheese (OR 0.650 [95%CI 0.519 to 0.813], p =.000159), tea (OR 0.797 [95%CI 0.640 to 0.993], p =.0433), cereal (OR 0.684 [95%CI 0.494 to 0.948], p =.0227), and dried fruit consumption (OR 0.492 [95%CI 0.343 to 0.707], p =.000127). These findings suggest that dietary modifications, such as increasing consumption of specific foods like cheese, lamb/mutton, tea, cereals, and dried fruits, could potentially reduce hypertension risk while reducing intake of alcoholic beverages and poultry might mitigate its increase. No direct causal relationships were established between other dietary factors and hypertension. The study highlights the importance of specific dietary modifications for the prevention and control of hypertension, making a substantial contribution to public health tactics and recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]