Search

Hupo Bian,1,* Shaoqi Zhu,2,* Wenjian Xing,3 Luying Qi,1 Jingnan Xue,1 Xiuhua Peng,1 Zanhui Jin,1 Hongxing Zhao1,4 1Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Radiology, The Linghu People’s Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 4Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Urinary Tumors, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hongxing Zhao, Department of Radiology, Huzhou First People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, No. 158, Plaza Back Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China, Email 50073@zjhu.edu.cnObjective: There is increasing evidence that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). In this study, we provide valuable insights in the field by examining the evolution of the relationship between COPD and CHD over the past 20 years.Methods: A comprehensive computer search was conducted in the Web of Science (WOS) core dataset, covering literature on COPD combined with CHD from January 1, 2005, to August 20, 2024. Visual analyses were performed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Bibliometrix to assess countries, institutions, the centrality of institutional intermediaries, authorship patterns, including co-cited authors and references, and keywords; Excel (version 2021) software was utilized for generating relevant descriptive analysis tables.Results: A total of 2420 publications sourced from WOS were included in this study. Since 2005, there has been a continuous increase in the literature about COPD combined with CHD; polynomial fitting yielded an R² value of 0.7758. The volume of literature in this domain is projected to continue growing steadily. The United States emerged as the leading country by publication count; Lin Cheng-li ranked first among authors, while China Medical University topped institutional contributions. Notably, Sin dd, Mannino dm, and Helvaci Mr were identified as the top three authors based on citation frequency. The Journal of Vascular Surgery recorded the highest number of publications, whereas The Lancet was recognized as the most influential among the top ten co-cited journals. The most frequently cited reference pertains to systemic inflammation’s role in increasing cardiovascular risk among patients with COPD. Through keyword clustering analysis, we categorized all keywords into three distinct groups: management strategies for COPD and CHD; diseases associated with both conditions; and epidemiological characteristics concerning their burden—current hotspots include multimorbidity factors such as hypertension and obesity alongside outcomes like diagnosis during COVID-19 pandemic implications within societal contexts are highlighted here too.Conclusion: Presently focused research on COPD coupled with CHD primarily revolves around five key areas: pathogenesis exploration, early diagnostic techniques, COVID-19 infection, dynamics intervention, methodologies, and treatment protocol development efforts. To improve the early detection rate of COPD complicated with CHD, the main development direction in the future is to extract computed tomography (CT) features using imaging omics and establish an early prediction model. The results of this study will provide new ideas and directions for subsequent related research.Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD, coronary heart disease, CHD, inflammation, bibliometrics, visual analysis

This study used hydrothermal extraction to obtain gelatin from tuna processing by-products. After treatment, the yield (w/w dry weight) of gelatin from skins and bones were 70.22 ± 2.07 % and 28 ± 3.03 %, respectively. Enzymatic hydrolysis using alkaline protease and pancreatin converted the gelatins into peptides, with the content of oligopeptide up to 87.67 ± 1.44 %. The tuna bone gelatin peptides exhibiting higher scavenging abilities against hydroxyl radicals (·OH - ), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH·), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) compared to tuna skin gelatin peptides. Gelatin peptides were chelated with CaCl 2 at 50 °C for 60 min, pH 8.0, and a 1:2 peptide-to‑calcium ratio, achieving a maximum calcium binding capacity of 56.70 ± 1.67 %. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the participation of amino and carboxyl groups in the reaction. These findings provide technical and theoretical support for the development of calcium-chelated gelatin peptides., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and joint destruction, with emerging evidence implicating gut microbiota dysbiosis in its pathogenesis. The current study explores the role of ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, in modulating gut microbiota and metabolic dysregulation through the enzyme peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. Our findings demonstrate that ferroptosis exacerbates RA-related inflammatory responses and joint damage by upregulating PAD4 expression, which, in turn, influences the gut microbial composition and associated metabolite profiles. Erastin, a known ferroptosis agonist, significantly increased the relative abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria such as Proteobacteria while reducing beneficial taxa like Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. This microbial shift was associated with heightened oxidative stress and an imbalance in key metabolites, such as lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine 14:0 (LysoPE 14:0), further exacerbated by ferroptosis. Co-treatment with GSK484, a PAD4 inhibitor, reversed these effects, restoring microbial homeostasis and reducing joint inflammation. This study suggests that ferroptosis-mediated PAD4 activity contributes to RA pathogenesis by disrupting the gut-joint axis, providing novel insights into potential therapeutic targets for RA. Our results highlight the intricate interplay between immune-mediated cell death, gut microbiota, and systemic inflammation, emphasizing the importance of ferroptosis as a therapeutic target in mitigating RA progression., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is becoming a prevalent chronic liver disease. Many medicinal and edible herbs exhibit remarkable biological activities in ameliorating MAFLD but lack a comprehensive assessment of their therapeutic efficacy. This study determined total phenolic and flavonoid contents and in vitro antioxidant properties of 34 edible herbs. Smilax glabra Roxb. (SGR), Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt., and Smilax china L. were obtained with the best bioactivity and antioxidant capacity. The high-cholesterol diet-induced larval zebrafish model was established to compare the anti-MAFLD activity of the three herb extracts mentioned above. In vivo experiments revealed that SGR intervention significantly decreased lipid accumulation, alleviated oxidative stress, and modulated intestinal microbiota composition in zebrafish. Furthermore, three potential active components in SGR and their possible mechanisms were explored through network pharmacology and molecular docking. Our study suggested that SGR is a potential candidate for developing new drugs or dietary supplements for MAFLD therapy., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with disrupted brain structural integration. Morphometric similarity offers a means to capture the coordinated patterns of various structural features. However, it remains unknown whether MDD-related changes can be detected in cortical morphometric similarity through the Morphometric Inverse Divergence (MIND) network. Additionally, the role of brain connectivity in shaping these alterations, and their links to neuroreceptors and gene expression, have yet to be investigated., Methods: Using the T1-weighted MRI data from 71 patients with first-episode, treatment-naïve MDD and 69 healthy controls, we constructed the MIND network for all participants. We then performed between-group comparisons to investigate abnormalities in the network and spatial relationships between the observed patterns of MIND disruption and the patterns of neuroreceptors were estimated. Network-based spreading was utilized to explore the abnormalities constrained by brain connectivity based on structural, functional, and transcriptional connectome architecture and to further identify potential epicenters of MDD. In addition, partial least squares regression was conducted to examine the associations of gene expression profiles with MIND changes in MDD., Results: Patients with MDD showed significantly increased MIND in regions associated with sensation and cognition compared with healthy controls, with this altered pattern being influenced by a combination of transcriptional and structural connectivity, and potential epicenters of MDD were identified in the frontal, parietal, and paracentral cortices. Furthermore, the cortical map of case-control differences in MIND was spatially correlated with the cannabinoid CB 1 receptor and the brain-wide expression of a weighted combination of genes. These genes were enriched for neurobiologically relevant pathways and preferentially expressed in different cell classes and cortical layers., Conclusion: These results highlight the abnormal pattern of morphometric similarity observed in MDD, shedding light on the complex interplay between disrupted macroscale coordinated morphology and microscale molecular organization in MDD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In this study, we collected 177 soil samples from major tea-producing areas in China, systematically investigated the spatial distribution characteristics of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil of these tea plantations and discussed the environmental factors influencing of the PAHs in tea garden soil. The feature ratio method and source analysis methods were used to determine the PAHs source in tea garden soil, and the potential risk of PAHs in tea garden soil was also evaluated. The results showed that the concentrations of the 16 PAHs in 177 samples ranged from 6.21 to 4068.91 ng g -1 , with an average of 257.00 ng g -1 . The majority of PHAs in tea garden soils predominantly contained a 5-6 ring pattern, and the highest content was indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene (InP, 23%) and benzo (b) fluoranthrene (BbF, 16%). In addition, 10.16% of the PAHs in tea plantation soils contained a 2-3-ring pattern, with naphthalene (NAP) having the highest content. PAH source in Chinese tea garden soil was predominantly mixed combustion, such as incomplete biomass combustion, petroleum combustion, coal combustion and wood combustion. The PAHs distribution was mainly affected by the industrial structure, geographical location of tea plantation, climatic conditions, soil properties and other factors in different regions. According to the Dutch Maliszewska-Kordybach grading standard, 79% of the soil samples from Chinese tea plantations were classified as unpolluted, 13% as mildly polluted, and 2% and 6% as moderately and severely polluted, respectively. Although the PAH pollution in tea plantations was generally low, BaP and InP pose significant ecological risk in some areas. Therefore, strategies such as effective guidelines and environmentally friendly technologies, must be developed to reduce the risk of PAH pollution in tea plantation soils., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Male infertility, frequently driven by oxidative stress, impacts half of infertile couples globally. Despite its significance, the precise mechanisms governing this process remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that ASB1, the substrate recognition subunit of a ubiquitin ligase, is highly expressed in the mouse testis. Mice lacking the Asb1 gene exhibit severe fertility impairment, characterized by oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Subsequent investigations unveiled that Asb1 knockout (Asb1-KO) mice encountered excessive oxidative stress and decreased hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) levels in their testes, and severe sperm DNA damage. Notably, the compromised fertility and sperm quality in Asb1-KO mice was significantly ameliorated by administering NaHS, a H 2 S donor. Mechanistically, ASB1 interacts with ELOB to induce the instability of sulfide-quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) by enhancing its K48-linked ubiquitination on residues K207 and K344, consequently triggering proteasomal degradation. This process is crucial for preserving H 2 S homeostasis and redox balance. Overall, our findings offer valuable insights into the role of ASB1 during spermiogenesis and propose H 2 S supplementation as a promising therapeutic approach for oxidative stress-related male infertility., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Nanjing Medical University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The application of peracetic acid (PAA) in the advanced oxidation process has been demonstrated to be an effective approach for treating aqueous organic pollutants. In this study, it is the first time that biogas residue biochar (BRBC) derived from sludge anaerobic digestion plants was prepared and used as a PAA activator for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation. The optimal SMX removal could achieve 92 % within 120 min under acidic conditions. The SMX degradation was slightly enhanced in the presence of Cl - , while it could be inhibited by HCO 3 - . Quenching experiment and EPR analysis demonstrated that both radical and non-radical processes contributed to SMX degradation. ECOSAR analysis showed a significant reduction in intermediate toxicity. Meanwhile, BRBC700 exhibited excellent reusability and stability even in real water matrices. The study presented an innovative approach for biogas residue application and provided a novel pretreatment for SMX-containing wastewater for further biological treatment method after simple acid-base regulation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This article has been withdrawn: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor and publisher. The publisher regrets that an error occurred which led to the premature publication of this paper. This error bears no reflection on the article or its authors. The publisher apologizes to the authors and the readers for this unfortunate error., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Both high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and CYP2C19 genotypes are independent predictors of clinical outcomes after ischemic stroke. We aim to evaluate the association of CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles (LoFA) carrying status with the effects of dual/single antiplatelet therapy at different hsCRP levels using the CHANCE trial., Methods: Subjects with both of CYP2C19 major alleles information (*2, *3, and *17) and hsCRP measurements were enrolled from the prespecified subgroup. CYP2C19 LoFA carriers were defined as patients with either*2 or *3 allele. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the interaction of CYP2C19 LoFA carrying status with the effects of dual/single antiplatelet therapy at different hsCRP levels. The primary outcome was recurrent stroke within 90 days., Results: Among 2,801 patients, 1,646 (58.8%) were LoFA carriers, and 922 (32.9%) had elevated hsCRP. In patients with nonelevated hsCRP, there was a significant interaction effect between CYP2C19 LoFA carrying status and dual/single antiplatelet regimens for prevention of recurrent stroke and combined vascular events (P = .048, .048, respectively), but, not in patients with elevated hsCRP (P = .502, .472, respectively). Only among patients with nonelevated hsCRP and noncarrier of CYP2C19 LoFA, dual antiplatelets significantly reduced the risk of recurrent stroke compared with aspirin alone (hazard ratio = 0.44 [0.26-0.74], P = .003). No significant differences in bleeding were found., Conclusions: Nonelevated hsCRP and noncarrier of CYP2C19 LoFA may predict a better response to dual antiplatelet therapy in reducing stroke recurrence and composite vascular events for patients with minor stroke and high-risk TIA., Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00979589., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None reported., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: According to previous literature reports, PTPN11 gene variants account for approximately 50% of Noonan syndrome (NS) cases and 85% of Leopard syndrome (LS) cases. Several patients who were diagnosed with NS or LS complicated with Chiari I malformation (CIM) and/or syringomyelia have been reported to have a PTPN11 variant. However, it is not always clear whether the association between CIM and/or syringomyelia and PTPN11 variants is real or random. We try to explain this phenomenon by reporting a clinical case and making a mini-review., Methods: We retrospectively described a clinical case in detail and made a genetic test on the proband and her family members using whole-exome sequencing. And made a review of the related literatures., Results: The patient was manifesting progressive abnormal gait and muscle weakness for more than 2 years before she was admitted to our hospital at the age of 5 years and 2 months. On examination, she looked frail and slender. She had short stature, mild intellectual disability, decreased muscle strength in the left limb, thinner left limb, left hollow foot and foot drop, weakened left knee and Achilles tendon reflexes and a positive left Babinski sign. She looked timid and had very little expressive language. MRI of the brain and spine revealed CIM and syringomyelia with hydrops. Cardiac ultrasonography revealed an ostium secundum defect. ECG examination showed no abnormalities. She received a spinal cavity subarachnoid shunt; the symptoms were relieved to some extent, and the cavity in the lumbar vertebrae was significantly reduced after the surgery. Genetic testing found a variant, c. 922A>G (p. Asn308Asp) in the PTPN11 gene. Both parents were wild-type at this locus. A literature review found that 31 patients with NS or LS were complicated with CIM, syringomyelia or both. Together with our patient, a total of six patients in this group had the PTPN11 gene variant. Among them, four were complicated with both CIM and syringomyelia, and two were complicated with CIM only., Conclusions: We report another case with a PTPN11 variant that was complicated with both CIM and syringomyelia. It suggests that CIM and syringomyelia may be clinical manifestations of PTPN11 variation-related diseases. This phenomenon may be underrated due to limitations of genetic diagnostic methods in the past. We strongly suggest routine craniocerebral and spinal MRI scans and genetic testing for patients suspected of having NS or LS., (© 2024 International Society for Developmental Neuroscience.)

Electrochemical water splitting is a promising method for generating green hydrogen gas, offering a sustainable approach to addressing global energy challenges. However, the sluggish kinetics of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) poses a great obstacle to its practical application. Recently, increasing attention has been focused on introducing various external stimuli to modify the OER process. Despite significant enhancement in catalytic performance, an in-depth understanding of the origin of superior OER activity contributed by the external stimuli remains elusive, which significantly hinders the further development of highly efficient and durable water electrolyzed devices. Herein, this review systematically summarizes the recent advancements in the understanding of various external stimuli, including photon irradiation, applied magnetic field, and thermal heating, etc., to boost OER activities. In particular, the underlying mechanisms of external stimuli to promote species transfer, modify the electronic structure of electrocatalysts, and accelerate structural reconstruction are highlighted. Additionally, applications of external stimuli in other electrocatalytic reactions are also presented. Finally, several remaining challenges and future opportunities are discussed, providing insights that could further the study of external stimuli in electrocatalytic reactions and support the rational design of highly efficient energy storage and conversion devices.

Due to the difference of estrogen levels in different phases of estrous cycle, it is necessary to exclude the influence of endogenous estrogen when studying the cardiovascular effects of estrogen and its analogues. In this study, the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of isolated heart were investigated in female rats during different phases of estrous cycle with male rats as comparison. The results indicated that the estrogen content in blood of rats during metestrus and diestrus (MD) was lower than those during proestrus and estrous (PE). 17β-Estradiol (E2) at 10 -8 M did not show significant effects on I/R injury in male rats and female rats during PE. However, E2 exerted an obviously protective effects against I/R injury on heart rate (HR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) release in female rats during MD. Furthermore, E2 relieved I/R injury in female rats during MD by decreasing the infarct size and the expression level of p-CaMKII. The results suggested estrous cycles may influence on the extent of cardiac I/R injury due to the regulation of E2 on CaMKII expression level, providing an idea that the estrus cycle should be considered for animal model preparation and toxicity studies in estrogen and environmental hormone research., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: In this study, we aimed to explore the association between baseline and early changes in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the 30-day mortality rate in patients having anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5)-positive dermatomyositis with interstitial lung disease (DM-ILD)., Methods: Overall, 263 patients with anti-MDA5 DM-ILD from four centers in China were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of baseline NLR on the 30-day mortality rate in patients with anti-MDA5-positive DM-ILD. Furthermore, a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) was applied to compare the NLR variations over time between 30-day survival group and non-survival group., Results: Two hundred sixty-three patients with anti-MDA5-positive DM-ILD were divided into different groups based on their NLR and whether they survived or not within 30 days. The multivariate logistic regression analysis, accounting for confounding factors, identified an elevated baseline NLR as a prognostic indicator for 30-day mortality in patients with anti-MDA5-positive DM-ILD (hazard ratio 2.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18,6.00, P = 0.019). Furthermore, the GAMM results indicated that the NLR gradually increased more in the non-survival group compared with the survival group within 14 days of admission, with a daily average increase of 1.03 (β = 1.03; 95% CI, 0.75-1.31; P < 0.001)., Conclusions: We found that an elevated baseline NLR and its progressive increase are associated with 30-day mortality in patients with anti-MDA5-positive DM-ILD., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval was granted by the ethics committees of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, and Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, between January 2017 and November 2021 (reference numbers: 2020–050-01; XYFY2022-KL427-02; KYLL-2023–0512; and [2023] S-139; respectively). Patient data were de-identified and the requirement for informed consent was waived. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the myopia correction and its association with mental health problems among rural primary school students in China., Methods: Using survey data from 17,950 students in 251 rural primary schools, this study examines the association between corrected myopia and mental health problems, as well as academic performance among rural students in China. Vision exams were offered to sample students, and student mental health status was measured using the Mental Health Test (MHT)., Results: The results show that 21.98% of sample students failed the vision screening for myopia. Over 65% of sample students showed some form of anxiety, with 56.86% experiencing learning anxiety and 18.71% experiencing body anxiety. The MHT score of myopic students was higher than that of students with normal vision, indicating that myopic students had worse mental health overall. Correcting myopia with eyeglasses was associated with better mental health, indicated by a lower MHT score (by 0.62 points) when controlling for covariates. Myopic students with high baseline academic performance who wore eyeglasses benefited especially from myopia correction, as they had a lower total MHT score (by 1.77 points) and lower body anxiety score (by 0.49 points, p < 0.05) than their high-performing peers with uncorrected myopia., Conclusions: These findings suggest that future mental health prevention programs in rural China should focus on reducing the prevalence of myopia and providing eyeglasses to myopic students as potential interventions.

Background: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the care burden in informal caregivers is huge. Summarizing factors associated with the informal caregivers burden can improve our understanding of providing proactive support to informal caregivers caring for patients with Parkinson's disease (PwP) at risk, and provides evidence for clinical practice., Methods: PRISMA guidelines were followed in this systematic review. We searched 9 databases in May 2024 for studies reporting data on factors associated with the care burden of informal caregivers for PwP., Results: We identified 16456 records of which 28 met inclusion criteria. Informal caregivers from 12 countries were included. There were 38 factors shown to be linked to higher care burden. The evidence indicated that informal caregivers who were depressed, caring for PwP with lower quality of life, caring for PwP with lower ADL scores, or caring for PwP with depression reported high care burden., Conclusion: Targeted interventions addressing those modifiable factors should be developed and investigated to lighten the care burden of informal caregivers for PwP., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2025 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) refers to clinical symptoms caused by structural and functional damage to coronary microcirculation. The timely and precise diagnosis of CMD-related myocardial ischemia is essential for improving patient prognosis. This study describes a method for the multimodal (fluorescence, ultrasonic, and photoacoustic) noninvasive imaging and treatment of CMD based on ischemic myocardium-targeting peptide (IMTP)-guided nanobubbles functionalized with indocyanine green (IMTP/ICG NBs) and characterizes their basic characteristics and in vitro imaging and targeting abilities. The IMTP/ICG NBs enable the accurate location of myocardial ischemia via photoacoustic imaging, and when loaded with tannic acid (TA), can be used to effectively treat myocardial ischemia and fibrosis in CMD mice, achieving an effect superior to that of free TA. The origin of this high therapeutic efficiency is revealed by transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. This investigation lays the groundwork for visual monitoring and the drug-targeted treatment of CMD., (© 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Healthcare Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

We present two novel antimony(III)-based tellurite sulfate crystals, Sb 2 (TeO 3 )(SO 4 ) 2 - P 1̅ (I) and Sb 2 (TeO 3 )(SO 4 ) 2 - P 2 1 / c (II), synthesized using a dual lone pair strategy that incorporates Sb 3+ and Te 4+ ions into a sulfate framework. This approach significantly enhances the birefringence of these compounds, with values of 0.11 and 0.10 at 546 nm, respectively, surpassing those of many previously reported mixed alkali metal/alkaline earth metal sulfates and tellurites. Both compounds also exhibit excellent UV transparency with cutoff edges at 292 and 294 nm, making them promising candidates for short-wave UV optical applications. Structural and theoretical analyses reveal that the enhanced birefringence arises from the synergistic effects of the stereochemically active lone pairs of Sb 3+ and Te 4+ , which contribute to the optical anisotropy. This work highlights the potential of dual SCALP elements in improving the optical properties of sulfate-based crystals and provides new insights into designing high-performance optical materials with tailored properties for advanced UV technologies.

Objective: This study aims to develop a risk assessment model for predicting haemodialysis access dysfunction and to construct a nomogram., Method: The clinical data of patients with haemodialysis access dysfunction treated at our hospital from October 2020 to January 2024 were retrospectively analysed. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression method was used to filter variables and select predictors, while Cox regression was applied to filter variables and construct a nomogram. The discriminatory ability of the model was determined by calculating the area under the curve (AUC). Calibration was evaluated using bootstrap internal validation and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. The clinical utility and applicability of the model were assessed through decision curve analysis (DCA) and the clinical impact curve (CIC). Subgroup analysis of risk factors for haemodialysis access dysfunction was performed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves., Result: The study included 423 patients, and seven variables were used to construct the risk prediction model and nomogram for haemodialysis access dysfunction. The C-index of the prediction model was 0.783, and the time-dependent AUC (>0.8) at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months post-surgery indicated strong discriminatory ability. The calibration curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow test demonstrated good agreement between the prediction of the nomogram and the observed values. The DCA and CIC curves further confirmed the clinical practicability of the model., Conclusion: A risk assessment model and nomogram for haemodialysis access dysfunction based on seven variables were successfully constructed. This model demonstrates good discrimination and calibration, offering valuable guidance for clinical decision-making and significant clinical utility., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Multi-omics has helped elucidate the gene expression patterns and genomic variations closely associated with economically significant traits in geese. Despite the substantial genomic data generated through extensive goose studies, a unified platform for integrating these datasets is lacking. To address this gap, we introduced the Goose Multi-omics Database (GMD), which is accessible at http://goosedb.com/. The GMD is a comprehensive resource enabling streamlined search, analysis, and visualization of genetic information through a unified interface, providing insights into phenotypic traits, gene sequences, structures, expression profiles, genomic variations, gene families, homology, and collinearity. Equipped with robust analytical tools such as GBrowse and BLAST, the GMD facilitates rapid access to target gene information, significantly enhancing the efficiency and productivity of genomic research. By serving as a versatile and intuitive online repository, the GMD offers transformative potential for advancing goose biology, fostering multi-omics investigations, and integrating cutting-edge methodologies such as deep learning to accelerate discoveries in goose genomics., Competing Interests: Disclosures The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: The colon and rectum are highly innervated, with neural components within the tumor microenvironment playing a significant role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. While perineural invasion (PNI) is associated with poor prognosis in CRC, the impact of nerve density and diameter on tumor behavior remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of nerve characteristics in CRC and to verify the impact of nerves on tumor growth., Methods: Tissue samples from 129 CRC patients were stained with immunofluorescent markers NF-L and S100B to detect nerves. Nerve diameter and density were measured and normalized. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression models were used to identify prognostic factors. Prognostic models were established using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to assess the predictive value of neural factors. A murine chemical denervation model was employed to disrupt sympathetic nerves using 6-hydroxydopamine, inhibit muscarinic receptor 3 with darifenacin, and ablate sensory neurons with capsaicin., Results: The total nerve density was 0.72 ± 0.59/mm², with intratumoral (0.42 ± 0.40/mm²) being significantly lower than extratumoral regions (1.00 ± 0.75/mm²). The average nerve diameter was 28.14 ± 6.04 μm, with no significant difference between intratumoral (28.2 ± 7.65 μm) and extratumoral regions (27.86 ± 6.72 μm). PNI was observed in 65 patients (50.4%). PNI and high normalized nerve density (NND) were associated with shorter overall survival and disease-free survival in CRC patients, with PNI identified as an independent prognostic factor. Patients with PNI exhibit higher NND. Incorporating PNI and NND into ROC curve analysis improved the sensitivity and specificity of survival predictions. In the murine model, chemical denervation of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nerves significantly reduced rectal tumor volume., Conclusions: PNI and NND are critical factors influencing CRC patient survival and enhance the accuracy of survival prediction models. Moreover, chemical denervation effectively inhibits rectal tumor growth in vivo, highlighting the potential of neural targeting as a therapeutic strategy in CRC., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Human Studies: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ren Ji Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University (No. KY2021-120-B). Informed consent was obtained from all patients. All procedures were performed in compliance with relevant laws and institutional guidelines and were approved by the Ethics Committee of Ren Ji Hospital. Animal Studies: The animal experiments performed in this study were approved by the Ethics Committee of Ren Ji Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University (No. RA-2021-387). All animal experiments complied with the ARRIVE guidelines and were conducted in accordance with the U.K. Animals Act, 1986, and associated guidelines. Consent for publication: Not appliable. Competing interests: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Chemical kinetics for second oxygen addition reactions (·QOOH + O 2 ) of long-chain alkanes are of great importance in low-temperature combustion technologies. However, kinetic data for key reactions of ·QOOH + O 2 systems are often difficult to obtain experimentally and are primarily estimated or calculated by using theoretical methods. In this work, barrier heights (BHs), reaction energies (Δ E s), and relative energies (REs) of stationary points for key reactions of two representative ·QOOH + O 2 systems in the low-temperature oxidation of n -butyl as well as pressure-dependent rate constants for the involved reactions are calculated with the high-level quantum chemical method CCSD(T)-F12b/CBS. These results can be employed in the development of low-temperature combustion mechanisms for n -butane and longer straight-chain alkanes. In addition, the performance of some quantum chemistry methods with a lower computational cost on BHs, Δ E s, and REs as well as rate constants is also investigated. Our results indicate that the maximum error on these energies with PNO-LCCSD(T)-F12a is within 1 kcal/mol, and rate constants with this method are in the best agreement with reference values, with a maximum relative error of about half the reference values. Due to its low computational cost and memory requirements, this method is strongly recommended for studying low-temperature combustion reactions involving larger hydrocarbon fuels.

Objectives: Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is a commonly reported pathogen which adapts to multiple hosts and causes critical disease burden at a global level. Here, we investigated a recently derived epidemic sublineage with multidrug resistance (MDR), which have caused extended time-period and cross-regional gastroenteritis outbreaks and even invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease (iNTS) in China., Methods: Whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) testing were applied to 729 Chinese S. Enteritidis isolates in relation to gastroenteritis outbreaks, gastrointestinal-sporadic and iNTS infections, spanning 28 years (1994-2021) in China. Phylogenomic analysis was performed to explore the population structure and evolutionary history of the Chinese isolates within a global context. Molecular investigations of AMR genes, virulence factors, mobile genetic elements and pan-genomes were also performed., Results: The Chinese S. Enteritidis collections exhibited a high level of multidrug resistance (MDR), including high resistance to nalidixic acid (97.67%). Notably, the multidrug resistance rate of iNTS strains has significantly increased over the past decade. Phylogenomic analysis showed that the majority of the Chinese isolates (98.63%) were distributed in the global pandemic lineage L1, while the other lineages were highly continent-specific. Particularly, the Chinese isolates were predominantly distributed in sublineages L1.2 (37.45%) and L1.3 (59.26%), forming two main Chinese clades (MCC1&2). The most recent common ancestor of MCC1&2 dated back to 1944 and 2004, respectively. The lineage L1, especially MCC1&2, harbored the most amount of AMR determinants and virulence genes, which was mainly due to the presence of a hybrid virulence-resistance plasmid and coexistence of different types of AMR plasmids in S. Enteritidis., Conclusions: S. Enteritidis has evolved unique clonal clusters, MCC1&2, with critical MDR in China, which phylogenetically constitute an extension of the globally epidemic lineage and were characterized by distinct genetic traits. These clades have induced extensive outbreaks of gastroenteritis and serious cases of iNTS in China, underscoring the pressing nature and severity of this public health crisis. Implementing the One-Health strategy, longstanding routine surveillance and further genomic epidemiological studies are urgently required to capture epidemics, monitor changes in bacterial populations and determine the consequent risk to global public health., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation has been implicated as a pathogenic mechanism in both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, the role of NETs in RA-associated ILD (RA-ILD) and the mechanisms driving NET formation remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the involvement of NETs in RA-ILD and elucidate the underlying mechanisms., Methods: Single-cell sequencing was used to identify changes in the quantity and function of neutrophils in the lung tissue of a zymosan A (ZYM)-induced interstitial pneumonia arthritis model. Additionally, nuclear receptor 4A3 (NR4A3) interference was performed in HL-60 cells to assess its impact on NET formation and the transformation of MRC-5 cells into myofibroblasts. The clinical relevance of plasma myeloperoxidase-DNA (MPO-DNA), citrullinated histone 3 (Cit-H3), and cell-free DNA was evaluated in RA-ILD patients with different imaging types via a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)., Results: In the ZYM-treated SKG mouse model, which recapitulates key features of RA-ILD, an increased population of neutrophils in the lung tissue was primarily responsible for NET formation. Mechanistically, we found that interference with NR4A3 expression enhanced NET formation in HL-60 cells, which in turn promoted the differentiation of MRC-5 cells into myofibroblasts. Clinically, plasma MPO-DNA levels are elevated in patients with RA-nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (RA-NSIP), whereas Cit-H3 levels are elevated in RA-usual interstitial pneumonia (RA-UIP) patients compared with healthy subjects. ROC curve analysis further revealed that the combination of plasma MPO-DNA, rheumatoid factor (RF), and anti-citrullinated protein (anti-CCP) and the combination of Cit-H3, RF, and anti-CCP were superior diagnostic panels for NSIP and UIP in RA-ILD patients, respectively. Moreover, compared with those from healthy controls, neutrophils from patients with RA-UIP and RA-NSIP demonstrated a significantly increased ability to form NETs and induce the differentiation of MRC-5 cells into myofibroblasts. Specifically, RA-UIP patients exhibited a greater capacity for NET formation and the differentiation of MRC-5 cells into myofibroblasts than did RA-NSIP patients., Conclusions: These findings suggest that targeting NETs may be a novel therapeutic approach for treating ILD in RA patients., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: All procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee for the Conduct of Human Research at General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (KYLL-2024-1033)). Informed consent was obtained from all patients for their data to be used for research. Consent for publication: Not Applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Background: Scarf osteotomy is a well-established procedure for hallux valgus, yet recurrence rates range from 3.6% to 10%. Pes planus, which often coexisting with hallux valgus, is a risk factor for recurrence. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of simultaneous correction of hallux valgus and flexible pes planus., Methods: A total of 85 feet with hallux valgus associated with adult flexible pes planus were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were treated with scarf osteotomy (SO). Subtalar arthroereisis using a HyProCure implant (SOH) was performed to correct hindfoot valgus based on shared decision-making. We collected and compared pre- and at least 2 year postoperative clinical outcomes (American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) forefoot, hindfoot score, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain intensity) and radiographic outcomes (hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), Meary's angle, talonavicular coverage angle (TNCA), and calcaneal pitch (CP) angle in both groups., Results: Of the cases reviewed, 51 feet were allocated to SO group, and 34 feet were in SOH group. Recurrence frequency was 5 feet (9.8%) in the SO group, while no recurrences were reported in the SOH group. There was no significant difference in AOFAS forefoot and VAS scores between the groups, However, the SOH group demonstrated significant improvement in AOFAS hindfoot scores and CP angle, as well as a greater reduction in Meary's angle and TNCA, compared to the SO group. Changes in HVA and IMA did not differ significantly between the groups. Three feet in the SOH group experienced sinus tarsi pain, which resolved after removal of the HyProCure implant., Conclusions: Subtalar arthroereisis with a HyProCure implant is an effective treatment option for adult flexible pes planus associated with scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus, leading to a steady improvement in the patients forefoot deformity and increased patient satisfaction at least 2 years postoperatively., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital [approval no. 2023-KY-011(K)]. Moreover, this study complied with the Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) for research involving humans. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Quality control (QC) in mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is mainly based on data-dependent acquisition (DDA) analysis of standard samples. Here, we collect 2754 files acquired by data independent acquisition (DIA) and paired 2638 DDA files from mouse liver digests using 21 mass spectrometers across nine laboratories over 31 months. Our data demonstrate that DIA-based LC-MS/MS-related consensus QC metrics exhibit higher sensitivity compared to DDA-based QC metrics in detecting changes in LC-MS status. We then prioritize 15 metrics and invite 21 experts to manually assess the quality of 2754 DIA files based on those metrics. We develop an AI model for DIA-based QC using 2110 training files. It achieves AUCs of 0.91 (LC) and 0.97 (MS) in the first validation dataset (n = 528), and 0.78 (LC) and 0.94 (MS) in an independent validation dataset (n = 116). Finally, we develop an offline software called iDIA-QC for convenient adoption of this methodology., Competing Interests: Competing interests: T.G. and Y. Zhu are shareholders of Westlake Omics Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Three patents related to iDIA-QC technologies have been filed. Two have been granted, with the numbers CN 114858958 B and CN 116106464 B, while the third is currently pending, with the application number CN 202210783026.2. Y.L., Z.N. and Y.L. are employees of Westlake Omics Inc. H.F. and M.C. are employees of Shanghai Luming Biological Technology Inc. Q.F. and J.T. are employees of Shanghai Applied Protein Technology co. ltd. C.C., X.L., X.L. and F.K. were employees of SCIEX China during this project. Z.G., Y. Q. and T.T. are employees of Thermo Fisher Scientific China while R.W., X.D., L.M. and M.W. are employees of Bruker Daltonics China. The remaining authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Multifunctional materials are accelerating the development of soft electronics with integrated capabilities including wearable physical sensing, efficient thermal management, and high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding. With outstanding mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, nanocarbon materials offer ample opportunities for designing multifunctional devices with broad applications. Surface and interfacial engineering have emerged as an effective approach to modulate interconnected structures, which may have tunable and synergistic effects for the precise control over mechanical, transport, and electromagnetic properties. This review presents a comprehensive summary of recent advances empowering the development of multifunctional nanocarbon materials via surface and interfacial engineering in the context of surface and interfacial engineering techniques, structural evolution, multifunctional properties, and their wide applications. Special emphasis is placed on identifying the critical correlations between interfacial structures across nanoscales, microscales, and macroscales and multifunctional properties. The challenges currently faced by the multifunctional nanocarbon materials are examined, and potential opportunities for applications are also revealed. We anticipate that this comprehensive review will promote the further development of soft electronics and trigger ideas for the interfacial design of nanocarbon materials in multidisciplinary applications.

Two novel mononuclear palladium(II) complexes, [PdL1Cl]Cl (1) and [PdL2Cl]Cl (2) with SNS-donor ligands [where L1 = N -(4-(benzo[ d ]oxazol-2-yl)phenyl)-2-(bis(2-ethylthioethyl)amino)acetamide, L2 = N -(4-(benzo[ d ]thiazol-2-yl)phenyl)-2-(bis(2-ethylthioethyl)amino)acetamide], were synthesized and characterized. In vitro antiproliferative activity tests showed that the two palladium(II) complexes displayed excellent antiproliferative activity against all tested cancer cell lines, especially human colon cancer HCT-116, human liver cancer HepG-2, and human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Spectacularly, complexes 1 and 2 exhibited approximately 8.49- and 6.88-fold higher antiproliferative activity, as compared with cisplatin, against HCT-116, respectively, but were less toxic to human normal colon fibroblast CCD-18Co cell lines with selectivity index (SI = IC 50 (CCD-18Co)/IC 50 (HCT-116)) values of 22.43 and 21.48 for 1 and 2, respectively, compared to that of cisplatin (SI, 1.74). These results suggested that the two palladium complexes have the potential to act as candidates for the treatment of colorectal cancer. The interaction of the complexes with CT-DNA and pUC19 plasmid DNA illustrated that both 1 and 2 could strongly bind to the DNA helix via an intercalative mode and covalent interaction and perturb the tertiary structure of DNA, where the DNA binding affinity of 1 was slightly higher than that of 2. Additionally, investigations of the reaction of the two complexes with 5'-GMP and glutathione (GSH) showed that both 1 and 2 could readily react with 5'-GMP and GSH to form Pd-GMP adducts and Pd-GS adducts, respectively, and when 5'-GMP and GSH coexisted, the coordination binding of the complexes with GSH did not prevent the formation of the Pd-GMP adducts. Moreover, Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the two palladium(II) complexes arrested HCT-116 cells mainly at the G2/M phase, induced mitochondrial-membrane depolarization, increased ROS generation, and triggered obvious cell apoptosis.

Ecosystem multifunctionality denotes the capacity of an ecosystem to deliver various functions and services concurrently, emphasizing the overall effectiveness of these functions. Although biodiversity is intrinsically linked to ecosystem multifunctionality, research on the determinants of changes in this relationship remains limited. This study focused on 147 research plots across various ecosystems in the Lüliang region. Through high-throughput sequencing and data modeling, it was revealed that there exists a significant positive correlation between soil fungal biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality (P < 0.05). Notably, this correlation was found to be influenced by specialists and vegetation diversity. The specific results supporting this finding are presented as follows: 1) By means of linear regression and the establishment of various models, it was indicated that specialists exert a more substantial influence on the fungal biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality (BEF) relationship compared to generalists. 2) Moving window analysis demonstrated that changes in vegetation diversity affected BEF relationships within fungal communities, leading to synergistic shifts. As vegetation diversity increased, co-occurrence networks generally simplified, and the positive fungal BEF correlation was somewhat decreased. This study enhances the comprehension of fungal BEF relationships in natural ecosystems and provides a foundation for the development of effective management and conservation strategies in response to global changes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Lead-free halide double perovskites provide a promising solution for the long-standing issues of lead-containing halide perovskites, i.e., the toxicity of Pb and the low stability under ambient conditions and high-intensity illumination. Their light-to-electricity or thermal-to-electricity conversion is strongly determined by the dynamics of the corresponding lattice vibrations. Here, the measurement of lattice dynamics is presented in a prototypical lead-free halide double perovskite(Cs 2 NaInCl 6 ). The quantitative measurements and first-principles calculations show that the scatterings among lattice vibrations at room temperature are at the timescale of ≈1 ps, which stems from the extraordinarily strong anharmonicity in Cs 2 NaInCl 6 . Further the degree of anharmonicity of each type of atom is quantitatively characterized in the Cs 2 NaInCl 6 single crystal, which stems from the interatomic forces, and demonstrate that this strong anharmonicity is synergistically contributed by the bond hierarchy, the tilting of the NaCl 6 and InCl 6 octahedral units, and the rattling of Cs + ions. Consequently, the crystalline Cs 2 NaInCl 6 possesses an ultralow thermal conductivity of ≈0.43 W mK -1 at room temperature, and a weak temperature dependence of T -0.41 . These findings uncovered the underlying mechanisms behind the dynamics of lattice vibrations in double perovskites, which can largely benefit the design of optoelectronics and thermoelectrics based on halide double perovskites., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background/Objectives: Non-viral vectors have gained recognition for their ability to enhance the safety of gene delivery processes. Among these, polyethyleneimine (PEI) stands out as the most widely utilized cationic polymer due to its accessibility. Traditional methods of modifying PEI, such as ligand conjugation, chemical derivatization, and cross-linking, are associated with intricate preparation procedures, limited transfection efficiency, and suboptimal biocompatibility. Methods: In this investigation, enhanced transfection efficiency was achieved through the straightforward physical blending of PEI carriers with spermine. Results: Transfection assays explored the maximal enhancement potential conferred by spermine, alongside further methodological refinements aimed at optimizing transfection efficacy, showcasing a potential increase of up to 40.7%. Through the comparison of different addition sequences of spermine, the optimal complex PEI/Spermine/DNA for transfection efficiency was selected. Characterization of PEI/Spermine/DNA revealed that, compared to PEI/DNA, its particle size increased to approximately 150 nm. Molecular dynamics simulation results revealed that spermine can enhance the interaction between PEI and DNA, thereby forming a system with lower energy and greater stability. Mechanistic inquiries studies also disclosed that spermine augments the endosomal escape capability of PEI carriers without altering pathways involved in the cellular uptake of gene nanoparticles, thereby facilitating heightened gene expression. Conclusions: PEI-Sper emerges as a promising non-viral vector for gene delivery, distinguished by its simplicity in preparation, cost-effectiveness, and superior transfection efficiency.

The intricate multi-level microstructure of starch, formed through extensive inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonds, significantly influences the processability and performance of starch-based products. Consequently, the ability to effectively manipulate the multi-level microstructure holds substantial implications for the development of biomass products. This study introduces a novel approach utilizing high-frequency electric field (HFE) to produce a transparent and robust starch product. HFE facilitates the deconstruction of hydrogen bonds under low-temperature conditions through the synergistic effect of the electric field and water motion, resulting in a decrease of Va crystalline content by up to 20.3 %. This method offers advantages in enhancing starch plasticization efficiency and minimizing degradation caused by thermomechanical action in conventional processing techniques. The synergistic effect also promotes the reconstruction of hydrogen bonds within the materials, leading to improved mechanical properties and transparency of the starch products. The resulting products exhibited a tensile strength of 16.36 MPa and a toughness of 2.21 J/m 3 , comparable to those of commercial plastics. This research presents a promising approach for the fabrication of high-performance bio-based polymer materials., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing financial interest., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Non-compressible hemostasis and promoting tissue healing are important in soft tissue trauma repair. Inorganic aerogels show superior performance in rapid hemostasis or promoting tissue healing, but simultaneously promoting non-compressive hemostasis and soft tissue healing still remains a challenge. Herein, SiO 2 -based inorganic nanofiber aerogels (M 2+ @SiO 2 , M=Ca, Mg, and Sr) were prepared by freeze-drying the mixture of bioactive silicates-deposited SiO 2 nanofibers and SiO 2 sol. These M 2+ @SiO 2 aerogels have a three-dimensional highly-interconnected porous structure, remarkable flexibility, high absorption, good hydrophilicity, negative zeta potential, and bioactive ions releasing capacity. M 2+ @SiO 2 aerogels not only exhibited satisfactory hemostasis activities in vitro, but also possessed high hemostatic efficacy in compressible rabbit femoral artery injury bleeding model and non-compressible rat liver puncture bleeding model compared to medical gauze and gelatin sponge. M 2+ @SiO 2 aerogel had low blood clotting index of Ca. 10 % and short partial thromboplastin time of ca. 82 s in vitro, and could greatly short bleeding time by >50 % and decrease blood loss by about 80 % compared to medical gauze and gelatin sponge in non-compressible hemostasis. Sr 2+ @SiO 2 aerogel showed optimal bioactivities on promoting cell proliferation, cell migration, and the expression of liver function and angiogenesis related genes and proteins in vitro. Importantly, Sr 2+ @SiO 2 aerogel possessed a noteworthy function to promote liver soft tissue healing in vivo by releasing bioactive ions and providing a highly-interconnected porous structure to support vascular development and tissue regeneration. Overall, Sr 2+ @SiO 2 aerogel has great potential for integrated rapid hemostasis and soft tissue healing, which is promising in soft tissue trauma therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Non-compressible hemorrhage and soft tissue impairment are the main causes of mortality in emergency trauma. Inorganic aerogels with high porosity and outstanding flexibility can rapidly absorb blood to pro-coagulation and fill in irregular trauma without compression, but the low bioactivity limited the ability to promote soft tissue healing. Herein, SiO 2 -based inorganic nanofiber aerogels (M 2+ @SiO 2 , M=Ca, Mg, and Sr) were prepared by freeze-drying the mixture of bioactive silicates-deposited SiO 2 nanofibers and SiO 2 sol. M 2+ @SiO 2 aerogels possessed high bioactivity and exhibited superior hemostatic performance in compressible and non-compressible bleeding model. Furthermore, Sr 2+ @SiO 2 aerogel showed optimal bioactivities on cell responses and effectively promoted liver healing by releasing bioactive ions and providing highly-interconnected porous support structure for vascular development and tissue regeneration., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This paper emphasizes the critical role of electrolyte selection in enhancing the electrochemical performance of nonaqueous Li-O 2 batteries (LOBs). It provides a comprehensive overview of various electrolyte types and their effects on the electrochemical performance for LOBs, offering insights for future electrolyte screening and design. Despite recent advancements, current electrolyte systems exhibit inadequate stability, necessitating the urgent quest for an ideal nonaqueous electrolyte. Such an electrolyte should demonstrate superior physicochemical and electrochemical stability, particularly in the presence of superoxide radicals (O 2 - ), with high oxygen solubility, rapid diffusion rates, and the capability to form a stable SEI film on the lithium anode. The paper advocates for further research in three key areas: the selection of suitable electrolytes, the construction of stable electrode/electrolyte interfaces, and the mechanistic exploration of byproduct formation. Addressing these challenges will advance the development of electrolyte technology for LOBs, paving the way for its commercialization and broad application., (© 2025 The Chemical Society of Japan and Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Four new alkaloids, meloformisine A (1), meloformine B (2), meloformine F (3), meloformine G (4), along with five known alkaloids (5-9) were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Melodinus fusiformis. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic evidence, including 1D and 2D NMR, MS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The structure of 1 was a novel indole alkaloid with an unprecedented 6/5/5/5/5 pentacyclic skeleton. The evaluation of inhibition activity against human A-549, MCF-7, and K-562 cell lines showed that compounds 1, 2, 6 and 8 exhibited different levels of cytotoxic activities, with IC 50 values ranging from 8.72 to 47.32 μM, respectively., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Interfacial ferroelectricity emerges in non-centrosymmetric heterostructures consisting of non-polar van der Waals (vdW) layers. Ferroelectricity with concomitant Coulomb screening can switch topological currents or superconductivity and simulate synaptic response. So far, it has only been realized in bilayer graphene moiré superlattices, posing stringent requirements to constituent materials and twist angles. Here we report ferroelectricity with concomitant Coulomb screening in different vdW heterostructures free of moiré interfaces containing monolayer graphene, boron nitride (BN) and transition metal chalcogenide layers. We observe a ferroelectric hysteretic response in a BN/monolayer graphene/BN, as well as in BN/WSe 2 /monolayer graphene/WSe 2 /BN heterostructure, but also when replacing the stacking fault-containing BN with multilayer twisted MoS 2 , a prototypical sliding ferroelectric. Our control experiments exclude alternative mechanisms, such that we conclude that ferroelectricity originates from stacking faults in the BN flakes. Hysteretic switching occurs when a conductive ferroelectric screens the gating field electrically and controls the monolayer graphene through its polarization field. Our results relax some of the material and design constraints for device applications based on sliding ferroelectricity and should enable memory device or the combination with diverse vdW materials with superconducting, topological or magnetic properties., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Argonaute proteins are categorized into AGO and PIWI clades. Across most animal species, AGO-clade proteins are widely expressed in various cell types, and regulate normal gene expression 1 . By contrast, PIWI-clade proteins predominantly function during gametogenesis to suppress transposons and ensure fertility 1,2 . Both clades use nucleic acid guides for target recognition by means of base pairing, crucial for initiating target silencing, often through direct cleavage. AGO-clade proteins use a narrow channel to secure a tight guide-target interaction 3 . By contrast, PIWI proteins feature a wider channel that potentially allows mismatches during pairing, broadening target silencing capability 4,5 . However, the mechanism of PIWI-mediated target cleavage remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that after target binding, PIWI proteins undergo a conformational change from an 'open' state to a 'locked' state, facilitating base pairing and enhancing target cleavage efficiency. This transition involves narrowing of the binding channel and repositioning of the PIWI-interacting RNA-target duplex towards the MID-PIWI lobe, establishing extensive contacts for duplex stabilization. During this transition, we also identify an intermediate 'comma-shaped' conformation, which might recruit GTSF1, a known auxiliary protein that enhances PIWI cleavage activity 6 . GTSF1 facilitates the transition to the locked state by linking the PIWI domain to the RNA duplex, thereby expediting the conformational change critical for efficient target cleavage. These findings explain the molecular mechanisms underlying PIWI-PIWI-interacting RNA complex function in target RNA cleavage, providing insights into how dynamic conformational changes from PIWI proteins coordinate cofactors to safeguard gametogenesis., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Aim: Frailty is an important risk factor for a wide range of chronic diseases and for mortality risk. This study aims to explore the relationship between frailty and incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly on the change and accumulation of frailty., Methods: Frailty status was assessed using the frailty index (FI, constructed by 31 items) and categorized as robust, pre-frail, and frail. The accumulation and change in frailty were assessed on the basis of frailty status at baseline and a second survey 4 years after baseline. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between frailty and developing CKD., Results: A total of 3597 participants (mean age: 59.08 ± 8.94 years old, male: 49.9%) from CHARLS were included. Participants with pre-frailty or frailty status had a higher risk of developing CKD compared with robust participants (pre-frail vs robust, OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.37-2.32, p < 0.001; frail vs robust, OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.67-3.79, p < 0.001). Participants who had a robust status in the two surveys had a significantly lower risk of developing CKD (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.36-0.75, p < 0.001) compared with those who never had a robust status., Conclusion: Frailty status is significantly associated with the incidence of CKD. The risk of CKD was lower in those who ever had a robust status than in participants who never had a robust status., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Ethical approval: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Peking University. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from each participant in the cohort. Consent for publication: All the authors have reviewed the final version of the manuscript and approve it for publication., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Geriatric Medicine Society.)

Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are pivotal phase II metabolic enzymes facilitating the transfer of glucuronic acid from UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA) to various substrates. UGTs are classic type I transmembrane glycoproteins, mainly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. This review comprehensively explores UGTs, encompassing gene expression, functional characteristics, substrate specificity, and metabolic mechanisms. A recent analysis of C-terminal structures, compared with original data, underscores the pivotal role of α3, α4, and β4 functional domains in selectively recognizing diverse glycosyl donors. Accumulating evidence suggests that UGTs function as homo- and heterodimers, with oligomers likely stabilizing UGTs and modulating their activity. The review sheds light on the implications of UGT oligomerization on substrate glucuronidation and the interplay between protein-protein interaction and glucuronidation activity. UGT-mediated drug resistance, often underestimated, emerges as a clinically relevant form of chemical resistance, with delineated outcomes in tumors and other diseases. This review provides a multifaceted exploration of the physiological significance of UGTs, spanning genetics, proteins, oligomerization, drug resistance, and more, offering insights into their metabolic mechanisms. Understanding interactions between UGT isoforms is crucial for predicting drug-drug interactions, preventing drug toxicity, and enabling precision treatment., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The performance of nanomaterials is significantly determined by the interfacial microenvironment, in which a surfactant plays an essential role as the adsorbent, but its involvement in the interfacial reaction is often overlooked. Here, it was discovered that citrate and ascorbic acid, the two primarily used surfactants for colloidal gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), can spontaneously undergo catalytic reaction with trace-level nitrogenous residue under ambient environment to form oxime, which is subsequently cleaved to generate CN - or a compound containing the -CN group. Such a catalytic reaction shows wide universality in both reactants, including various carbonaceous and nitrogenous sources, and metal catalysts, including Au, Ag, Fe, Cu, Ni, Pt, and Pd NPs. Furthermore, with the removal of this reaction, adsorbed CO with diverse adsorption configurations was observed via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy under ambient conditions without an applied potential. Our work highlights the non-negligible significance of surfactants in interfacial microenvironments and provides crucial insights into the fundamental understanding of interfacial chemical reactions.

Understanding the integration of transgene DNA (T-DNA) in transgenic crops, animals, and clinical applications is paramount for ensuring the stability and expression of inserted genes, which directly influence desired traits and therapeutic outcomes. Analyzing T-DNA integration patterns is essential for identifying potential unintended effects and evaluating the safety and environmental implications of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). This knowledge is crucial for regulatory compliance and fostering public trust in biotechnology by demonstrating transparency in genetic modifications. This review highlights recent advancements in T-DNA integration analysis, specifically focusing on targeted DNA enrichment and sequencing strategies. We examine key technologies, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods, hybridization capture, RNA/DNA-guided endonuclease-mediated enrichment, and high-throughput resequencing, emphasizing their contributions to enhancing precision and efficiency in transgene integration analysis. We discuss the principles, applications, and recent developments in these techniques, underscoring their critical role in advancing biotechnological products. Additionally, we address the existing challenges and future directions in the field, offering a comprehensive overview of how innovative DNA-targeted enrichment and sequencing strategies are reshaping biotechnology and genomics.

A future unmanned system needs the ability to perceive, decide and control in an open dynamic environment. In order to fulfill this requirement, it needs to construct a method with a universal environmental perception ability. Moreover, this perceptual process needs to be interpretable and understandable, so that future interactions between unmanned systems and humans can be unimpeded. However, current mainstream DNN (deep learning neural network)-based AI (artificial intelligence) is a 'black box'. We cannot interpret or understand how the decision is made by these AIs. An SNN (spiking neural network), which is more similar to a biological brain than a DNN, has the potential to implement interpretable or understandable AI. In this work, we propose a neuron group-based structural learning method for an SNN to better capture the spatial and temporal information from the external environment, and propose a time-slicing scheme to better interpret the spatial and temporal information of responses generated by an SNN. Results show that our method indeed helps to enhance the environment perception ability of the SNN, and possesses a certain degree of robustness, enhancing the potential to build an interpretable or understandable AI in the future.

The placenta, serving as the crucial link between maternal and infant, plays a pivotal role in maintaining a healthy pregnancy. Placental dysplasia can lead to various complications, underscoring the importance of understanding trophoblast lineage development. During peri-implantation, the trophectoderm undergoes differentiation into cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast, and extravillous trophoblast. However, the specification and regulation of human trophoblast lineage during embryo implantation, particularly in the peri-implantation phase, remain to be explored. In this study, we employed a co-culture model of human endometrial cells and native embryos and analyzed the single-cell transcriptomic data of 491 human embryonic trophoblasts during E6 to E10 to identify the key regulatory factors and the lineage differentiation process during peri-implantation. Our data identified four cell subpopulations during the implantation, including a specific transitional state toward the differentiation in which the CTNND1, one crucial component of Wnt signaling pathway activated by cadherins, acted as a crucial factor. Knockdown of CTNND1 impacted the proliferative capacity of human trophoblast stem cells, leading to early extravillous trophoblast-like differentiation. Intriguingly, ablation of CTNND1 compromised the terminal differentiation of human trophoblast stem cells toward syncytiotrophoblast or extravillous trophoblast in vitro. These findings contribute valuable insights into trophoblast lineage dynamics and offer a reference for research on placental-related diseases., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for the Study of Reproduction. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)