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Double van der Waals heterojunctions (vdWHs) based on 2D materials showcase multifunctional properties, including anti‐ambipolar behavior and polarization‐sensitive photodetection capabilities, providing a new degree of freedom for the development of next‐generation integrated electronics and optoelectronics. Herein, this work reports an anti‐ambipolar transistor with high polarized photosensitivity based on MoS2/Ta2NiS5/WSe2 double vdWH with back‐to‐back type‐I band alignment. It demonstrates a noticeable negative differential transconductance with an ultrahigh peak‐to‐valley ratio of 4.3 × 104 and a bidirectional transconductance variation from 41.6 to −17.5 nS when VD = 2 V. It is ascribed to the effective gate‐modulation of the reversed band edge bending at the double vdWH interfaces. Additionally, the structure benefits from a photogating effect and the anisotropic Ta2NiS5 interlayer, achieving a peak responsivity of 120.58 A W−1 and a decent specific detectivity of 2.65 × 1012 Jones at VD = 2 V and Vg = 5 V and exhibiting an exceptional photocurrent anisotropic ratio of 15.31 via the photovoltaic effect under 635 nm light. These findings not only expand the potential applications of the advanced 2D Ta2NiS5 material but also offer valuable insights for the development of multifunctional optoelectronic devices leveraging 2D double vdWHs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The health of older adults is crucial for the overall health of the entire life cycle. Based on population sampling survey data and census data from 131 prefecture level units in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) during 2010–2020, this study used exploratory spatial data analysis, geographical detector, stepwise regression analysis, and GTWR model to analyze the spatiotemporal pattern and influencing factors of the health level of older adults in the YREB. The results show that the health level of older adults in the YREB slightly increased from 2010 to 2020, with the most significant improvement in the upstream region and the most significant decline in the midstream region. The older adults' health level in the YREB displays a gradient decreasing pattern of the downstream, midstream, and upstream regions. The health level of older adults in the YREB is influenced by a combination of natural and social environment factors. Areas with lower altitude and moderate humidity climates are more conducive to the health of older adults. The increase in influencing factors such as population migration rate, per capita GDP, average years of education, per capita housing construction area, per capita park green area, and green coverage rate in built-up areas is conducive to improving the health level of older adults, while lower number of health institutions per 1,000 people and higher household support rate are not conducive to improving the health level of older adults. In addition, over time, the health-promoting effect of natural environmental factors is enhanced from 2010 to 2020, and the influence of annual precipitation on shaping the spatial pattern of older adults' health level became more obvious. Although the promoting effect of population migration on the health level of older adults tends to weaken, it remains the primary factor affecting the spatiotemporal differentiation of older adults' health level in the YREB. The impact of social development on the health level of older adults has changed from a positive health effect (improvement) to a negative health effect (loss). The health-promoting effect of living environment factors is enhanced. The health-inhibitory effect of household support rate increased, and showed a gradient decreasing pattern from downstream to midstream to upstream. The findings of this study can provide a more in-depth understanding of the spatiotemporal pattern of the health level of older adults in the YREB and the factors influencing it, improve the health level of older adults in the region, and promote the development of healthy and active aging in the YREB, and improve the human health. At the same time, this study also supplements the related research on aging and the health level of the elderly. Firstly, it can provide reference for the research on the health of old adults in other countries and regions around the world. Secondly, it can also provide a basis for research on aging and the health of old adults in cities and counties under YREB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable lithium‐carbon dioxide (Li‐CO2) batteries present a compelling strategy for carbon capture and utilization techniques. Nevertheless, the formation of Li2CO3 as the main discharge product in the 4e−/3CO2 electrochemistry of Li‐CO2 batteries necessitates an elevated applied voltage to achieve full decomposition, which leads to severe performance issues in Li‐CO2 batteries. In this work, a stable lithium oxalate (Li2C2O4) electrochemistry involving a 2e−/2CO2 process triggered by Mo2N@Ti3C2O2 electrocatalyst is proposed, which facilitates highly reversible redox reactions in Li‐CO2 batteries. The presence of enriched ‐O terminations at the interface between Mo2N and Ti3C2O2 strengthens charge redistribution of Mo 3d orbital electron and enhances the coupling between Mo 3d orbitals and O 2p orbitals in Li2C2O4. The adsorption energy of Li2C2O4 on Mo2N@Ti3C2O2 surface and energy barrier for self‐disproportionation reaction of Li2C2O4 are further increased, enabling the stable Li2C2O4 electrochemistry. Therefore, the Mo2N@Ti3C2O2 based Li‐CO2 battery can produce Li2C2O4 discharge products even at a high discharge rate of 500 mA g−1 (ten times to previous studies) and during deep cycling processes. Due to the stable Li2C2O4 electrochemistry, Li‐CO2 batteries exhibit excellent electrochemical performance, including ultra‐low overpotential (0.55 V), ultra‐high energy efficiency (82.9%), and excellent cycling stability electrode (800 h). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous deepening of coal-seam extraction has sharply increased both gas pressure and content. The use of viscoelastic surfactant fracturing fluids (VESFFs) has been demonstrated to effectively improve coal-seam permeability and mitigate the occurrence of gas disasters. After injection into coal, VESFFs interact with the coal and affect its surface characteristics. In this study, to characterize changes in zeta potential, oxygen-containing functional groups, and the microcrystalline structure of hard and soft coal surfaces under the influence of VESFFs with different formulations, zeta potential measurements and Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies were performed. The VESFFs enhanced the electrostatic repulsion between the pore wall and coal particles, which is favorable for the removal of coal particles from hard and soft coal surfaces. The combination of cationic with zwitterionic viscoelastic surfactants (VESs) in the VESFFs exposed more hydrophilic functional groups on the surfaces of hard and soft coal, increasing wettability and affecting nanometer pores. A VESFF based on anionic and zwitterionic VESs as the primary agents could enhance the extension of the aromatic layer (La) of the aromatic crystal nuclei and reduce the interlayer spacing (d002) of hard and soft coal, thereby increasing the volume of micropores. This research offers theoretical guidance for optimizing the primary components of VESFFs and elucidates the mechanism through which VESFFs act on nanopores in coal from a microscopic perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fabricating strain sensors with high response in a wide temperature and strain range is still a challenge, especially in high temperature harsh environments. Herein, a dual‐functional sensor with cantilever beam structure is fabricated using polymer‐derived SiCN ceramics, which can be applied for temperature and stain monitor. The performance of the integrated sensor is evaluated from room temperature to 1000 °C and the related sensing mechanism is analyzed. The prepared strain sensor has ultrafast response of 60 ms in the strain range of 0–3500 µε and the maximum strain rate can reach 46 200 µε s−1. Moreover, the sensor has excellent stability and ultra‐high sensitivity under high temperature environments. Additionally, the temperature can be detected separately up to 1000 °C without any disturbance. This attractive integration sensor with competitive sensitivity, excellent stability, ultrafast response speed, and broad range, has great potential to detect temperature and strain signals for practical application in high temperature extreme environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Penicillium oxalicum is an important fungal agent in the composting of cattle manure, but the changes that occur in the microbial community, physicochemical factors, and potential functions of microorganisms at different time points are still unclear. To this end, the dynamic changes occurring in the microbial community and physicochemical factors and their correlations during the composting of cattle manure with Penicillium oxalicum were analysed. Results: The results showed that the main phyla observed throughout the study period were Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Halanaerobiaeota, Apicomplexa and Ascomycota. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) illustrated that Chitinophagales and Eurotiomycetes were biomarker species of bacteria and eukaryote in samples from Days 40 and 35, respectively. Bacterial community composition was significantly correlated with temperature and pH, and eukaryotic microorganism community composition was significantly correlated with moisture content and NH4+-N according to redundancy analysis (RDA). The diversity of the microbial communities changed significantly, especially that of the main pathogenic microorganisms, which showed a decreasing trend or even disappeared after composting. Conclusions: In conclusion, a combination of high-throughput sequencing and physicochemical analysis was used to identify the drivers of microbial community succession and the composition of functional microbiota during cattle manure composting with Penicillium oxalicum. The results offer a theoretical framework for explaining microecological assembly during cattle manure composting with Penicillium oxalicum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]