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This paper investigates the nonlinear free vibration of spinning pre-twisted functionally graded material (FGM) plates in thermal environment. Based on the Kirchhoff plate theory and von Kármán large-deformation theory, the nonlinear dynamic model is established via the Lagrange equation, where the warping effect is taken into account. The material properties are related to temperature and change according to a power-law exponent distribution. The theoretical solution of nonlinear-free vibration is obtained using the multiple scale method. The effects of power-law exponent, temperature difference, spinning speed, hub radius ratio, and twist angle on nonlinear-free vibration characteristics of the spinning pre-twisted cantilever FGM plates are discussed. The results show that the spinning pre-twisted cantilever FGM plate exhibits nonlinear hardening-spring vibration behavior, while the characteristics weaken with the increase of spinning speed. The twist angle and setting angle have coupling effects on the nonlinear vibration characteristics of spinning pre-twisted FGM plates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar activity, such as sunspots and flares, has a great impact on humans, living beings, and technologies in the whole world. Changes in sunspots will influence high-frequency and space-navigation radio communications. Based on the full-disk, southern and northern hemispheres sunspot areas (SAs) data in 1874–2023 from the Royal Observatory, Greenwich (RGO) USAF/NOAA, extreme value theory (EVT) is applied to predict the trend of the 25th and 26th solar cycles (SCs) in this work. Two methods with EVT, the block maxima (BM) approach and the peaks-over-threshold (POT) approach, are employed to research solar extreme events. The former method focuses on each block's maximum sunspot areas value and is applied for the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. The latter method aims to select the extreme values exceeding a threshold value and is used to obtain the generalized Pareto (GP) distribution. It is the first time that the EVT is applied on the sunspot areas data from the Royal Observatory, Greenwich (RGO) USAF/NOAA. The analysis indicates that the estimated 8-year return levels for sunspot areas are 5701 and 6258 using the two methods, while the estimated 19-year return levels are all 7165. This suggests that the trends of the 25th and 26th solar cycles will be stronger than that of the 24th solar cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxyntic gland neoplasm (OGN) is a rare subtype of gastric cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence, clinicopathological features, effectiveness and safety of endoscopic treatment, as well as the prognosis of OGN. We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients pathologically diagnosed with OGN at our hospital from November 1, 2019 to May 1, 2023. A total of 36 patients with 45 lesions were identified, resulting in a disease frequency of 0.047% (36/76,832). The mean age was 55.0 ± 7.5 years, with a male-to-female ratio of about 1:1.12. Most lesions were ≤10 mm in size (84.4%), located in the upper third of the stomach (73.3%), exhibited slight elevation (75.5%), appeared whitish (55%), had dilated blood vessels on the surface (75.5%). 16 and 21 lesions were treated by precutting endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR-P) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), respectively. No significant differences were found between EMR-P and ESD in terms of en bloc resection rate (100% vs 100%, p = 1.000), complete resection rate (100% vs 90.5%, p = 0.495), and curative resection rate (93.8% vs 90.5%, p = 1.000). No complications such as bleeding and perforation were observed. No recurrence or metastasis was observed during the follow-up period. OGN is a rare tumor with unique clinical, endoscopic, and pathological characteristics. EMR-P and ESD are deemed safe and effective for treating OGNs. The relatively faster and easier EMR-P seems at least non-inferior to ESD, especially for removal of smaller OGNs. The overall prognosis is favorable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the background of unbalanced global energy distribution and increased exogenous shocks to energy trade, major countries bear special responsibilities for energy security and the achievement of greenhouse gas emission reduction under the Paris Agreement. Stabilizing energy supply chains and deploying renewable energy on a large scale are seen as fundamental ways to address both issues. To this end, this paper uses a sample of G20 countries covering the period 1980–2020 to estimate the links between energy import dependence, renewable energy deployment, and carbon emissions per capita. The results indicate that the energy import dependence of G20 countries can act as a combined brake on carbon emissions in large developed countries and emerging market countries, suggesting that global energy trade also has an additional role in reducing carbon emissions. Oil import dependence as one of the robustness check strategies further confirms these findings. The impact mechanism estimates imply that the channel for reducing carbon emissions of energy import dependence was to prompt countries to accelerate renewable energy deployment. Within the established framework of energy demand and economic growth, the universal deployment of renewable energy is a fundamental way to achieve environmental friendliness. These findings provide insights into multinational coordinated policies that ensure open and cooperative international energy markets and a transnational energy trading system that puts humanity on a path to global carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glucose disturbances are a common comorbidity of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and have been extensively studied in the past. However, few studies have explored glucose disturbances in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) MDD patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of glucose disturbances in FEDN MDD patients to understand the relationship between MDD and glucose disturbances in the acute early phase and provide important implications for therapeutic interventions. Using a cross-sectional design, we recruited a total of 1718 MDD patients. We collected their socio-demographic information, clinical data, and blood glucose indicators.17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and the positive symptom subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to assess their depression, anxiety, psychotic symptoms, respectively. The prevalence of glucose disturbances in FEDN MDD patients was 13.6%. Depression, anxiety and psychotic symptoms, body mass index (BMI) levels and suicide attempts rates were higher in the group with glucose disorders than in the group without glucose disorders among patients with first-episode drug-naive MDD. Correlation analysis showed that glucose disturbances were associated with HAMD score, HAMA score, BMI, psychotic symptoms and suicide attempts. Furthermore, binary logistic regression showed that HAMD score and suicide attempts were independently associated with glucose disturbances in MDD patients. Our findings suggest that the prevalence of comorbid glucose disturbances is very high in FEDN MDD patients. Moreover, more severe depressive symptoms and higher suicide attempts are correlated with glucose disturbances in MDD FEDN patients in the early stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoresponsive fluorescent compounds have been widely used to prepare the encryption inks for modern information security. In this study, a photoresponsive fluorescent material based on dithienylethene DTE-PIO4 was synthesized by oxidizing the two sulfur atoms to sulfones. Its solution presented a distinctive fluorescence switching performance when compared with the traditional "turn-off" mode fluorescent dithienylethene, while irreversible "turn-off" fluorescence switching was observed in PMMA films and solid state upon exposure to 254 nm UV light. Remarkably, the PMMA ink was successfully prepared by incorporation with DTE-PIO4, which indicated the great potential in the fields of optical information storage and ink printing. Further research on information encryption has also been demonstrated through the blending of DTE-PIO4 with DTE-PI in PMMA medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the variations of the Walker Circulations during the Last Interglacial (LIG, ~ 130–115 ka BP) may advance our knowledge of climate change in an orbitally induced warmer world. Here we investigate the variations and the underpinning mechanisms of the Pacific Walker Circulation (PWC) and the Indian Ocean Walker Circulation (IWC) during the LIG, using the lig127k experiments from the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project Phase 4. Compared to the preindustrial, annual PWC is broadened by 3° and strengthened by 3.5% during the LIG, whereas annual IWC is narrowed by 3° and weakened by 17.2%. The antiphase change between annual PWC and IWC during the LIG is dominated by the change in boreal warm seasons (June–October), which is in turn closely tied to the changes in sea surface temperatures between the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. Specifically, the models predict a general warming over the tropical Indian Ocean but cooling over the tropical western Pacific in boreal warm seasons during the LIG. This interbasin contrast results in enhanced sea-level pressure over the tropical western Pacific and decreased sea-level pressure over the tropical Indian Ocean, together with opposite changes in precipitation. The west-to-east sea-level pressure gradient contributes to anomalous low-level easterlies in the deep tropics. These changes result in an enhancement and broadening of the PWC, whereas a reverse change for the IWC. The proposed dominating role of interbasin contrast in temperature anomaly is further confirmed by a linear baroclinic model and an atmospheric general circulation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thorax is the central component of the insect flight drivetrain, making it essential to understand how thoracic muscles influence insect flight for flapping wing microair vehicle design. This paper presents a theoretical model that takes into account the influence of thoracic muscles on flapping wing motion with reference to real insects. The thoracic muscle effect is simulated by the chordwise torsional spring, whose stiffness is derived from a comparison test with the results of real insect experiments. The elastic deformation of the flexible flapping wing is modeled by the von Kármán nonlinear plate theory. The predictive quasi-steady aerodynamic model based on the blade element theory can estimate the aerodynamic force, and the modeling of the spanwise bending and twisting is done with quadratic polynomials. The equations of motion are solved using the Newmark-Raphson method. Results suggest that including the influence of thoracic muscles decreases cycle-averaged lift and power, but enhances the efficiency of lift production by 23%. Moreover, it also postpones pitching motion and reduces its amplitude, though the movement trends of the flapping motion remain approximately unchanged regardless of the inclusion of the thoracic muscle effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aerodynamic characteristics of flapping rotary wings (FRWs) have received considerable attention in design. In this study, optimizations of aerodynamic performance and kinematics of FRWs over the parameter space are explored. A well-validated Quasi-Steady model is employed to estimate the aerodynamic characteristics of FRWs in hovering flight, and a genetic algorithm is utilized for optimizing. It is assumed that flapping and pitching motion are given by motion parameters actively, while rotation is produced passively. Our results show that the optimal kinematic parameters are independent of flapping frequencies. The maximum lift comes from the high rotational speed caused by the small pitching amplitude, and the maximum power factor is from the large pitching amplitude. The dimensionless optimization of the flapping velocity as reference velocity is comparable to the dimensional results. The optimization model proposed in this study can be applied to the actual model for qualitative analysis. Rotational equilibrium power factor can reach more than 80% of the maximum value without rotation equilibrium constraint, but which rotational status can achieve the maximum power factor depends on the pitching angle at the mid-downstroke (αd). This study is helpful for the kinematic parameter design and further research of FRWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An effective theoretical dynamics model of BFJDSs is proposed. • Vibration experiment of BFJDSs is conducted. • Experiment validates the present theoretical model. • Present model is applicable for bolt looseness and no-looseness conditions. Bolted flange joint disk-drum structures (BFJDSs) are key components in aero-engines, in which fatigue damage often occurs due to structural vibration. However, no study has so far given an effective theoretical dynamic model of BFJDSs. In this study, an effective dynamic model of BFJDSs is proposed. The present model considers the flange effect, non-uniform contact pressure of bolted joint, and bolt mass. The theoretical expression for describing the stiffness variation of bolted joints is presented. During the modeling process, the energy functions of disk, drum, and flange are obtained according to the Kirchhoff plate, Sanders' shell, and Euler-Bernoulli beam theories, respectively. The non-uniform artificial spring technique is adopted to simulate the pressure distribution of bolted joint. This method is capable of taking into account the contact pressure, which is closer to real contact situation. The displacement functions of disk and drum are expanded by using the Chebyshev orthogonal polynomials, and the motion equations are obtained by employing the Lagrange equation. Then, the experimental studies are performed on BFJDSs to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical model. Finally, the frequency veering and coupling vibration phenomena are revealed. The comparison studies indicate that the established theoretical model can well predict the vibration characteristics of BFJDSs under both bolt looseness and no-looseness conditions. The maximum error can be reduced from 46.81% to 3.61% by using the present dynamic model. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How the remote influences of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may vary in a warmer future remains a hot topic but still elusive. Based on the outputs from the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project Phase 4, here we investigated the variations of ENSO teleconnections in boreal winter during the Last Interglacial (LIG), which shares large similarities with the projected climatic features in the 21st century. Our results suggested that the ENSO-temperature teleconnections on average weakened by ∼13.4% during the LIG relative to the preindustrial, whereas the response of precipitation amplified by ∼5.0%. However, there are large regional discrepancies in the variations of ENSO teleconnections in terms of the sign and amplitude. For example, we observed significant ENSO-temperature relationship changes at the high latitudes during the LIG, with a depressed linkage over northern North America but enhanced linkage over the high latitudes of Eurasia. The most profound change in ENSO-precipitation teleconnection occurred over the tropics during the LIG, characterized by a weaker response over the equatorial Pacific Ocean whereas a stronger response over the Maritime Continent and adjacent oceans. Regarding atmospheric circulations, we found that the ENSO-driven Walker Circulations over the Pacific and the Indian Ocean shifted westward during the LIG, whereas the descending branch of the ENSO-driven Atlantic Walker Circulation shifted eastward. Our results provide a model-based scenario for the variations of ENSO teleconnections during the LIG, but the underlying mechanisms deserve further investigation in the future. • ENSO-temperature teleconnections on average weakened during the Last Interglacial. • ENSO-precipitation teleconnections on average enhanced during the Last Interglacial. • There are large regional discrepancies in the variations of ENSO teleconnections. • ENSO-driven Pacific Walker Circulation moved westward during the Last Interglacial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating accumulation of plastic waste in ecosystems poses a significant health concern to soil environment, yet the environmental effects of plastics remains largely unexplored. Biodegradable plastics could offer a viable alternative to conventional persistent plastics, but our understanding of their potential benefits or detrimental effects on the decomposition of plant debris by soil biomass is limited. In this study, we conducted a year-long field experiment to examine the environmental response and impact on plant debris decomposition in the presence of varying quantities of persistent versus biodegradable plastics. Our findings indicate that the decomposition rate decreased by 2.8–4.9% for persistent plastics, while it increased by 1.3–4.2% for biodegradable plastics. Persistent plastics primarily induced adverse effects, including a reduction in soil nutrients, microbial diversity, bioturbation, enzyme activity, easily decomposable carbon, and microbial biomass carbon in plant debris. In contrast, biodegradable plastics resulted in beneficial effects such as an increase in enzyme activity, microbial biomass carbon, and easily decomposable carbon. We also observed that the decomposition rate of plant residues and nutrient release are closely associated with changes in the organic carbon chemical structure induced by different plastic film fragments. A significant shift in alkoxy carbon content facilitated the release of nutrients and soluble carbon, while modifications in carboxyl and aromatic carbon content hindered their release. Overall, our study reveals over one year that biodegradable plastics primarily induce positive effects on the decomposition of soil organic matter. [Display omitted] • PPF and BPF remnants exert contrasting impacts on the soil environment. • BPF promote the decomposition of plant debris. • Nutrient release is intimately tied to alterations in its organic carbon structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The antibiotics were not detected in grains and heavy metals did not exceed limits. • MRGs ruvB and acn , and ARGs sul1 and sul2 were the dominating resistant genes. • Co-selection may serve as a potential mechanism for resistance maintenance. • MRG CzcA and ARG sul1 can be recommended as model genes to study the co-selection. • Proteobacteria were the most influential hosts for MRG, ARG, and integrons. Secondary municipal-treated wastewater irrigation may introduce residual antibiotics into the agricultural systems contaminated with certain heavy metals, ultimately leading to the coexistence of antibiotics and heavy metals. The coexistence may induce synergistic resistance to both in the microbial community. Here, we investigated the effects of long-term municipal-treated irrigation for rice on the microbiome and resistome. The results showed that the target antibiotics were undetectable in edible grains, and the heavy metal concentrations did not exceed the standard in edible rice grains. Heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs) ruvB and acn antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) sul1 and sul2 were the dominating resistant genes. The coexistence of antibiotics and heavy metals affected the microbial community and promoted metal and antibiotic resistance. Network analysis revealed that Proteobacteria were the most influential hosts for MRGs, ARGs, and integrons, and co-selection may serve as a potential mechanism for resistance maintenance. MRG czcA and ARG sul1 can be recommended as model genes to study the co-selection of ARGs and MRGs in environments. The obtained results highlight the importance of considering the co-occurrence of heavy metals and antibiotics while developing effective methods to prevent the transmission of ARGs. These findings are critical for assessing the possible human health concerns associated with secondary municipal-treated wastewater irrigation for agriculture and improving the understanding of the coexistence of heavy metals and antibiotics. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Dynamic model of shaft-disk rotors in axial non-uniform temperature field is developed. • Three-dimensional displacement fields for both shaft and disk are considered. • Temperature-dependent material properties are considered. • Present model can effectively predict vibrations of shaft-disk rotors in axial non-uniform temperature field. • Effect of non-uniform temperature field is related to the rotational speed and disk location. Research on vibrations of shaft-disk rotors in non-uniform thermal field is essential for the design of rotating machinery. In this paper, the dynamic model of axially loaded thin-walled shaft-disk rotors in axial non-uniform temperature field is developed, considering three-dimensional displacement fields of the shaft and disk. This model introduces the temperature-dependent properties of materials, and gyroscopic and centrifugal effects. Based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and the Kirchhoff plate theory, Lagrange's equation is used to derive the differential equations of motion. By comparing with the results of the existing reference and finite element results, the accuracy of the present model is verified. The effects of the axial displacement of shaft, temperature-dependent material property, temperature difference, temperature distribution, disk position and axial preload on the free vibration of shaft-disk rotors are discussed. Results show that the present model can effectively predict free vibrations of shaft-disk rotors in axial non-uniform temperature field. The effect of thermal field on vibrations of shaft-disk rotors is affected by the rotational speed and disk location as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To advance our understanding of the responses of tropical cyclones (TCs) to abrupt climate transitions, we investigate the variation of genesis potential and the underlying mechanisms during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) that is characterized by frequent millennial-scale oscillations, using a set of coupled model simulations. We illustrate that genesis potential mainly increases over the eastern North Pacific and South Pacific in the storm season during MIS 3 interstadial relative to preindustrial, whereas it decreases over the western North Pacific, North Atlantic, South Indian Ocean, and Australian coast. The relative importance of each genesis factor to genesis potential change varies across oceans. During the transition from warm interstadial to cold stadial induced by freshwater injection, TC genesis potential generally decreases in the Northern Hemisphere, while increases in the Southern Hemisphere. These changes are associated with asymmetric variations of genesis factors between Northern and Southern Hemisphere, which are further tied to the adjustment of large-scale environmental factors in response to the weakened Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Additionally, TC genesis potential exhibits a regional "overshoot" phenomenon when the freshwater injection is terminated, manifested by an increase over the eastern North Pacific and North Atlantic and a decrease over the South Pacific, compared with the initial interstadial state. Our results may help improve our knowledge on past TC behaviors and shed lights on TC response to potential abrupt climate transitions in a warmer future. • The variations of genesis potential vary across oceans during MIS 3 interstadial. • Hemisphere-asymmetric response of genesis potential during warm–cold transition. • An "overshoot" phenomenon in genesis potential during climate transition recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Pine needles are rich in many nutrients and exhibit antibacterial and antioxidant biological activities; however, the effects of different production methods of pine needle additives on the growth performance and intestinal flora of broiler chickens are not known. Methods: Normal diets were supplemented with pine needle fermentation juice (PNF), pine needle soaking juice (PNS), or pine needle powder (PNP), and the associated effects on growth performance, relative organ weights, intestinal development, intestinal histological morphology, intestinal flora, meat quality, and serum indicators in broiler chickens were observed. Results: The results showed that PNF, PNS, and PNP all significantly improved feed utilisation and promoted the growth and development of broilers. All three additives also significantly improved the structure of the intestinal flora, specifically increasing the diversity of bacteria; increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium, Rikenella, and Blautia; and decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria, such as Staphylococcus. The antioxidant properties of pine needles were also found to intensify lipid metabolic reactions in the blood, thus leading to lower triglycerides and total cholesterol. Meanwhile, high doses of PNF reduced jejunum and ileum weights and also increased meat yellowness. Lastly, none of PNF, PNS, or PNP had an effect on relative organ weights or intestinal histological morphology. Conclusion: The addition of pine needles to the diet of broiler chickens can effectively promote their growth performance as well as improve their intestinal flora and serum status without side effects; in particular, the dose of 0.2% of either PNF and PNS is expected to have the capacity to replace growth-promoting antibiotics as diet additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been known as the most widely used light source in lighting and displays for more than 60 years. There is still room for progress in the performance of LEDs, especially since the current devices with various types of different light-emitting layer materials have converged to unity in terms of internal quantum efficiency, and there is an urgent need to improve the light extraction efficiency. Metasurfaces (MSs) have received attention from researchers as structures that can be integrated with LEDs to efficiently modulate the phase and amplitude of light through resonance and scattering, which can reduce light loss. This paper reviews the development of metasurfaces in LEDs so far. The different working mechanisms of metasurfaces composed of different materials are first analyzed in depth. Subsequently, three aspects of light extraction, angle change, and polarization modulation are described in detail according to different applications of metasurfaces in LEDs. Finally, the current status of metasurface applications in LEDs is summarized, and the future development prospects are envisioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Our study aimed to investigate the Hub genes and their prognostic value in colorectal cancer (CRC) via bioinformatics analysis. METHODS: The data set of colorectal cancer was downloaded from the GEO database (GSE21510, GSE110224 and GSE74602) for differential expression analysis using the GEO2R tool. Hub genes were screened by protein-protein interaction (PPI) comprehensive analysis. GEPIA was used to verify the expression of Hub genes and evaluate its prognostic value. The protein expression of Hub gene in CRC was analyzed using the Human Protein Atlas database. The cBioPortal was used to analyze the type and frequency of Hub gene mutations, and the effects of mutation on the patients' prognosis. The TIMER database was used to study the correlation between Hub genes and immune infiltration in CRC. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore the biological function and signal pathway of the Hub genes and corresponding co-expressed genes. RESULTS: We identified 346 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 117 upregulated and 229 downregulated. Four Hub genes (AURKA, CCNB1, EXO1 and CCNA2) were selected by survival analysis and differential expression validation. The protein and mRNA expression levels of AURKA, CCNB1, EXO1 and CCNA2 were higher in CRC tissues than in adjacent tissues. There were varying degrees of immune cell infiltration and gene mutation of Hub genes, especially B cells and CD8 + T cells. The results of GSEA showed that Hub genes and their co-expressed genes mainly participated in chromosome segregation, DNA replication, translational elongation and cell cycle. CONCLUSION: Overexpression of AURKA, CCNB1, CCNA2 and EXO1 had a better prognosis for CRC and this effect was correlation with gene mutation and infiltration of immune cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The safety and efficacy of cold snare polypectomy (CSP) compared to those of cold endoscopic mucosal resection (CEMR) have been reported. This meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of CEMR and CSP. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy and safety of CEMR and CSP in removing 3–10 mm polyps. The outcomes assessed included complete resection rate, intraoperative bleeding rate, delayed bleeding rate, perforation, and polyp removal time. The results are reported as risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) derived from a Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model. Results: Seven studies comprising 1,911 polyps were included in the analysis. The complete resection rate of CEMR was comparable to that of CSP (RR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.99–1.04, p = 0.32). Comparable results were also demonstrated for intraoperative bleeding rate (polyp-based analysis: RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.33–4.43, p = 0.77), delayed bleeding rate (polyp-based analysis: RR: 1.34, 95% CI: 0.44–4.15, p = 0.61), and polyp removal time (mean difference: 28.31 s, 95% CI: −21.40–78.02, p = 0.26). No studies reported cases of perforation. Conclusion: CEMR has comparable efficacy and safety to CSP in removing 3–10 mm polyps. Further randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up are warranted to compare and validate efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new strategy is proposed for vibration control of flexible pendulums. • We introduce a flywheel to control flexible pendulum vibration. • The control method has robustness and is effective for nonlinear forced vibration. • An experiment platform is built to validate the proposed control strategy. Flexible inverted pendulums have found wide applications in mechanical systems, but their stability is susceptible to external disturbances. In this study, a new strategy that employs a flywheel to suppress vibration of flexible inverted pendulums is proposed. We develop the theoretical dynamic model of flexible pendulums with a flywheel by the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, where the axial displacement of the pendulum and geometric nonlinearities are considered. An active control method based on the Bézier trajectory is proposed, where the acceleration of the flywheel is set as the input. Additionally, the equivalent damping ratio of the system including flywheel's motion is derived. The relationship between the parameters in the control equation and the suppression effect is obtained through the simulation of the equivalent damping ratio. Then, an experimental platform is built. The experimental results show that the present control strategy has good suppression effect on the vibration of the flexible inverted pendulums when selecting appropriate parameters. Meanwhile, the results of anti-disturbance test show that the present method has a certain robustness. Finally, the simulation results show that this strategy is also effective for nonlinear forced vibration under different excitation frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prolonged second stage of vaginal delivery increases the risk of shoulder dystocia, unnecessary episiotomies and cesarean sections. However, no standardized method has been proposed to tackle this issue. The effects of pelvic floor myofascial manipulation intervention during the second stage of labor in primiparas and its prognostic value in neonatal postpartum outcomes remain unknown. In the present study, a total of 60 primiparas who were expecting a vaginal delivery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College (Haikou, China) between October 2021 and January 2022 were selected. These women were randomly assigned to a control group (standard intrapartum care) or an experimental group (pelvic floor myofascial manipulation for 15-20 min during the second stage of labor along with standard intrapartum care) using a random number table, with 28 patients in each group. There was no significant difference in age, gestational time or body mass index between the two groups before delivery, indicating that the baseline data were comparable. The second stage of labor duration, forced breath-holding time and postpartum hemorrhage volume in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The pain visual analog scale scores, fatigue scores and neonatal Apgar scores in the experimental group were also significantly lower than those in the control group. The rate of episiotomy in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, pelvic floor myofascial manipulation intervention during the second stage of labor for primiparas with vaginal delivery can reduce the duration of the second stage of labor, the amount of bleeding during labor and the pain during labor. Meanwhile, it has the potential to improve neonatal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nonlinear dynamics of bolted JCCSs are studied theoretically and experimentally. • Displacement-dependent characteristics in bolt connection zone are considered. • The developed model is capable of predicting nonlinear vibration of bolted JCCSs. • Experimental results validate the present theoretical model. This paper investigates the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of joined conical-cylindrical shells (JCCSs) with bolt connection for the first time. In the process of developing mechanical model of the bolt connection, the displacement-dependent stiffness and damping are taken into account, which could simulate the change of the contact state at the connection interface under different excitations. Both theoretical and experimental studies are performed to illustrate the nonlinear vibration behaviors of the bolted JCCSs. Successive uniform distributed artificial springs between the conical and cylindrical shells are adopted to simulate the rigid joint of the two shells. Donnell's shell theory is employed in theoretical modeling, and the governing equation is obtained by the Lagrange equation. The displacement admissible function applied in the research is Chebyshev polynomial. By comparison with existing literature and experimental data, the accuracy of present theoretical model is validated. It is found that both theory and experiment show a dynamic softening phenomenon with the increase of excitation level. Taking the displacement-dependent characteristics in bolt connection zone into consideration can effectively illustrate this soft phenomenon. The established model is capable of predicting the nonlinear vibration characteristics of JCCSs with bolt connection. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fast development of the sensors in the wireless sensor networks (WSN) brings a big challenge of low energy consumption requirements, and Peer-to-peer (P2P) communication becomes the important way to break this bottleneck. However, the interference caused by different sensors sharing the spectrum and the power limitations seriously constrains the improvement of WSN. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a deep reinforcement learning-based energy consumption optimization for P2P communication in WSN. Specifically, P2P sensors (PUs) are considered agents to share the spectrum of authorized sensors (AUs). An authorized sensor has permission to access specific data or systems, while a P2P sensor directly communicates with other sensors without needing a central server. One involves permission, the other is direct communication between sensors. Each agent can control the power and select the resources to avoid interference. Moreover, we use a double deep Q network (DDQN) algorithm to help the agent learn more detailed features of the interference. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can obtain a higher performance than the deep Q network scheme and the traditional algorithm, which can effectively lower the energy consumption for P2P communication in WSN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the past decades, N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐catalyzed reactions have emerged as a versatile tool in synthetic chemistry. In particular, NHC‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction has been significantly developed in many respects, including new reaction development and mechanistic investigation. This concept article presents recent advances towards direct cross‐coupling reactions of aldehydes with alkyl halides enabled by NHC organocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An effective mathematical model for bolted flange joints is proposed. • The proposed model is applicable for both bolt looseness and no-looseness conditions. • Experimental results validate the proposed model. • The soft nonlinearity characteristics of bolted flange joint multi-plate structure under base excitation are revealed. Bolted flange joints are widely used in various engineering structures to combine two or more substructures together. However, the understanding of mechanical mechanism of bolted flange joints is still insufficient due to the lack of efficient mathematical models. This paper proposes an effective mathematical model for bolted flange joints, which is then employed to conduct vibration analysis on bolted flange joint multiple-plate structures. During the modeling process, the flange is modeled by the Kirchhoff plate theory, and the bolted joints are modeled by the two-dimensional face constraint in bolted joint affected region (BJAR). The artificial spring technique is adopted to simulate the face constraint. The friction contact model and equivalent linearization technique are adopted to analyze the stick and slip states of bolted joints. By adopting the Chebyshev orthogonal polynomials as admissible functions, governing equations are derived. Then, the Rayleigh-Ritz method is applied to study the free vibration characteristics, and the Newmark-beta method is employed to study the vibration response under base excitation. The experimental studies are performed on the bolted flange joint two-plate structure (BFJTPS) to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical model. The results indicate that the proposed mathematical model can well predict the vibration characteristics of multiple-plate structures under both bolt looseness and no-looseness conditions. The soft nonlinearity phenomenon under bolt looseness condition can be successfully revealed by the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Point-of-care testing of "sample in, answer out" is urgently needed for communicable diseases. Recently, rapid nucleic acid tests for infectious diseases have been developed for use in resource-limited areas, but they require types of equipment in central laboratories and are poorly integrated. In this work, a portable centrifugal microfluidic testing system is developed, integrated with magnetic bead-based nucleic acid extraction, recombinase-assisted amplification and CRISPR–Cas13a detection. The system, with the advantage of its power-supplied active rotating chip and highly programable flow control through integrated addressable active thermally-triggered wax valves, has a rapid turnaround time within 45 min, requiring only one user step. All reagents are preloaded into the chip and can be automatically released. By exploiting a multichannel chip, it is capable of simultaneously detecting 10 infectious viruses with limits of detection of 1 copy per reaction and 5 copies per reaction in plasmid samples and mock plasma samples, respectively. The system was used to analyse clinical plasma samples with good consistency compared to laboratory-based molecular testing. Moreover, the generalizability of our device is reported by successfully testing nasopharyngeal swabs and whole blood samples. The portable device does not require the operation of professional technicians, making it an excellent assay for on-site testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Converting non‐visual light into photocurrent while maintaining high visual transparency is vital for semitransparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) application, yet often challenging over insufficient invisible light‐harvesting. Herein, spectrally selective optical manipulation for ST‐OSCs with high visual light transparency and full‐spectral non‐visual light reflection is proposed by matching the optical admittance of ultrathin Ag films using ZnS and MgF2. The reflection of optically enhanced ST‐OSCs at the spectral region beyond the human eye's response spectrum is improved and the transmission in the visual region is simultaneously enhanced. By further integrating an anti‐reflective structure, the optimal structure boosts the average visible transmittance and power conversion efficiency of ST‐OSCs to 44.3% and 12.6%, respectively, yielding a record light utilization efficiency of 5.6%. Corresponding flexible ST‐OSCs with high mechanical stability implies that this work provides a facile and universal strategy for ST‐OSCs aiming at building integrated photovoltaics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusion To investigate the DNA damage response (DDR) in a cyclophosphamide (CTX)‐induced mouse model of premature ovarian failure (POF).The POF model was established by injecting mice with CTX. The body, ovarian weights, the estrus cycle, and pathological changes of the ovaries were recorded. The serum levels of 17 β‐estradiol (E2) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured. The expression of Ki67, β‐galactosidase (β‐gal), p21, p53, γH2AX, and pATM in ovarian tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of β‐gal, γH2AX, and pATM was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining of primary cultured granulosa cells (GCs).The body and ovarian weights decreased, the estrus cycles were erratic, and the FSH level increased, whereas the E2 level decreased in POF mice compared to controls. The pathological consequences of POF revealed an increase in atretic follicles, corpus luteum, and primordial follicles and a decrease in the number of primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles. Ki67 expression was reduced, β‐gal, p21, p53, γH2AX, and pATM expression were elevated in the ovaries of POF mice. The expression of β‐gal, γH2AX, and pATM increased in GCs with the concentration in a time‐dependent manner.In total, CTX induced POF in mice, which was mediated by the DDR pathway of ATM‐P53‐P21. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This is one of the first studies examined differential pattern and risk factors of NSSI behavior of youth at different developmental stages during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. • The late-adolescent group (age ≥15 - <18) had the highest rate reporting NSSI behavior, while the young-adult group had the lowest rate during the COVID-19 pandemic. • Early-adolescents (age ≥12 - <15) with a poorer help-seeking pattern, lower paternal education level and being female had significantly higher rate of NSSI behavior. • Young adults (age ≥18 - ≤25) with increased smoking, higher maternal education level and lower education level had increased NSSI behaviors. • It is crucial to develop the targeted and personalized intervention strategies on reducing NSSI behavior for youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meningioma is a prevalent intracranial malignancy known for its aggressive growth. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a crucial role in the development of various cancers. However, their involvement in meningioma remains understudied. This study aimed to investigate the function and underlying mechanism of hsa_circ_0004872 in meningioma. The molecular expression of hsa_circ_0004872, PD-L1 and EIF4A3 was identified by RT-qPCR and/or western blot assays. Cell viability, migration, and invasion were assessed through CCK-8 and Transwell assays, respectively. Cytotoxicity was determined using an LDH assay, and cell apoptosis was monitored by flow cytometry. The RNA and protein interactions were assessed through RNA-protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull down analyses. Our findings revealed that hsa_circ_0004872 expression was significantly downregulated in both meningioma tissue samples and cells. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0004872 inhibited the proliferation, metastasis, and immune escape of meningioma cells, as well as enhanced the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells by suppressing PD-L1. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0004872 directly interacted with EIF4A3, leading to the degradation of PD-L1 mRNA. Finally, inhibiting EIF4A3 improved the proliferation, metastasis, and immune escape of meningioma cells, as well as the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. Our study demonstrated that hsa_circ_0004872 mitigated the proliferation, metastasis,and immune escape of meningioma cells by targeting the EIF4A3/PD-L1 axis. These findings suggested that hsa_circ_0004872 and EIF4A3 might serve as promising biological markers and therapeutic targets for meningioma treatment. Highlights: Hsa_circ_0004872 was downregulated in meningiomas and negatively correlated with PD-L1. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0004872 hindered the metastasis and immune escape of meningioma cells. Hsa_circ_0004872 competitively interacted to EIF4A3 to decay PD-L1 mRNA. EIF4A3 upregulation facilitated the metastasis and immune escape of meningioma cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orientational ordered soft matter possessing diverse microstructures has become a focal point of scientific research and technological exploration, thanks to its advancements in serving as an indispensable optical platform enabling propagation of light with multidimensional and manipulatable states. Herein, a facile way is developed to manipulate the in‐plane light beam transition dynamics by harnessing a time‐variable nematic liquid crystal (NLC) film through the electrical‐field‐induced topological defects. The results show that the dynamic change of optical branched flow is associated with the growth in the correlation length of optical potential and the reduction in the density of topological defects. The optical branching can continuously transform to deterministic and tunable beam steering at the low‐defect‐density regime through annihilation kinetics of defects. The explored soft matter system provides an excellent planar platform for the fundamental physics of light interacting with topological defects and may offer new perspectives for novel optics elements toward the applications of soft matter photonics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The study aims to evaluate the feasibility of body mass index (BMI)‐based individualized small bowel preparation for computed tomography enterography (CTE). Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled study, patients undergoing CTE were randomly assigned to the individualized group or standardized group. Those in individualized group were given different volumes of mannitol solution based on BMI (1000 mL for patients with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, 1500 mL for patients with 18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2 and 2000 mL for patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) while patients in the standardized group were all asked to consume 1500‐mL mannitol solution. CTE images were reviewed by two experienced radiologists blindly. Each segment of the small bowel was assessed for small bowel image quality and disease detection rates. Patients were invited to record a diary regarding adverse events and acceptance. Results: A total of 203 patients were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. For patients with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, 1000‐mL mannitol solution permitted a significantly lower rate of flatulence (P = 0.045) and defecating frequency (P = 0.011) as well as higher acceptance score (P = 0.015), but did not affect bowel image quality and diseases detection compared with conventional dosage. For patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, 2000‐mL mannitol solution provided better overall image quality (P = 0.033) but comparable rates of adverse events and patients' acceptance compared with conventional dosage. Conclusions: Individualized bowel preparation could achieve both satisfactory image quality and patients' acceptance thus might be an acceptable alternative in CTE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The vaccination status of post-stroke patients, who are at high risk of severe outcomes from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a significant concern, yet it remains unclear. We aimed to explore the vaccination status, factors associated with vaccine hesitancy, and adverse effects after vaccination among post-stroke patients. Methods: This multi-center observational study enrolled hospitalized post-stroke patients from six Chinese hospitals (Oct 1, 2020 - Mar 31, 2021), examining vaccine uptake and self-reported reasons for vaccine hesitancy, utilizing logistic regression to investigate risk factors for vaccine hesitancy, and recording any adverse reactions post-vaccination. Results: Of the total 710 post-stroke patients included in the study, 430 (60.6%) had completed the recommended full-3 dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, with 176 (24.8%) remaining unvaccinated. The most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy were concerns about vaccine side effects (41.5%) and impaired mobility (33.9%). Logistic regression identified advanced age (aOR = 1.97, 95%CI: 1.36–2.85, P = 0.001), lower Barthel Index score (aOR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.82–0.93, P = 0.018), higher Modified Rankin Scale score (aOR = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.32–2.56, P = 0.004), and poorer usual activity level of EuroQol 5-Dimension (aOR = 2.82, 95%CI: 1.51–5.28, P = 0.001) as independent risk factors for vaccine hesitancy. Approximately 14.8% reported minor adverse reactions, mainly pain at the injection site. Conclusion: We found that post-stroke patients have insufficient SARS-CoV-2 vaccination rates, with key risk factors for vaccine hesitancy including concerns about side effects, advanced age, and functional impairments. No severe adverse reactions were observed among the vaccinated population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The piezo-actuated beam model considering the neutral surface offset caused by the piezoelectric actuator is established and the LADRC algorithm is designed. • Modal experiment and AVC experiment of the piezo-actuated beam are carried out. • The AVC of the piezo-actuated beam is studied by using theoretical and experimental methods. • The vibration suppression performance of the LADRC algorithm on piezo-actuated beams is studied, and the adaptability and anti-noise ability of the LADRC algorithm are explored. The active vibration control (AVC) of lightweight thin-walled structures on spacecraft has been a proven solution for vibration suppression. In this study, a linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) algorithm is presented for vibration suppression of piezo-actuated beams. Firstly, the governing equation of a piezo-actuated beam is obtained by using the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and the Lagrange equation. The LADRC algorithm is designed for the piezo-actuated beam based on the governing equation. Then, the accuracy of the piezo-actuated beam model is confirmed by comparison with ANSYS and experiments. Finally, numerical simulations and experiments are carried out on the active vibration suppression of the piezo-actuated beam under the fixed harmonic excitation, variable harmonic excitation, and fixed harmonic excitation with measuring noise, respectively. The results show that the LADRC algorithm has an excellent control effect on structural vibration suppression, strong adaptability to various external excitations, and anti-noise ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advantages of parallel processing, high‐speed operation, and ultra‐low power consumption, optical computing presents immense potential in this age of information explosion. As a fundamental optical computing component, optical differentiator has extensive applications, particularly excelling in the real‐time processing and recognition of high‐frame‐rate image information. An ideal optical differentiator needs to adapt to different application scenarios, such as arbitrary operating wavelengths, complex or even transparent targets. Furthermore, performing differential operations of varying orders on target optical field can extract multi‐level information. Unfortunately, most current differential computing devices can only meet part of the requirements, which limits the attained information dimensions and hinders the development of their practical application. Herein, a universal platform based on liquid crystals (LCs) is proposed to achieve 0th‐, 1st‐, and 2nd‐order differential operations of amplitude‐typed or even phase‐typed objects within a broadband range. The switching of different differentiation orders can be accomplished by straightforward adjusting the applied voltages of the differentiator. This approach is capable of extracting more feature information including bright‐field, outline, and edges images of versatile targets. With advanced characteristics of multi‐dimension, broadband and multifunction, the work can flourish applications in fields of image processing, biomedical imaging and optical analog computation, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal halide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are gaining increasing attention as a promising candidate for the new‐generation display technology. Although tremendous progress has been witnessed in this field, the device performance of blue PeLEDs still lags far behind that of the green and red counterparts. In this work, an effective interfacial engineering is employed to boost the radiative recombination of blue perovskite film by introducing a multifunctional tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) network on the grain‐growth substrate. Benefitting from the strong interaction between the TEOS molecule and perovskite nuclei, the perovskite crystallization dynamics are effectively regulated, contributing to significantly improved emitting film with uniformly distributed halogen and concentrated low‐dimensional domain. Additionally, the TEOS network can distinctly passivate the crystal defects at the buried perovskite interface owing to its adequate electron‐donating sites. Consequently, the target blue PeLEDs featuring a stable emission peak at 488 nm exhibit a champion external quantum efficiency of 17.3%, which is among the highest values to date. The results demonstrate the critical role of the surface molecular characteristics of the grain‐growth substrate in regulating the mixed‐halide blue perovskite crystallization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuronal damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammatory microenvironment dominated by microglia are the main obstacles in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we developed an integrated nanoreactor Q@CeBG by encapsulating CeO 2 nanozyme and quercetin (Que) into glutathione-modified bovine serum albumin, and then selected focused ultrasound (FUS) to temporarily open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to enhance the accumulation level of Q@CeBG in the brain. Q@CeBG exhibited superior multi-ROS scavenging activity. Under the assistance of FUS, Q@CeBG nanoreactor can penetrate the BBB and act on neurons as well as microglia, reducing the neuron's oxidative stress level and polarizing microglia's phenotype from proinflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2. In vitro and In vivo experiments demonstrated that Q@CeBG nanoreactor with good biocompatibility exhibit outstanding neuroprotection and immunomodulatory effects. In short, this dual synergetic nanoreactor will become a reliable platform against PD. Q@CeBG nanoreactors are explored which exhibit superior multi-ROS scavenging ability. Under the assistance of focused ultrasound, Q@CeBG nanoreactors are able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and be taken up by neurons and microglia to protect the nervous system and remodel the brain microenvironment. In both in vivo and in vitro models of Parkinson's disease, Q@CeBG shows good neuroprotective effects. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), known for causing gastric inflammation, gastritis and gastric cancer, prompted our study to investigate the differential expression of cytokines in gastric tissues, which is crucial for understanding H. pylori infection and its potential progression to gastric cancer. Focusing on Il-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, and TNF-α, we analysed gene and protein levels to differentiate between H. pylori-infected and non-infected gastritis. We utilised real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for gene quantification, immunohistochemical staining, and ELISA for protein measurement. Gastric samples from patients with gastritis were divided into three groups: (1) non-gastritis (N-group) group, (2) gastritis without H. pylori infection (G-group), and (3) gastritis with H. pylori infection (GH-group), each consisting of 8 samples. Our findings revealed a statistically significant variation in cytokine expression. Generally, cytokine levels were higher in gastritis, but in H. pylori-infected gastritis, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were lower compared to H. pylori-independent gastritis, while IL-12, IL-18, and TNF-α levels were higher. This distinct cytokine expression pattern in H. pylori-infected gastritis underscores a unique inflammatory response, providing deeper insights into its pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near ultraviolet (NUV) organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have great advantages in the field of light excitation sources, chemical and biological sensors, etc. However, the molecular design of NUV emitters still faces the challenges of spectral broadening and red‐shift. In this study, attaching weak oxygen‐bridged triarylboron acceptor to weak carbazolyl donor is able to address intractable problems by weakening donor–acceptor (D–A) charge transfer. Simultaneously, sterically wrapped and modified oxygen‐bridged triarylboron acceptor by bulk substituents (multiple carbazolyl) can suppress intermolecular π–π stacking through steric hindrance effect. These design strategies are able to obtain short‐wavelength, narrow‐band emission, and great color purity. As a result, carbazolyl derivatives xCz‐BO‐based (x = 2, 3, 4, 5) emitters show EL emission peaks from 406 to 422 nm in the NUV light region and small full‐width at half‐maximums (FWHMs) of 32–41 nm over a wide range of dopant concentrations (10–40 wt.%). The most violet Commission International de I'Eclairage (CIE) color coordinate is (0.16, 0.03). Moreover, 5Cz‐BO can be employed as host for vacuum‐/solution‐processed blue OLEDs and these devices exhibit high performance with EQEs of over 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving circularly polarized organic ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (CP‐OURTP) with a high luminescent dissymmetry factor (glum) is crucial for diverse optoelectronic applications. In particular, dynamically controlling the dissymmetry factor of CP‐OURTP can profoundly advance these applications, but it is still unprecedented. This study introduces an effective strategy to achieve photoirradiation‐driven chirality regulation in a bilayered structure film, which consists of a layer of soft helical superstructure incorporated with a light‐driven molecular motor and a layer of room‐temperature phosphorescent (RTP) polymer. The prepared bilayered film exhibits CP‐OURTP with an emission lifetime of 805 ms and a glum value up to 1.38. Remarkably, the glum value of the resulting CP‐OURTP film can be reversibly controlled between 0.6 and 1.38 over 20 cycles by light irradiation, representing the first example of dynamically controlling the glum in CP‐OURTP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving circularly polarized organic ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (CP‐OURTP) with a high luminescent dissymmetry factor (glum) is crucial for diverse optoelectronic applications. In particular, dynamically controlling the dissymmetry factor of CP‐OURTP can profoundly advance these applications, but it is still unprecedented. This study introduces an effective strategy to achieve photoirradiation‐driven chirality regulation in a bilayered structure film, which consists of a layer of soft helical superstructure incorporated with a light‐driven molecular motor and a layer of room‐temperature phosphorescent (RTP) polymer. The prepared bilayered film exhibits CP‐OURTP with an emission lifetime of 805 ms and a glum value up to 1.38. Remarkably, the glum value of the resulting CP‐OURTP film can be reversibly controlled between 0.6 and 1.38 over 20 cycles by light irradiation, representing the first example of dynamically controlling the glum in CP‐OURTP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photodiode‐type solar‐blind photodetectors (SBPDs) with the self‐powered feature hold great promise for applications in unattended secure communication, flame detection, and missile warning. However, the responsivity of SBPDs is usually limited due to the severe solar‐blind (SB) light extinction in substrates and charge transport layers. Herein, a spectrally selective hole extraction structure (SHE) is proposed for high‐efficiency perovskite SBPDs. The SHE consisting of a tandem Fabry–Perot cavity and energy‐level‐matched hole transport layer endows the device with narrowband absorption in the SB region and optimized charge extraction capability from the CsPbI2Br perovskite. The optimized SHE exhibits a peak transmittance of 27% at 255 nm and a half maximum at full width of 28 nm. Under SB light illumination, the champion device achieves a responsivity of 56.20 mA W−1 and a detectivity (D*) of 2.86 × 1013 Jones, which are the record values among the reported results. The approach demonstrated here paves the way for the optical and electrical design of perovskite photodetectors with spectrally selective detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Future climate projections suggest a poleward shift of the maximum intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the western North Pacific. However, the global nature of the latitudinal change in TC genesis under global warming remains poorly understood. We show, using large‐ensemble high‐resolution atmospheric model simulations (d4PDF) with four warming scenarios, that the poleward shift is a robust change over the globe, attributable to the weakening of the Hadley circulation. The weakened ascent driven by the upper‐tropospheric warming suppresses the TC genesis within 5°–20° latitudes, whereas the weakened descent enhances the TC genesis in the poleward latitudes. We further estimate the poleward shift of TC genesis to emerge at the 2 K global warming over the Arabian Sea, South Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and at the 4 K warming over the North Pacific. The present results underscore the potential for increasing social and economic risks associated with TCs at higher latitudes. Plain Language Summary: Climate models have projected a decrease in TC genesis frequency in future warming. However, the global nature of the latitudinal change in TC genesis under global warming remains uncertain partly due to insufficient resolution as well as the ensemble size of climate model simulations. We show a global feature of the robust poleward shift of the TC genesis during the active seasons of both hemispheres scaled with the global warming level, which can be attributed to the weakening of the Hadley circulation. The weakened ascending branch of the Hadley circulation, driven by the increased upper tropospheric warming, potentially hinders TC genesis within 5°–20° latitudes. Conversely, the weakened descending branch of the Hadley circulation enhances the likelihood of TC genesis within 20°–35° latitudes. We further estimate that the signal of TC genesis is expected to emerge over high latitudes of the Arabian Sea, South Atlantic and South Pacific Oceans at the 2 K warming and at the 4 K warming over the North Pacific. The present analyses have significant implications not only for assessing the reliability of future TC‐related changes in climate models but also for estimating the increased TC‐related hazards at higher latitudes under global warming. Key Points: We project a global feature of the robust poleward shift of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis during active seasons of both hemispheresMore TC genesis at high latitudes can be attributed to the weakening of the Hadley circulationPoleward shift of TC genesis emerges at 2 K warming over Arabian Sea, South Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and at 4 K warming over North Pacific [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quasi‐two‐dimensional (quasi‐2D) perovskites are emerging as efficient emitters in blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), while the imbalanced crystallization of the halide‐mixed system limits further improvements in device performance. The rapid crystallization caused by Cl doping produces massive defects at the interface, leading to aggravated non‐radiative recombination. Meanwhile, unmanageable perovskite crystallization is prone to facilitate the formation of nonuniform low‐dimensional phases, which results in energy loss during the exciton transfer process. Here, we propose a multifunctional interface engineering for nucleation and phase regulation by incorporating the zwitterionic additive potassium sulfamate into the hole transport layer. By using potassium ions (K+) as heterogeneous nucleation seeds, finely controlled growth of interfacial K+‐guided grains is achieved. The sulfamate ions can simultaneously regulate the phase distribution and passivate defects through coordination interactions with undercoordinated lead atoms. Consequently, such synergistic effect constructs quasi‐2D blue perovskite films with smooth energy landscape and reduced trap states, leading to pure‐blue PeLEDs with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17.32 %, spectrally stable emission at 478 nm and the prolonged operational lifetime. This work provides a unique guide to comprehensively regulate the halide‐mixed blue perovskite crystallization by manipulating the characteristics of grain‐growth substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quasi‐two‐dimensional (quasi‐2D) perovskites are emerging as efficient emitters in blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), while the imbalanced crystallization of the halide‐mixed system limits further improvements in device performance. The rapid crystallization caused by Cl doping produces massive defects at the interface, leading to aggravated non‐radiative recombination. Meanwhile, unmanageable perovskite crystallization is prone to facilitate the formation of nonuniform low‐dimensional phases, which results in energy loss during the exciton transfer process. Here, we propose a multifunctional interface engineering for nucleation and phase regulation by incorporating the zwitterionic additive potassium sulfamate into the hole transport layer. By using potassium ions (K+) as heterogeneous nucleation seeds, finely controlled growth of interfacial K+‐guided grains is achieved. The sulfamate ions can simultaneously regulate the phase distribution and passivate defects through coordination interactions with undercoordinated lead atoms. Consequently, such synergistic effect constructs quasi‐2D blue perovskite films with smooth energy landscape and reduced trap states, leading to pure‐blue PeLEDs with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17.32 %, spectrally stable emission at 478 nm and the prolonged operational lifetime. This work provides a unique guide to comprehensively regulate the halide‐mixed blue perovskite crystallization by manipulating the characteristics of grain‐growth substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new sesquiterpene‐hydroquinone hybrids, saromacrophorins A–C (1–3) were isolated from the deep‐sea‐derived fungus Sarocladium terricola 494a, along with nine known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analyses of 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and ECD calculations. Noteworthily, compound 1 is a rare 5′,6′‐dihydroxymacrophorin and compound 3 is the first example of macrophorin possessing 4′S‐configuration. Compound 4 showed potent anti‐food allergic activity with an IC50 value of 18.9 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We perform a high-precision computation of the three-loop three-point form factor of the stress-tensor supermultiplet in N = 4 SYM. Both the leading-color and sub-leading-color form factors are expanded in terms of simple integrals. We compute the complete set of integrals at a special kinematic point with very high precision using AMFlow. The high-precision leading-color result enables us to obtain the analytic form of a numerical constant in the three-loop BDS ansatz, which is previously known only numerically. The high-precision values of the non-leading-color finite remainder as well as all integrals are also presented, which can be valuable for future use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]