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Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a prevalent primary malignant tumor, is notorious for its high mortality rate. Despite advancements in HCC treatment, patient outcomes remain suboptimal. This study endeavors to assess the potential prognostic significance of POLH-AS1 in HCC. Methods In this research, we gathered RNA-Seq information from individuals with HCC in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We analyzed the levels of POLH-AS1 expression in both HCC cells and tissues using statistical tests. Additionally, we examined various prognostic factors in HCC using advanced methodologies. Furthermore, we employed Spearman’s rank correlation analysis to examine the association between POLH-AS1 expression and the tumor’s immune microenvironment. Finally, the functional roles of POLH-AS1 in HCC were validated in two HCC cell lines (HEP3B and HEPG2). Results Our analysis revealed elevated POLH-AS1 expression across various cancers, including HCC, with heightened expression correlating with HCC progression. Notably, POLH-AS1 expression emerged as a potential biomarker for HCC patient survival and prognosis. Mechanistically, we identified the involvement of POLH-AS1 in tumorigenesis pathways such as herpes simplex virus 1 infection, interactions with neuroactive receptors, and the cAMP signaling pathway. Lastly, inhibition of POLH-AS1 was discovered to hinder the proliferation, invasion and migration of HEP3B and HEPG2 HCC cells. Conclusions POLH-AS1 emerges as a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC, offering potential avenues for enhanced patient management and treatment strategies.

Abstract Thermochromic hydrogels exhibit a smart capacity for regulating solar spectrum transmission, enabling automatically change their transmissivity in response to the ambient temperature change. This has great importance for energy conservation purposes. Military and civilian emergency thermochromic applications require rapid visible-light stealth (VLS); however, concurrent smart solar transmission and rapid VLS is yet to be realized. Inspired by squid-skin, we propose a micropatterned thermochromic hydrogel (MTH) to realize the concurrent control of smart solar transmittance and rapid VLS at all-working temperatures. The MTH possesses two optical regulation mechanisms: optical property regulation and optical scattering, controlled by temperature and pressure, respectively. The introduced surface micropattern strategy can arbitrarily switch between normal and diffuse transmission, and the VLS response time is within 1 s compared with previous ~180 s. The MTH also has a high solar-transmission regulation range of 61%. Further, the MTH preparation method is scalable and cost-effective. This novel regulation mechanism opens a new pathway towards applications with multifunctional optical requirements.

Objective To investigate the safety of regular plasma donors aged 55 to 60, so as to provide reference for retention and recruitment of elderly plasma donors in China. Methods Plasma donors from 9 blood products manufacturing enterprises from 2018 to 2020 and the local general population were selected as the research objects. The total protein level, albumin and globulin ratio(ALB/GLB, A/G) and adverse reactions of plasma donation of regular plasma donors and local general population were retrospectively analyzed. Results The total protein level (g/L) and A/G of plasma donors aged 56 to 60 and the general population were 61.21±5.62 vs 60.04±6.93 and 1.610±0.299 vs 1.635±0.330, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant. The total protein level of regular plasma donors was higher than that of general population, but A/G was slightly lower than that of general population. From 2018 to 2020, there were a total of 23 056 302 plasma donations in 108 plasma stations, and adverse reactions occurred in 20 932 donations, with a total incidence of 0.09%, with no serious adverse reactions. Conclusion It is safe for regular plasma donors aged 55 to 60 to donate plasma, and the retention of them can alleviate the pressure of plasma supply.

Abstract Background Lamb-Shaffer syndrome (LAMSHF, OMIM: 616803) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, poor expressive speech, which is attributed to haploinsufficiency by heterozygous variants of SOX5 gene (SRY-Box Transcription Factor 5, HGNC: 11201) on chromosome 12p12. A total of 113 cases have been reported in the world, however, only 3 cases have been reported.in China. Here, we aimed to report novel variants of SOX5 gene and provide examples for clinical diagnosis by reporting the clinical phenotype of a series of Chinese patients with LAMSHF. Methods This study retrospectively collected the information of families of LAMSHF patients in China. Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) were performed to confirm the diagnosis of 4 children with unexplained developmental delay or epilepsy. A minigene splicing assay was used to verify whether the splice variant affected splicing. Meanwhile, a literature review was conducted to analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with LAMSHF. Results Three of the LAMSHF patients had a de novo heterozygous mutation in the SOX5 gene respectively, c.290delC (p.Pro97fs*30), chr12:23686019_24048958del, c.1772-1C > A, and the remaining one had a mutation inherited from his father, c.1411C > T (p.Arg471*). The main clinical manifestations of these children were presented with global developmental delays, and one of them also had seizures. And the results of the minigene experiment indicated that the splice variant, c.1772-1C > A, transcribed a novel mRNA product which leaded to the formation of a truncated protein. Conclusions Through a comprehensive review and analysis of existing literature and this study showed intellectual disability, speech delay and facial dysmorphisms were common clinical manifestation, while the seizures and EEG abnormalities were rare (21/95, 22.16%). Notably, we represent the largest sample size of LAMSHF in Asia that encompasses previously unreported SOX5 gene mutation, and a minigene testing have been conducted to validate the pathogenicity of the c.1772-1C > A splice variant. The research further expands the phenotype and genotype of LAMSHF while offers novel insights for potential pathogenicity of genes locus.

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown that surgical technique errors especially the wrong bone tunnel position are the primary reason for the failure of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. In this study, we aimed to compare the femoral tunnel position and impact on knee function during the ACL reconstruction using measuring combined with fluoroscopy method and bony marker method for femoral tunnel localization. Methods A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing ACL reconstruction using the bony marker method or measuring combined with fluoroscopy for femoral tunnel localization was conducted between January 2015 and January 2020. A second arthroscopic exploration was performed more than 1 year after surgery. Data regarding patient demographics, the femoral tunnel position, results of the Lysholm score, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, KT-1000 side-to-side difference, pivot shift grade, and Lachman grade of the knee were collected. Results A total of 119 patients were included in the final cohort. Of these, 42 cases were in the traditional method group, and 77 cases were in the measuring method group. The good tunnel position rate was 26.2% in the traditional method group and 81.8% in the measuring method group (p

Abstract Modern intensive cropping systems often contribute to the accumulation of phenolic acids in the soil, which promotes the development of soilborne diseases. This can be suppressed by intercropping. This study analyzed the effects of intercropping on Fusarium wilt based on its effect on photosynthesis under stress by the combination of Fusarium commune and cinnamic acid. The control was not inoculated with F. commune, while the faba bean plants (Vicia faba L.) were inoculated with this pathogen in the other treatments. The infected plants were also treated with cinnamic acid. This study examined the development of Fusarium wilt together with its effects on the leaves, absorption of nutrients, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, contents of photosynthetic pigments, activities of photosynthetic enzymes, gas exchange parameters, and the photosynthetic assimilates of faba bean from monocropping and intercropping systems. Under monocropping conditions, the leaves of the plants inoculated with F. commune grew significantly less, and there was enhanced occurrence of the Fusarium wilt compared with the control. Compared with the plants solely inoculated with F. commune, the exogenous addition of cinnamic acid to the infected plants significantly further reduced the growth of faba bean leaves and increased the occurrence of Fusarium wilt. A comparison of the combination of F. commune and cinnamic acid in intercropped wheat and faba bean compared with monocropping showed that intercropping improved the absorption of nutrients, increased photosynthetic pigments and its contents, electron transport, photosynthetic enzymes, and photosynthetic assimilates. The combination of these factors reduced the occurrence of Fusarium wilt in faba bean and increased the growth of its leaves. These results showed that intercropping improved the photosynthesis, which promoted the growth of faba bean, thus, reducing the development of Fusarium wilt following the stress of infection by F. commune and cinnamic acid. This research should provide more information to enhance sustainable agriculture.

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has demonstrated promising efficacy in early trials for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, its efficacy in treating primary refractory DLBCL has not been comprehensively investigated, and the underlying resistance mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report the outcomes of a phase I, open-label, single-arm clinical trial of relmacabtagene autoleucel (relma-cel), a CD19-targeted CAR-T cell product, with safety and efficacy as primary endpoints. Among the 12 enrolled patients, 8 experienced grade 4 hematologic toxicity of treatment-emergent adverse event. No grade ≥3 cytokine release syndrome or neurotoxicity occurred. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed an increase proportion of C1QB-expressing macrophages in patients with progressive disease before CAR-T cell therapy. Cholesterol efflux from M2 macrophages was found to inhibit CAR-T cells cytotoxicity by inducing an immunosuppressive state in CD8+ T cells, leading to their exhaustion. Possible interactions between macrophages and CD8+ T cells, mediating lipid metabolism (AFR1-FAS), immune checkpoint activation, and T cell exhaustion (LGALS9-HAVCR2, CD86-CTLA4, and NECTIN2-TIGIT) were enhanced during disease progression. These findings suggest that cholesterol efflux from macrophages may trigger CD8+ T cell exhaustion, providing a rationale for metabolic reprogramming to counteract CAR-T treatment failure. Chinadrugtrials.org.cn identifier: CTR20200376.

Abstract The precise, simultaneous, and rapid detection of essential biomarkers in human tears is imperative for monitoring both ocular and systemic health. The utilization of a wearable colorimetric biochemical sensor exhibits potential in achieving swift and concurrent detection of pivotal biomarkers in tears. Nevertheless, challenges arise in the collection, interpretation, and sharing of data from the colorimetric sensor, thereby restricting the practical implementation of this technology. To overcome these challenges, this research introduces an artificial intelligence-assisted wearable microfluidic colorimetric sensor system (AI-WMCS) for rapid, non-invasive, and simultaneous detection of key biomarkers in human tears, including vitamin C, H+(pH), Ca2+, and proteins. The sensor consists of a flexible microfluidic epidermal patch that collects tears and facilitates the colorimetric reaction, and a deep-learning neural network-based cloud server data analysis system (CSDAS) embedded in a smartphone enabling color data acquisition, interpretation, auto-correction, and display. To enhance accuracy, a well-trained multichannel convolutional recurrent neural network (CNN-GRU) corrects errors in the interpreted concentration data caused by varying pH and color temperature in different measurements. The test set determination coefficients (R2) of 1D-CNN-GRU for predicting pH and 3D-CNN-GRU for predicting the other three biomarkers were as high as 0.998 and 0.994, respectively. This correction significantly improves the accuracy of the predicted concentration, enabling accurate, simultaneous, and quick detection of four critical tear biomarkers using only minute amounts of tears ( ~ 20 μL). This research demonstrates the powerful integration of a flexible microfluidic colorimetric biosensor and deep-learning algorithm, which holds immense potential to revolutionize the fields of health monitoring.

Abstract Objective This study aims to comprehensively analyze the clinical characteristics and identify the differentially expressed genes associated with drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) in patients with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). Methods A retrospective investigation was conducted from July 2019 to June 2022, involving 40 pediatric cases of DRE linked to FCD. Subsequent follow‐ups were done to assess post‐surgical outcomes. Transcriptomic sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) were used to examine differential gene expression between the FCD and control groups. Results Among the 40 patients included in the study, focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (13/40, 32.50%) and epileptic spasms (9/40, 22.50%) were the predominant seizure types. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed frequent involvement of the frontal (22/40, 55%) and temporal lobes (12/40, 30%). In cases with negative MRI results (13/13, 100%), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET‐CT) scans revealed hypometabolic lesions. Fused MRI/PET‐CT images demonstrated lesion reduction in 40.74% (11/27) of cases compared with PET‐CT alone, while 59.26% (16/27) yielded results consistent with PET‐CT findings. FCD type II was identified in 26 cases, and FCD type I in 13 cases. At the last follow‐up, 38 patients were prescribed an average of 1.27 ± 1.05 anti‐seizure medications (ASMs), with two patients discontinuing treatment. After a postoperative follow‐up period of 23.50 months, 75% (30/40) of patients achieved Engel class I outcome. Transcriptomic sequencing and qRT‐PCR analysis identified several genes primarily associated with cilia, including CFAP47, CFAP126, JHY, RSPH4A, and SPAG1. Significance This study highlights focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures as the most common seizure type in patients with DRE due to FCD. Surgical intervention primarily targeted lesions in the frontal and temporal lobes. Patients with FCD‐related DRE showed a promising prognosis for seizure control post‐surgery. The identified genes, including CFAP47, CFAP126, JHY, RSPH4A, and SPAG1, could serve as potential biomarkers for FCD. Plain Language Summary This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the clinical data of individuals affected by focal cortical dysplasia and analyze transcriptomic data from brain tissues. We found that focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures were the most prevalent seizure type in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy. In cases treated surgically, the frontal and temporal lobes were the primary sites of the lesions. Moreover, patients with focal cortical dysplasia‐induced drug‐resistant epilepsy exhibited a favorable prognosis for seizure control after surgery. CFAP47, CFAP126, JHY, RSPH4A, and SPAG1 have emerged as potential pathogenic genes for the development of focal cortical dysplasia.

Abstract Background Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is the primary cause of sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, the strategy for VT treatment in HCM patients remains unclear. This study is aimed to compare the effectiveness of catheter ablation versus antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) therapy for sustained VT in patients with HCM. Methods A total of 28 HCM patients with sustained VT at 4 different centers between December 2012 and December 2021 were enrolled. Twelve underwent catheter ablation (ablation group) and sixteen received AAD therapy (AAD group). The primary outcome was VT recurrence during follow-up. Results Baseline characteristics were comparable between two groups. After a mean follow-up of 31.4 ± 17.5 months, the primary outcome occurred in 35.7% of the ablation group and 90.6% of the AAD group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.29 [95%CI, 0.10–0.89]; P = 0.021). No differences in hospital admission due to cardiovascular cause (25.0% vs. 71.0%; P = 0.138) and cardiovascular cause-related mortality/heart transplantation (9.1% vs. 50.6%; P = 0.551) were observed. However, there was a significant reduction in the composite endpoint of VT recurrence, hospital admission due to cardiovascular cause, cardiovascular cause-related mortality, or heart transplantation in ablation group as compared to that of AAD group (42.9% vs. 93.7%; HR, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.12–0.95]; P = 0.029). Conclusions In HCM patients with sustained VT, catheter ablation reduced the VT recurrence, and the composite endpoint of VT recurrence, hospital admission due to cardiovascular cause, cardiovascular cause-related mortality, or heart transplantation as compared to AAD.

In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the Papilio macilentus (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea: Papilionidae) was sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The mitochondrial genome is a circular DNA molecule of 15,264 bp in size with 80.7% AT content, including 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes), and a long non-coding region (Control region). All protein-coding genes are initiated by ATN codons, and terminated with TAA, TAG, or single T. All tRNAs can be folded into common clover leaf secondary structure, except trn-S1. Phylogenetic analyses based on 13 protein-coding genes and 2 rRNA genes using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference confirmed that P. macilentus and Papilio memnon are clustered into a clade, and revealed the relationships between Papilionini, Troidini, Teinopaippini and Leptocircini.

Abstract Background Leptospirosis, an important zoonotic bacterial disease, commonly affects resource-poor populations and results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The value of antibiotics in leptospirosis remains unclear, as evidenced by the conflicting opinions published. Methods We conducted a search in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for studies. These studies included clinical trials and retrospective studies that evaluated the efficacy or safety of antibiotics for leptospirosis treatment. The primary outcomes assessed were defervescence time, mortality rate, and hospital stays. Subgroup analyses were performed based on whether there were cases involving children and whether there were cases of severe jaundice. Safety was defined as the prevalence of adverse events associated with the use of antibiotics. p scores were utilized to rank the efficacy of the antibiotics. Results There are included 9 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 1 control trial (CT), and 3 retrospective studies (RS) involving 920 patients and 8 antibiotics. Six antibiotics resulted in significantly shorter defervescence times compared to the control, namely cefotaxime (MD, − 1.88; 95% CI = − 2.60 to − 1.15), azithromycin (MD, − 1.74; 95% CI = − 2.52 to − 0.95), doxycycline (MD, − 1.53; 95% CI = − 2.05 to − 1.00), ceftriaxone (MD, − 1.22; 95% CI = − 1.89 to − 0.55), penicillin (MD, − 1.22; 95% CI = − 1.80 to − 0.64), and penicillin or ampicillin (MD, − 0.08; 95% CI = − 1.01 to − 0.59). The antibiotics were not effective in reducing the mortality and hospital stays. Common adverse reactions to antibiotics included Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction, rash, headache, and digestive reactions (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and others). Conclusions Findings recommend that leptospirosis patients be treated with antibiotics, which significantly reduced the leptospirosis defervescence time. Cephalosporins, doxycycline, and penicillin are suggested, and azithromycin may be a suitable alternative for drug-resistant cases. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42022354938.

Background: CD276 is a promising immune checkpoint molecule with significant therapeutic potential. Several clinical trials are currently investigating CD276-targeted therapies. Purpose: This study aims to assess the prognostic significance of CD276 expression levels and to predict its expression using a radiomic approach in breast cancer (BC). Methods: A cohort of 840 patients diagnosed with BC from The Cancer Genome Atlas was included in this study. The Cancer Imaging Archive provided 98 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, which were randomly allocated to training and validation datasets in a 7:3 ratio. The association between CD276 expression and patient survival was assessed using Cox regression analysis. Feature selection was performed using the maximum relevance minimum redundancy algorithm and recursive feature elimination. Subsequently, support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression (LR) models were constructed to predict CD276 expression. Results: The expression of CD276 was found to be elevated in BC. It was an independent risk factor for overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.579, 95 % CI: 1.054–2.366). There were eight radiomic features selected in total. In both the training and validation subsets, the SVM and LR models demonstrated favorable predictive abilities with AUC values of 0.744 and 0.740 for the SVM model and 0.742 and 0.735 for the LR model. These results indicate that the radiomic models efficiently differentiate the CD276 expression status. Conclusions: CD276 expression levels can have an impact on cancer prognosis. The MRI-based radiomic signature described in this study can discriminate the CD276 expression status.

Background: Neurodevelopmental disorder with spasticity, cataracts, and cerebellar hypoplasia (NEDSCAC), induced by MED27 gene, is an autosomal recessive rare disorder characterized by widespread developmental delay with varying degrees of intellectual impairment. Other symptoms include limb spasticity, cataracts, and cerebellar hypoplasia. So far there have been limited reports on NEDSCAC. Methods: In this study, we conducted genetic testing on a child presenting with developmental delay as the primary clinical feature. The genetic test results indicated the presence of novel homozygous missense variants c.74G > A, p.(Arg25His) in the MED27 gene. In vitro functional validation experiments, including plasmid construction and cell transfection, Western blotting, and molecular dynamics structural modeling, were performed on the MED27 Arg25His variant. Results: The results demonstrated a significant reduction in protein expression of MED27 Arg25His and indicated may weaken the interaction force between the MED27 subunit and MED14 subunit. Conclusions: This study expands our understanding of MED27 gene variants and their associated clinical phenotypes. Additionally, it contributes to the investigation of the potential pathogenesis of NEDSCAC caused by MED27 gene variants.

BackgroundStress hyperglycemia is now more common in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and is strongly associated with poor prognosis. Whether this association exists in critically ill patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) is unknown. This study investigated the prognostic relationship of stress hyperglycemia on critically ill patients with CS.MethodsWe included 393 critically ill patients with CS from the MIMIC IV database in this study and categorized the patients into four groups based on quartiles of Stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR). We assessed the correlation between SHR and mortality using restricted cubic spline analysis and Cox proportional hazards models. The primary outcomes observed were ICU mortality and hospitalization mortality.ResultsThe mean age of the entire study population was 68 years, of which 30% were male (118 cases). There was no significant difference between the four groups in terms of age, gender, BMI, and vital signs (P>0.05). There was an increasing trend in the levels of lactate (lac), white blood cell count (WBC), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST), glucose and Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) from group Q1 to group Q2, with the greatest change in patients in group Q4 (P

GPCR-G protein signaling from endosomes plays a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes. However, the mechanism by which endosomal G protein signaling is terminated remains largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms involved in terminating the signaling of Gα subunits from endosomes. Through structural analysis and cell-based assays, we have discovered that SNX25, a protein that targets endosomes via its PXA or PXC domain, interacts with regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins (including RGS2, RGS4, RGS8, and RGS17) in a redox-regulated manner. The interaction between SNX25 and these RGS proteins enhances their GTPase-accelerating activity towards Gαi/q and their ability to bind GDP-bound (inactive form) Gαi/q. As a result, SNX25 recruits these RGS proteins to endosomes, leading to the termination of endosomal Gαi/q signaling. Furthermore, we have found that the SNX25/RGS complex also exerts a negative regulatory effect on Gαi/q signaling from the plasma membrane. This is achieved by recruiting Gαi/q to endosomes and preventing its activation on the plasma membrane. Our findings shed light on the previously unknown role of redox-modulated SNX25 in inhibiting Gαi/q signaling, thereby uncovering a novel mechanism for terminating Gαi/q signaling from endosomes. Importantly, this study expands our understanding of the regulation of GPCR-Gαi/q signaling beyond the plasma membrane.

Objective: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone sarcoma with a high propensity for local invasion and metastasis. Although the antitumor effect of apatinib has been well confirmed in advanced OS, the synergistic effect of apatinib and immunotherapies has not yet been elucidated. Methods: In this study, we established tumour-bearing mice and observed tumour size with low and high doses of apatinib treatments. The expression of 17 cytokines, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), was detected by protein microarray analysis. Moreover, we designed apatinib and antigen-specific dendritic cell (DC)-T combination treatment for tumour-bearing mice. Tumour growth was detected by statistical analysis of tumour size and microvessel density (MVD) counting, the protein expression of VEGF by western blotting, the cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-17 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumour-infiltration macrophages (TAMs) by flow cytometry. Results: The results showed that apatinib efficiently suppressed tumour growth, and high-dose apatinib achieved a stronger effect. The same was true for DC-T immunotherapy. However, their combination treatment revealed a better oncolytic effect. Meanwhile, apatinib or DC-T treatment inhibited the expression of VEGF and the proangiogenic mediators IL-6 and IL-17 but increased IFN-γ production. Combination therapy further reduced/increased these effects. In addition, the combination treatment reduced MDSC but enhanced TAM-M1 ratios in the OS microenvironment. These findings indicated that apatinib and antigen-specific DC-T combination therapy was more efficient in oncolysis by regulating pro-/anti-angiogenic inducers and improving the immune state in the OS microenvironment. Conclusion: This study proved that it was feasible to employ immunotherapy with therapeutic agents in OS treatment, which may provide a new approach in addition to the combination of surgery with chemotherapy in tumour treatment.

Accurate localization of objects of interest in remote sensing images (RSIs) is of great significance for object identification, resource management, decision-making and disaster relief response. However, many difficulties, like complex backgrounds, dense target quantities, large-scale variations, and small-scale objects, which make the detection accuracy unsatisfactory. To improve the detection accuracy, we propose an Adaptive Adjacent Context Negotiation Network (A2CN-Net). Firstly, the composite fast Fourier convolution (CFFC) module is given to reduce the information loss of small objects, which is inserted into the backbone network to obtain spectral global context information. Then, the Global Context Information Enhancement (GCIE) module is given to capture and aggregate global spatial features, which is beneficial for locating objects of different scales. Furthermore, to alleviate the aliasing effect caused by the fusion of adjacent feature layers, a novel Adaptive Adjacent Context Negotiation network (A2CN) is given to adaptive integration of multi-level features, which consists of local and adjacent branches, with the local branch adaptively highlighting feature information and the adjacent branch introducing global information at the adjacent level to enhance feature representation. In the meantime, considering the variability in the focus of feature layers in different dimensions, learnable weights are applied to the local and adjacent branches for adaptive feature fusion. Finally, extensive experiments are performed in several available public datasets, including DIOR and DOTA-v1.0. Experimental studies show that A2CN-Net can significantly boost detection performance, with mAP increasing to 74.2% and 79.2%, respectively.

Introduction Ixodes ticks are pivotal in transmitting diseases like Lyme disease and human granulocytic anaplasmosis, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, respectively. These pathogens not only affect humans through single or multiple tick bites but also pose risks to animal hosts, leading to potential coinfections. Despite regional studies indicating significant prevalence, their global coinfection data remain sparse. This study aims to bridge this gap through a systematic review and meta-analysis of B. burgdorferi and A. phagocytophilum coinfections in Ixodes ticks worldwide. Addressing data limitations and study variability, it seeks to provide a nuanced understanding of coinfection patterns, their epidemiological implications and inform targeted prevention strategies.Methods and analysis Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols 2015 guidelines and PROSPERO registration, this study will undertake a thorough database search without constraints on language or publication date, using standardised screening and data extraction protocols. The quality and bias of studies will be evaluated using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. In the statistical analysis phase, conducted in R, we will initially determine the use of fixed or random-effects models based on the assessment of data heterogeneity. This choice will guide the framework for subsequent analyses. Within the selected model’s framework, we will perform subgroup analyses and meta-regression to investigate the effects of various factors, ensuring that each step is tailored to the initial model selection to maintain analytical consistency.Ethics and dissemination As this study does not involve clinical research or data collection from subjects, ethical approval is not required. We will uphold ethical standards in synthesising and reporting data. Study outcomes will be published in peer-reviewed journals, communicating findings to the scientific community and contributing to the understanding of Ixodes tickborne diseases.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023449735.

Abstract Objective Defects in RARS2 cause cerebellopontine hypoplasia type 6 (pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 6, PCH6, OMIM: #611523), a rare autosomal recessive inherited mitochondrial disease. Here, we report two male patients and their respective family histories. Methods We describe the clinical presentation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of these patients. Whole‐exome sequencing was used to identify the genetic mutations. Results One patient showed hypoglycemia, high lactic acid levels (fluctuating from 6.7 to 14.1 mmol/L), and frequent seizures after birth, with progressive atrophy of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and pons. The other patient presented with early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (EIDEEs) with an initial developmental delay followed by infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS) at 5 months old, with no imaging changes. Whole‐exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous RARS2 variants c.25A>G (p.I9V) with c.1261C>T (p.Q421*) and c.1A>G (p.M1V) with c.122A>G (p.D41G) in these two patients. Of these loci, c.1261C>T and c.122A>G have not been previously reported. Significance Our findings have expanded the RARS2 gene variant spectrum and present EIDEEs and IESS as phenotypes which deepened the association between PCH6 and RARS2. Plain Language Summary Defects in RARS2 cause cerebellopontine hypoplasia type 6, a rare autosomal recessive inherited mitochondrial disease. Two patients with RARS2 variants were reported in this article. One patient showed hypoglycemia, high lactic acid levels, and frequent seizures after birth, with progressive atrophy of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and Page 3 of 21 Epilepsia OpenFor Review Only pons. The other patient presented with an initial developmental delay followed by refractory epilepsy at 5 months old, with no imaging changes. Our findings deepened the association between PCH6 and RARS2.

Compared to the standard variational inequalities, inverse variational inequalities are more suitable for pricing American options with indefinite payoff. This paper investigated the initial-boundary value problem of inverse variational inequalities constituted by a class of non-divergence type parabolic operators. We established the existence and Hölder continuity of weak solutions. Since the comparison principle in the case of standard variational inequalities is no longer applicable, we constructed an integral inequality using differential inequalities to determine the global upper bound of the solution. By combining it with the continuous method, we obtained the existence of weak solutions. Additionally, by employing truncation factors, we obtained the lower bound of weak solutions in the cylindrical subdomain, thereby obtaining the Hölder continuity.

Abstract Liver metastasis is the major reason for most of colorectal cancer (CRC) related deaths. Accumulating evidence indicates that CRC patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are at a greater risk of developing liver metastasis. With the growing prevalence of NAFLD, a better understanding of the molecular mechanism in NAFLD-driven CRC liver metastasis is needed. In this study, we demonstrated that NAFLD facilitated CRC liver metastasis as a metabolic disorder and promoted the stemness of metastatic CRC cells for their colonization and outgrowth in hepatic niches. Metabolically, the lipid-rich microenvironment in NAFLD activated de novo palmitate biosynthesis in metastatic CRC cells via upregulating fatty acid synthase (FASN). Moreover, increased intracellular palmitate bioavailability promoted EGFR palmitoylation to enhance its protein stability and plasma membrane localization. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the FDA-approved FASN inhibitor orlistat could reduce NAFLD-activated endogenous palmitate production, thus inhibiting palmitoylation of EGFR to suppress CRC cell stemness and restrict liver metastasis in synergy with conventional chemotherapy. These findings reveal that the NAFLD metabolic microenvironment boosts endogenous palmitate biosynthesis in metastatic CRC cells and promotes cell stemness via EGFR palmitoylation, and FASN inhibitor orlistat could be a candidate adjuvant drug to suppress liver metastasis in CRC patients with NAFLD.

Abstract Background Plant growth-regulating factors (GRFs) and GRF-interacting factors (GIFs) interact with each other and collectively have important regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the systematic evolution of GRF and GIF gene families. However, our knowledge and understanding of the role of GRF and GIF genes during plant evolution has been fragmentary. Results In this study, a large number of genomic and transcriptomic datasets of algae, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms were used to systematically analyze the evolution of GRF and GIF genes during the evolution of plants. The results showed that GRF gene first appeared in the charophyte Klebsormidium nitens, whereas the GIF genes originated relatively early, and these two gene families were mainly expanded by segmental duplication events after plant terrestrialization. During the process of evolution, the protein sequences and functions of GRF and GIF family genes are relatively conservative. As cooperative partner, GRF and GIF genes contain the similar types of cis-acting elements in their promoter regions, which enables them to have similar transcriptional response patterns, and both show higher levels of expression in reproductive organs and tissues and organs with strong capacity for cell division. Based on protein–protein interaction analysis and verification, we found that the GRF–GIF protein partnership began to be established in pteridophytes and is highly conserved across different terrestrial plants. Conclusions These results provide a foundation for further exploration of the molecular evolution and biological functions of GRF and GIF genes.

Background Variants of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) gene in humans are associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder—Hao-Fountain syndrome, its core symptoms including developmental delay, intellectual disability, and speech delay. Other variable symptoms can affect multiple systems. In present study, we report two patients with core features from two unrelated consanguineous families originating from the Tianjin Children's Hospital.

Abstract Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the important treatment modalities for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the maximum radiation dose that NSCLC patient can receive varies little. Therefore, the exploitation of novel RT sensitization approaches is a critical need for the clinical treatment. RT resistance in NSCLC is linked to tumor microenvironment (TME) hypoxia, cell cycle arrest and associated genetic alterations. Here, we designed a novel method for targeted delivery of quercetin (QT) and CeO2 to enhance RT sensitivity. We loaded QT into CeO2@ZIF-8-HA nanoparticles to prevent its degradation in the circulatory system and successfully delivered QT and CeO2 targeted to NSCLC tumors. Under the protection and targeted delivery of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8), the nanocomplexes exhibited excellent catalytic mimetic activity in decomposing H2O2 into O2, thus significantly reversing the hypoxia of TME, while the radiosensitizer QT caused DNA damage directly after RT. In a subcutaneous tumor model, CeO2@ZIF-8-HA overcame radiation resistance and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. This multiple sensitization strategy combining delivery of QT and CeO2@ZIF-8-HA nanozymes opens a promising approach for RT of NSCLC.

This study examines the effectiveness of animated movies (AM) in increasing students’ vocabulary and determines what students think about English language learning in Pakistan. Particularly in the education field, vocabulary is an essential factor for foreign language learning in academic achievements. This research aimed to determine whether using animated images/movies aid students in learning new vocabulary by helping them to make connections between the words they know and real-world occurrences. The research used pre-tests and post-tests to examine the impact of AM on vocabulary acquisition. Total participants ( N = 64) were 12th-grade students in Lahore, Pakistan, separated into controlled and experimental groups to make a judgment. In the second semester of college, half the students ( N = 32) utilized AM to acquire English vocabulary, while the control group employed the conventional technique. The results were evaluated using a t -test for an independent sample to detect significant differences between the groups. The vocabulary exam was constructed and verified as a pre and post-test. The findings revealed a statistically significant difference in receptive vocabulary, productive vocabulary, and overall score in favor of the experimental group owing to the use of (AM). It added to the growing body of information by investigating how animated videos might support EFL education.

The composition of volatile compounds in beer is crucial to the quality of beer. Herein, we identified 23 volatile compounds, namely, 12 esters, 4 alcohols, 5 acids, and 2 phenols, in nine different beer types using GC–MS. By performing PCA of the data of the flavor compounds, the different beer types were well discriminated. Ethyl caproate, ethyl caprylate, and phenylethyl alcohol were identified as the crucial volatile compounds to discriminate different beers. PLS regression analysis was performed to model and predict the contents of six crucial volatile compounds in the beer samples based on the characteristic wavelength of the FTIR spectrum. The R2 value of each sample in the prediction model was 0.9398–0.9994, and RMSEP was 0.0122–0.7011. The method proposed in this paper has been applied to determine flavor compounds in beer samples with good consistency compared with GC–MS.

Abstract Continuous cultivation of faba beans often results in a high occurrence of Fusarium wilt. Nevertheless, this issue can be successfully managed through wheat‐faba bean intercropping. Our objective is to elucidate the function of non‐host wheat in combating faba bean Fusarium wilt. We assessed the impact of wheat on the development of faba bean Fusarium wilt through field and pot experiments, and examined and identified the compounds in the root exudates of wheat. The influence of wheat root exudates on Fusarium commun mycelial growth and spore multiplication was investigated through indoor culture experiments. Wheat‐faba bean intercropping significantly reduced the occurrence of Fusarium wilt in field trials. Root separation experiments in pots indicated that wheat root exudates might play a vital role in this outcome. The exogenous addition of wheat root exudates to faba bean grown alone notably decreased the occurrence and severity of Fusarium wilt. Furthermore, the exogenous addition of wheat root exudates effectively hindered the growth and reproduction of Fusarium commun's mycelium. And, wheat root exudates contained six compounds with relatively high concentrations, including salicylic acid, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, glutamic acid, and threonine, all of which inhibited the growth and spore formation of Fusarium commun. In a wheat‐faba bean intercropping system, these six compounds found in the root exudate of non‐host wheat can help control Fusarium wilt in faba bean by inhibiting the mycelial growth and sporulation of Fusarium commun.

BackgroundInflammation has been reported to be related to anemia. As a novel inflammatory marker, Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) has not been studied with Anemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between SII and anemia.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted using data from the 2005–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) population. In total, 19851 American adults aged ≥18 years were included. SII was calculated as the platelet count×neutrophil count/lymphocyte count. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin (Hgb) levels of < 13 g/dL in males and < 12 g/dL in females. Logistic regression analyses, subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between SII and anemia.ResultsOur study included a total of 19851 patients, of which 1501 (7.6%) had anemia. After adjusting for all covariates, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a higher SII (In-transform) level was associated with increased likelihood of anemia (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.36–1.68, P

IntroductionCD8+T cell tolerance plays an important role in tumor escape. Recent studies have shown that CD45+ erythroid progenitor cells (CD45+EPCs) generated through splenic extramedullary erythropoiesis suppress tumor immunity. However, the mechanism underlying how CD45+EPCs mediate CD8+T cell tolerance remains incompletely understood and requires further research.MethodsIn this study, the antigen-processing abilities of CD45+EPCs was verified through both in vitro and in vivo experiments. We have used the method of co-culture in vitro and adoptive transfer experiments in vivo to explore the effects of CD45+EPCs on CD8+T cell tolerance. RNA-sequencing analysis and blocking experiments were used to evaluate the role of ROS in the CD45+EPC mediated tolerance of CD8+T cells. Finally, we incorporated uric acid into the adoptive transfer experiments to rescue the CD45+EPC mediated tumor-promoting effect.Results and discussionWe found that CD45+EPCs take up soluble proteins, present antigenic epitopes on their surface, and induce antigen-specific CD8+T cell anergy. In addition, we found that CD45+EPC directly nitrates tyrosine within the TCR/CD8 complex via the production of reactive oxygen species and peroxynitrite, preventing CD8+ T cells from responding to their specific peptide antigens. Furthermore, uric acid treatment effectively abolished the immunosuppressive effects of CD45+EPCs during CD8+T cell adoptive transfer, thereby enhancing the anti-tumor efficacy. These results demonstrated that CD8+T cell tolerance in tumor-bearing mice is induced by CD45+EPCs. The results of this study have direct implications for tumor immunotherapy.

Objectives: Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is a rare inborn genetic disorder that is characterized by increased levels of methylmalonic acid in blood plasma and urine. Isolated methylmalonic acidemia is one of the most common types of MMA and is caused by mutations in the gene encoding methyl-malonyl coenzyme A mutase (MMUT). In this study, we investigated the possible mechanisms underlying the symptoms of isolated MMA in a patient by molecular analysis. Methods: PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing analysis was performed to identify variants in the MMUT gene in the proband and his family. Furthermore, minigene constructs were generated to validate the splicing defects in the MMUT gene variant identified in the proband. Results: The 3-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital with symptoms of MMA, including fever, convulsions, and vomiting. He showed metabolic acidosis, high levels of methylmalonic acid in blood and urine, and normal blood homocysteine levels. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the patient was a compound heterozygous carrier of two variants in the MMUT gene: a missense c.278G > A variant that has already been reported in a patient with the severe mut⁰ phenotype; and a novel splice site variant c.2125-2A > G. RT-PCR analysis showed that, while the novel variant clearly alters splicing, a minor amount of a full-length transcript is generated, suggesting that a wild-type protein may be produced although at a lower quantitative level. The patient's condition improved after treatment with vitamin B12. Serious complications were not reported during follow-up at age 5. Conclusions: We identified a novel splice site variant that partially disrupts normal splicing of the MMUT pre-mRNA. Production of a reduced amount of full-length transcript is responsible for the mild clinical phenotype observed in this patient. Functional studies have proven useful in exploring the genotype‐phenotype association and in providing guidance for the genetic diagnosis of MMA.

Sinomenine (SIN), an alkaloid extracted from the Chinese herbal medicine Sinomenium acutum, has great potential in anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, analgesic and sedative, and is already a clinical drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in China. Our previous studies show SIN inhibits inflammation by regulating ɑ7nAChR, a key receptor of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), which plays an important role in regulating peripheral and central nervous system inflammation. Growing evidence supports the cholinergic dysregulation and inflammatory responses play the key role in the pathogenesis of AD. The intervention effects of SIN on AD by regulating CAP and homeostasis in brain and gut were analyzed for the first time in the present study using scopolamine-induced AD model mice. Behavioral tests were used to assess the cognitive performance. The neurons loss, cholinergic function, inflammation responses, biological barrier function in the mouse brain and intestinal tissues were evaluated through a variety of techniques, and the gut microbiota was detected using 16SrRNA sequencing. The results showed that SIN significantly inhibited the cognitive decline, dysregulation of cholinergic system, peripheral and central inflammation, biological barrier damage as well as intestinal flora disturbance caused by SCOP in mice. More importantly, SIN effectively regulated CAP to suppress the activation of TLR4/NF-κB and protect the homeostasis in brain and gut to alleviate cognitive impairment.

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious and acute viral disease of chicken caused by the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) of the family Coronaviridae. Even with extensive vaccination against IB by the poultry industry, the occurrence of new IBV genotypes is a continuous challenge encountered by the global poultry industry. This experiment was designed to compare the pathogenicity of two IBV strains belonging to Massachusetts (Mass) and Delmarva DMV/1639 genotypes. Specific pathogen-free laying hens were challenged during the peak of production (30 weeks), keeping a mock-infected control group. During 21 days of observation following infection, a significant drop in egg production with miss-shaped and soft shells was observed in the DMV/1639 IBV-infected hens only. The DMV/1639 IBV infected group showed prolonged and higher cloacal viral shedding compared with the Mass IBV-infected group. At the end of the study (21 days post-infection), the viral genome loads in the respiratory, urogenital, and immune tissues were significantly higher in the DMV/1639 IBV-infected group compared with the Mass IBV-infected group. Macroscopic lesions such as distorted ova leading to egg peritonitis were observed only in the DMV/1639 IBV-infected group. Moreover, microscopic lesion scores were significantly higher in the lung, kidney, cecal tonsils, and oviduct of the DMV/1639 IBV-infected group compared with the Mass IBV-infected group. Finally, the apoptosis index in the kidney, ovary, magnum, isthmus, and shell gland was significantly higher in the DMV/1639 IBV-infected group compared with the control and Mass-infected groups. This study examined the pathogenicity of two IBV genotypes that are impacting the layer industry in North America.

The study aims to investigate the impact of uniform, grooving and non-uniform corrosion degradation on the hot-spot stresses of a T-shaped tubular joint using the finite element method. The through-thickness linearization method is employed to estimate the hot-spot stresses, allowing a more reasonable consideration of the effect of grooving corrosion and non-unform corrosion. The grooving corrosion degradation is modelled assuming that the corrosion rate of the weld metal is 1.4 times that of the base metal. The non-uniform corrosion is modelled by moving the nodes around the weld by a random distance along the direction perpendicular to the surface. The random distances are generated based on the surface roughness parameter Ra. The results indicate that the stress concentration factor (SCF) increases with the uniform corrosion depth. The grooving corroded tubular joint results in a higher SCF than those of the corresponding uniformly corroded tubular joint. The non-uniform corrosion can lead to SCF deviations from the SCF of the uniformly corroded tubular joint. The SCF deviation at the critical region follows the normal distribution, and its standard deviation increases with Ra.

After more than five decades, Moore’s Law for transistors is approaching the end of the international technology roadmap of semiconductors (ITRS). The fate of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) architecture has become increasingly unknown. In this era, 3D transistors in the form of gate-all-around (GAA) transistors are being considered as an excellent solution to scaling down beyond the 5 nm technology node, which solves the difficulties of carrier transport in the channel region which are mainly rooted in short channel effects (SCEs). In parallel to Moore, during the last two decades, transistors with a fully depleted SOI (FDSOI) design have also been processed for low-power electronics. Among all the possible designs, there are also tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs), which offer very low power consumption and decent electrical characteristics. This review article presents new transistor designs, along with the integration of electronics and photonics, simulation methods, and continuation of CMOS process technology to the 5 nm technology node and beyond. The content highlights the innovative methods, challenges, and difficulties in device processing and design, as well as how to apply suitable metrology techniques as a tool to find out the imperfections and lattice distortions, strain status, and composition in the device structures.

In order to reduce the loss of laser point cloud appearance contours by point cloud lightweighting, this paper takes the laser point cloud data of the segment beam of the expressway viaduct as a sample. After comparing the downsampling algorithm from many aspects and angles, the voxel grid method is selected as the basic theory of the research. By combining the characteristics of the normal vector data of the laser point cloud, the top surface point cloud edge data are extracted and the voxel grid method is fused to establish an optimized point cloud lightweighting algorithm. The research in this paper shows that the voxel grid method performs better than the furthest point sampling method and the curvature downsampling method in retaining the top surface data, reducing the calculation time and optimizing the edge contour. Moreover, the average offset of the geometric contour is reduced from 2.235 mm to 0.664 mm by the edge-optimized voxel grid method, which has a higher retention. In summary, the edge-optimized voxel grid method has a better effect than the existing methods in point cloud lightweighting.

The study aims to develop a simplified strength assessment method for the preliminary structural design of a semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine platform. The method includes load cases with extreme wave load effects and a load case dominated by wind load. The extreme load effects due to waves are achieved using the design waves. Seven characteristic responses of the semi-submersible platform due to waves are chosen. The design waves for the extreme characteristic responses are all from extreme wave conditions where the significant wave heights are close to the one for a return period of 100 years. The extreme load effects dominated by wind loads are approximated using the modified environmental contour method. The load effects are the tower base shear force and bending moment. The two load effects are correlated, and a linear equation can approximate the relationship between their extreme values. The finite element analysis results show that the frame design of the bottom of the outer column is essential for structural strength. The wave load can also result in significant stress in the area close to the tower base.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs, which, as members of the RNA interference pathway, play a pivotal role in antiviral infection. Almost 80% of plant viruses are transmitted by insect vectors; however, little is known about the interaction of the miRNAs of insect vectors with plant viruses. Here, we took rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), a devastating virus to rice production in eastern Asia, and the small brown planthopper, (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus) as a model to investigate the role of microRNA750-3p (miR750-3p) in regulating viral transmission. Our results showed that Ls-miR750-3p was downregulated in RBSDV-infected SBPH and predominately expressed in the midgut of SBPH. Injection with miR750-3p agomir significantly reduced viral accumulation, and the injection with the miR750-3p inhibitor, antagomir-750-3p, dramatically promoted the viral accumulation in SBPH, as detected using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The processing of precursor 7 (POP7), a subunit of RNase P and RNase MRP, was screened, identified, and verified using a dual luciferase reporter assay as one target of miR750-3p. Knockdown of POP7 notably increased RBSDV viral propagation in SBPH and then increased the viral transmission rate by SBPH. Taken together, our data indicate that miR750-3p targets POP7 to suppress RBSDV infection in its insect vector. These results enriched the role of POP7 in modulating virus infection in host insects and shared new insight into the function of miRNAs in plant virus and insect vector interaction.

The current study examined a multiple mediator model based on the control-value theory. A sample of 433 Chinese junior middle school students participated in questionnaires assessing teacher-student relationships (TSRs), academic emotions, academic value (AV), and academic self-efficacy (ASE). English test scores were collected as an indicator of students' English academic performance. The results indicated the following: (a) for academic enjoyment, the TSR has an effect on academic achievement through the chain intermediary of AV and ASE; (b) for academic relaxation, the TSR has an effect on English academic achievement through the single intermediary of academic relaxation and the chain intermediary of AV, ASE, and academic relaxation; (c) for academic anxiety, the TSR has an effect on English academic achievement through the single intermediary of AV, the single intermediary of academic anxiety, and the chain intermediary of AV, ASE, and academic anxiety; (d) for academic boredom, the TSR has an effect on English academic achievement through the single intermediary of academic boredom. These findings enrich the relevant research on the control-value theory and provide important insights for improving students' English academic achievement.

This study examines the effectiveness of animated movies (AM) in increasing students' vocabulary and determines what students think about English language learning in Pakistan. Particularly in the education field, vocabulary is an essential factor for foreign language learning in academic achievements. This research aimed to determine whether using animated images/movies aid students in learning new vocabulary by helping them to make connections between the words they know and real-world occurrences. The research used pre-tests and post-tests to examine the impact of AM on vocabulary acquisition. Total participants (N = 64) were 12th-grade students in Lahore, Pakistan, separated into controlled and experimental groups to make a judgment. In the second semester of college, half the students (N = 32) utilized AM to acquire English vocabulary, while the control group employed the conventional technique. The results were evaluated using a t-test for an independent sample to detect significant differences between the groups. The vocabulary exam was constructed and verified as a pre and post-test. The findings revealed a statistically significant difference in receptive vocabulary, productive vocabulary, and overall score in favor of the experimental group owing to the use of (AM). It added to the growing body of information by investigating how animated videos might support EFL education.