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Objective To investigate the application of 99mTc-sulfur colloid (99mTc-SC) lymph node imaging with methylene blue tracing during sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) procedures and its importance in evaluating axillary lymph node metastasis and safety. Methods A total of 121 breast cancer patients admitted to Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from December 2017 to December 2022 were selected,and were randomly divided into the methylene blue group（n=41）, the 99mTc-SC group （n=40）and combination group（n=40）. All patients recevied SLNB under the tracing of methylene blue, 99mTc-SC radionuclide imaging, or the combination of the two ,and followed by axillary lymph node dissection. Based on the pathological results after SLNB, the diagnostic efficiency of three methods for sentinel lymph nodes was analyzed.Results There was no significant difference in the detection accuracy, specificity, sensitivity and false negative rate of axillary sentinel lymph nodes among the three groups (P>0.05).The detected number of axillary positive lymph nodes in methylene blue group (2.79±0.98),99mTc-SC group (3.25±1.25), and combination group (3.97±1.06) increased sequentially (F=11.78, P

90Sr has strong bremsstrahlung radiation, before manufacturing the radioisotope heat source, it is necessary to first simulate the composition of the 90SrTiO3 ceramic pellet, design the structure of the fuel cladding, and evaluate the bremsstrahlung radiation of the pellet and fuel cladding according to the manufacturing process. In order to reduce the exposure dose of thermoelectric conversion devices, the article based on β shielding principle has proposed three methods to reduce bremsstrahlung radiation from radioactive sources. The MCNP simulation results show that using aluminum foil to wrap the core blocks, optimizing the core block ingredients, and adding boron nitride gaskets can effectively reduce bremsstrahlung. All three methods will change the design size of the fuel cladding, and the engineering feasibility of wrapping aluminum foil is poor. The research results will guide the design and manufacturing of the source part of the Sr-90 thermoelectric generator, and provide theoretical methods for radiation optimization of the generator.

Wound healing is a complex and precisely regulated process that encompasses multiple stages, including inflammation, anti-inflammation, and tissue repair. It involves various cells and signaling molecules, with macrophages demonstrating a significant degree of plasticity and playing a crucial regulatory role at different stages. In recent years, the use of biomaterials, which include both natural and synthetic polymers or macromolecules, has proliferated for the purpose of enhancing wound healing. This review summarizes how these diverse biomaterials promote wound healing by modulating macrophage behavior and examines the broader implications of these modulations. Additionally, we discuss the limitations associated with the clinical application of immunomodulatory biomaterials and propose potential solutions. Finally, we look towards future developments in the design of immunomodulatory biomaterials intended to enhance wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A composite comprising a silver nanoparticles‐loaded poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (PAMAM/AgNPs) is synthesized using a one‐step method under vortex at room temperature. The structure of glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked PAMAM dendrimer is characterized using FTIR and high‐resolution magic angle spinning–carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance (HRMAS 13C NMR) spectroscopy. The crosslinking structure ensures the uniformity and stability of the Ag nanoparticles, and the flexibility of the PAMAM/AgNPs composite. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirm the formation of Ag nanoparticles in the PAMAM/AgNPs composite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and three‐dimensional (3D) micro‐Raman images reveal the coarsely porous 3D micro‐structure of the PAMAM/AgNPs composite. This unique micro‐3D architecture provides the PAMAM/AgNPs composite with spongy flexibility and a swab‐like nature, which is advantageous for the rapid and effective absorption of liquid samples on the surfaces of objects. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) indicates that the detection limits of both rhodamine 6G (R6G) and thiram are 1.0 × 10−5 mol L−1, and the SERS enhancement factor of R6G is determined to be 1.35 × 104. The spongy flexible PAMAM/AgNPs SERS substrate therefore has potential for use in Raman active compound detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A concise hydrosilylation of alkynes for synthesizing β‐(E)‐vinylsilanes catalyzed by dirhodium(II)/XantPhos has been developed. In this reaction, β‐(E)‐vinylsilanes were generated from the isomerization of β‐(Z)‐vinylsilanes catalyzed by dirhodium(II) hydride species rather than the direct insertion of triple bond into M−H or M−Si bond (traditional Chalk‐Harrod mechanism or modified Chalk‐Harrod mechanism). The hydrosilylation displayed a broad substrate scope for alkynes and tertiary silanes, tolerating diverse functional groups including halides, nitriles, amines, esters, and heterocycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achilles tendon defect is caused by direct or indirect violence that makes it difficult for the tensile strength of the Achilles tendon to resist external forces. It is characterized by a lack of tissue integrity around the Achilles tendon, local bruising or bacterial infection, and ultimately leads to abnormal gait. This paper reviews the recent research progress of biodegradable polymeric materials in treating Achilles tendon defects at home and abroad, mainly introducing the therapeutic impact on the repair of Achilles tendon defects from materials alone, materials combined with drugs or cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Itch, a common uncomfortable sensory experience, occurs frequently in inflammatory or allergic disorders. In recent years, with the discovery of itch‐specific pathways in the peripheral and central nervous system, the association between immunology and neural pathways has gradually emerged as the main mechanism of itch. Although many studies have been conducted on itch, no bibliometric analysis study focusing on this topic has been conducted. This study aimed to explore the research hotspots and trends in the itch field from a bibliometric perspective. Methods: Publications relevant to itch, published from 2003 to 2022, were retrieved from the Science Citation Index‐Expanded of Web of Science Core Collection. Publications were critically reviewed and analyzed with CiteSpace software, Vosviewer, and the bibliometric online analysis platform. Visual maps were conducted in terms of annual production, collaborating countries or institutions, productive authors, core journals, co‐cited references, and keyword bursts. Results: 2395 articles on itch that met our criteria were identified and the quantity of publications has been increasing rapidly since 2012. The USA was the most influential country. University Hospital Münster was the institution with the most publications. Gil Yosipovitch was the most prolific author. Atopic dermatitis (AD), intradermal serotonin, chronic pruritus, mechanical itch, gastrin‐releasing peptide, substance p, interleukin‐31 receptor, histamine‐induced itch, bile acid, scratching behavior, and h‐4 receptor were the top 11 clusters in co‐citation cluster analysis. Keyword burst analysis suggested that treatment, inflammation, and AD are current research hotspots. Conclusion: Global publications on itch research have increased steadily and rapidly over the past 20 years. Inflammation and AD are current research hotspots. The neuroimmunological and neuroinflammatory mechanisms of itch, as well as clinical assessment methods and therapeutic targets, will be novel research directions in the future. This study provides guidance for further itch research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of autophagy in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) is controversial in LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Mixed lineage kinase domain–like pseudokinase (MLKL) has recently been reported to maintain cell survival by facilitating autophagic flux in response to starvation rather than its well-recognized role in necroptosis. Using a mouse PMVEC and LPS-induced ALI model, we showed that in PMVECs, MLKL was phosphorylated (p-MLKL) and autophagic flux was accelerated at the early stage of LPS stimulation (1–3 h), manifested by increases in concentrations of lipidated MAP1LC3B/LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 β; LC3-II), decreases in concentrations of SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1), and fusion of the autophagosome and lysosome by pHluorin-mKate2-human LC3 assay, which were all reversed by either MLKL inhibitor or siRNA MLKL. In mice, the inhibition of MLKL increased vascular permeability and aggravated mouse ALI upon 3-hour LPS stimulation. The p-MLKL induced by short-term LPS formed multimers to facilitate the closure of the phagophore by HaloTag-LC3 autophagosome completion assay. The charged multivesicular body protein 2A (CHMP2A) is essential in the process of phagophore closure into the nascent autophagosome. In agreement with the p-MLKL change, CHMP2A concentrations markedly increased during 1–3-hour LPS stimulation. CHMP2A knockdown blocked autophagic flux upon LPS stimulation, whereas CHMP2A overexpression boosted autophagic flux and attenuated mouse ALI even in the presence of MLKL inhibitor. We propose that the activated MLKL induced by short-term LPS facilitates autophagic flux by accelerating the closure of the phagophore via CHMP2A, thus protecting PMVECs and alleviating LPS-induced ALI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Itch is an unpleasant sensation that severely impacts the patient's quality of life. Recent studies revealed that the G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) may play a crucial role in the regulation of pain and itch perception. However, the contribution of the GPER in primary sensory neurons to the regulation of itch perception remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate whether and how the GPER participates in the regulation of itch perception in the trigeminal ganglion (TG). Methods and Results: Immunofluorescence staining results showed that GPER‐positive (GPER+) neurons of the TG were activated in both acute and chronic itch. Behavioral data indicated that the chemogenetic activation of GPER+ neurons of the TG of Gper‐Cre mice abrogated scratching behaviors evoked by acute and chronic itch. Conversely, the chemogenetic inhibition of GPER+ neurons resulted in increased itch responses. Furthermore, the GPER expression and function were both upregulated in the TG of the dry skin‐induced chronic itch mouse model. Pharmacological inhibition of GPER (or Gper deficiency) markedly increased acute and chronic itch‐related scratching behaviors in mouse. Calcium imaging assays further revealed that Gper deficiency in TG neurons led to a marked increase in the calcium responses evoked by agonists of the transient receptor potential ankyrin A1 (TRPA1) and transient receptor potential vanilloid V1 (TRPV1). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that the GPER of TG neurons is involved in the regulation of acute and chronic itch perception, by modulating the function of TRPA1 and TRPV1. This study provides new insights into peripheral itch sensory signal processing mechanisms and offers new targets for future clinical antipruritic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: With the increasing demand for homoallylic silanes and allylic silanes, the highly efficient and regioselective hydrosilylations of conjugated dienes are urgently needed. Herein, we developed a Ni‐catalyzed regiodivergent hydrosilylation of aromatic conjugated dienes by adjusting the temperature and ligands. Under low temperature (–30 °C), an eternal‐ligand‐free system (Ni/t‐BuOK) can efficiently facilitate the 3,4‐anti‐Markovnikov hydrosilylation to provide homoallylic silanes via electrophilic activation process; under room temperature (25 °C), a ligand‐controlled system (Ni/t‐BuOK/PPh3) can eventuate the 3,4‐Markovnikov hydrosilylation to produce allylic silanes via Chalk‐Harrod process. Both systems are compatible with various conjugated dienes and primary silanes in excellent yields and regioselectivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: With the increasing demand for homoallylic silanes and allylic silanes, the highly efficient and regioselective hydrosilylations of conjugated dienes are urgently needed. Herein, we developed a Ni‐catalyzed regiodivergent hydrosilylation of aromatic conjugated dienes by adjusting the temperature and ligands. Under low temperature (–30 °C), an eternal‐ligand‐free system (Ni/t‐BuOK) can efficiently facilitate the 3,4‐anti‐Markovnikov hydrosilylation to provide homoallylic silanes via electrophilic activation process; under room temperature (25 °C), a ligand‐controlled system (Ni/t‐BuOK/PPh3) can eventuate the 3,4‐Markovnikov hydrosilylation to produce allylic silanes via Chalk‐Harrod process. Both systems are compatible with various conjugated dienes and primary silanes in excellent yields and regioselectivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As naturally derived macromolecular polymers, polysaccharides have garnered significant attention in recent years as promising candidates for fabricating multifunctional hydrogels, particularly for wound healing applications, owing to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural diversity. However, the inherently weak skin adhesion of natural polysaccharide hydrogels has motivated the exploration of mussel-inspired catechol-based adhesion strategies to overcome this limitation. Incorporating mussel-inspired modifications into natural polysaccharides can imbue them with unique properties such as enhanced adhesion, antioxidant activity, antibacterial properties, and chelation capabilities, considerably broadening their potential for wound hemostasis and healing applications. This review comprehensively overviews recent advances in mussel-inspired polysaccharide hydrogels, focusing on the combination of natural polysaccharides, including chitosan, alginate, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, and dextran, with mussel-inspired catechol. We delve into their fabrication strategies and highlight their promising biomedical applications, with a particular emphasis on wound hemostasis and diverse wound healing processes. Mussel-inspired modification strategies for polysaccharide hydrogels are expected to remain a focal point within the fields of wound hemostasis and healing, paving the way for more impactful research endeavors., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Drought poses a significant challenge to global crop productivity, necessitating innovative approaches to bolster plant resilience. Leveraging transgenic technology to bolster drought tolerance in crops emerges as a promising strategy for addressing the demands of a rapidly growing global populace. AtZAT10/STZ1, a C2H2-type zinc finger protein transcription factor has shown to significantly improve Arabidopsis' tolerance to various abiotic stresses. In this study, we reports that AtSTZ1 confers notable drought resistance in upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ), amplifying cotton fiber yield under varying conditions, including irrigated and water-limited environments, in field trials. Notably, AtSTZ1 -overexpressing transgenic cotton showcases enhanced drought resilience across critical growth stages, including seed germination, seedling establishment, and reproductive phases. Morphological analysis reveals an expanded root system characterized by an elongated taproot system, increased lateral roots, augmented root biomass, and enlarged cell dimensions from transgenic cotton plants. Additionally, higher contents of proline, chlorophyll, soluble sugars, and enhanced ROS-scavenging enzyme activities are observed in leaves of transgenic plants subjected to drought, underscoring improved physiological adaptations. Furthermore, transgenic lines exhibit heightened photosynthetic rate, increased water use efficiency, and larger stomatal and epidermal cell sizes, coupled with a decline in leaf stomatal conductance and density, as well as diminished transpiration rates compared to the wild type counterparts. Transcriptome profiling unveils 106 differentially expressed genes in transgenic cotton leaves post-drought treatment, including protein kinases, transcription factors, aquaporins, and heat shock proteins, indicative of an orchestrated stress response. Collectively, these findings underscore the capacity of AtSTZ1 to augment the expression of abiotic stress-related genes in cotton following drought conditions, thus presenting a compelling candidate for genetic manipulation aimed at enhancing crop resilience., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Qin, He, Yang, Zhang, Li, Zhu, Xu, Jiao, Xiang, Wang and Wu.)

Skin trauma is a matter of great concern for public health, emphasizing the importance of reconstructing the microenvironment at the trauma site to facilitate tissue regeneration. Therefore, the investigation of innovative wound dressings has significant research and clinical implications. In this study, we prepared a thermosensitive hydrogel based on a hydrophilic-hydrophobic-hydrophilic triblock polycarbonate polymer (PTP), and created a composite hydrogel, PTPH-AZP, by incorporating amorphous zinc phosphate (AZP) nanoclusters. We evaluated the effects of PTPH-AZP on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the ability to promote skin wound healing. According to the results, PTPH-AZP was found to promote the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs through the sustained release of Zn 2+ at appropriate concentrations. In vivo experiments demonstrated that in the early-mid stages of wound healing, PTPH-AZP promotes increases in Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (CD31) and α-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA) content within the wound area, facilitating accelerated re-epithelialization and enhanced collagen deposition. In later healing stages, epidermal thickness in the PTPH-AZP treated group was significantly improved, aligning with surrounding intact skin with no instances of attenuated or hypertrophic scarring observed. The findings from the in vivo study suggested that PTPH-AZP may have a positive impact on vascularization and wound healing. In conclusion, this study presents a promising strategy for skin wound healing, highlighting the potential of PTPH-AZP as an effective therapeutic approach., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Background: Previous studies have shown a protective effect of dexmedetomidine use in kidney transplantation. In contrast, it is not known whether intraoperative administration of dexmedetomidine can reduce early allograft dysfunction (EAD) incidence following liver transplantation., Objective: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine use during surgery on EAD following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT)., Study Design: This is a single-center, double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Three hundred thirty adult patients undergoing OLT were enrolled from 14th January 2019 to 22nd May 2022. Patients received dexmedetomidine or normal saline during surgery. One year follow-ups were recorded., Methods: Patients were randomized to two groups receiving either dexmedetomidine or normal saline intraoperatively. For patients in the dexmedetomidine group, a loading dose (1 μg/kg over 10 min) of dexmedetomidine was given after induction of anesthesia followed by a continuous infusion (0.5 μg/kg /h) until the end of surgery. For patients in the normal saline group, an equal volume loading dose of 0.9% saline was given after the induction of anesthesia followed by an equal volume continuous infusion until the end of surgery. The primary outcome was EAD. Secondary outcomes included primary graft nonfunction, acute kidney injury, and acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome., Results: Of 330 patients included in the intention-to-treat analysis, 165 were in the dexmedetomidine group [mean (SD) age, 49 (10) years; 117 (70.9%) men], and 165 were in the normal saline group [mean SD age, 49 (9) years; 118 (74%) men]. 39 (24.4%) patients in the dexmedetomidine group and 31 (19.4%) in normal saline group developed EAD and the difference was statistically insignificant ( P =0.28). Secondary outcomes including primary graft nonfunction and acute kidney injury was similar between the two groups., Conclusion: Intraoperative administration of dexmedetomidine did not reduce EAD rate after OLT., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Objective: To explore whether resveratrol can postpone the fibrosis associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) by modulating the mitochondrial autophagy response through the AMPK/SIRT1-mediated IRE1α/PINK signaling pathway., Methods: A DCM mouse model was established using a high-sugar high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Resveratrol was administered to a subset of the DCM mouse models for comparison. Echocardiography, Masson staining, TNUEL assay, and transmission electron microscopy were employed to evaluate the cardiac status, myocardial fibrosis, myocardial cell apoptosis, and morphological changes of myocardial cells and their internal mitochondria in each group of mice. Western blot staining was performed on myocardial tissues to assess the protein expression levels of p-AMPK, SIRT1, SIRT3, p22, GP91, p-IRE1α, XBP1s PINK, Parkin, LC3I, and Beclin. Mouse myocardial cells were cultured in vitro and intervened with a high-sugar high-fat diet, resveratrol, and GSK690693 (an AMPK inhibitor) to observe the protein expression levels of p-AMPK, p22, XBP1s, and PINK in mouse myocardial cells in each group., Results: Results from echocardiography, Masson staining, TNUEL assay, and transmission electron microscopy showed that resveratrol administration alleviated cardiac damage, myocardial fibrosis, myocardial cell apoptosis, and mitochondrial autophagy in DCM mice. Resveratrol administration promoted the expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) in the myocardial tissue of mice, while lowering the elevated protein expression levels of p22 subunit (p22), guanine nucleotide-binding protein q polypeptide 1 (GP91), phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (p-IRE1α), X-box binding protein 1 spliced form (XBP1s), PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK), Parkin, microtubule-associated proteins light chain 3 isoform I (LC3I), and Beclin (Bcl-2 interacting protein) caused by DCM. GSK690693 (an AMPK inhibitor) suppressed the expression of p-AMPK, SIRT1, and SIRT3 and enhanced the protein expression of p22, XBP1s, and PINK., Conclusion: Resveratrol postpones dilated cardiomyopathy fibrosis by regulating the mitochondrial autophagy response through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1)-mediated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α)/PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK) signaling pathway.

Ureteral stenting is a common clinical procedure for the treatment of upper urinary tract disorders, including conditions such as urinary tract infections, tumors, stones, and inflammation. Maintaining normal renal function by preventing and treating ureteral obstruction is the primary goal of this procedure. However, the use of ureteral stents is associated with adverse effects, including surface crusting, bacterial adhesion, and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after implantation. Recognizing the need to reduce the complications associated with permanent ureteral stent placement, there is a growing interest among both physicians and patients in the use of biodegradable ureteral stents (BUS). The evolution of stent materials and the exploration of different stent coatings have given these devices different roles tailored to different clinical needs, including anticolithic, antibacterial, antitumor, antinociceptive, and others. This review examines recent advances in BUS within the last 5 years, providing an in-depth analysis of their characteristics and performance. In addition, we present prospective insights into the future applications of BUS in clinical settings., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Hu, Hou, Huang, Li, Li and Yang.)