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Rapid industrialization and urbanization in canal areas have led to significant conversion in production-living-ecological space (PLES), yielding short-term social-economic benefits but causing serious ecological degradation. However, the complex and dynamic interactions between PLES and ecosystem function remain underexplored, despite their importance for guiding sustainable canal development. Therefore, we analyzed the dynamic changes in PLES and ecosystem service value (ESV) in the Jiangsu section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, along with their interrelationships. By optimizing the ESV evaluation model to incorporate natural, social, and economic factors, we examined the spatiotemporal evolution of PLES and ESV from 2000 to 2020. Finally, we quantified the dynamic response of ESV to PLES using contribution rate factors and identified trade-offs and synergies among ESV indicators. Over the past two decades, ecological space (ES) expanded by only 5.31 %, yet contributing 94.36 % of total ESV growth. Despite fluctuations during 2005–2010, synergies among various ESV types remained largely stable. The regulation service shows the most significant response to the conversion of PLES, with an increase in ES’s ESV of CNY 67.87 billion over 20 years, representing 75.34 % of total ESV growth. Notably, the hydrologic regulation contributes substantially, with an increase in ES’s ESV of CNY 60.87 billion, accounting for 67.57 % of total ESV growth. Our findings provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development and resource management in canal areas.

Phytophagous insects have evolved sophisticated detoxification systems to overcome the antiherbivore chemical defenses produced by many plants. However, how these biotransformation systems differ in generalist and specialist insect species and their role in determining insect host plant range remains an open question. Here, we show that UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs) play a key role in determining the host range of insect species within the Spodoptera genus. Comparative genomic analyses of Spodoptera species that differ in host plant breadth identified a relatively conserved number of UGT genes in generalist species but high levels of UGT gene pseudogenization in the specialist Spodoptera picta. CRISPR-Cas9 knockouts of the three main UGT gene clusters of Spodoptera frugiperda revealed that UGT33 genes play an important role in allowing this species to utilize the poaceous plants maize, wheat, and rice, while UGT40 genes facilitate utilization of cotton. Further functional analyses in vivo and in vitro identified the UGT SfUGT33F32 as the key mechanism that allows generalist S. frugiperda to detoxify the benzoxazinoid DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one), a potent insecticidal phytotoxin produced by poaceous plants. However, while this detoxification capacity is conserved in several generalist Spodoptera species, Spodoptera picta, which specializes on Crinum plants, is unable to detoxify DIMBOA due to a nonfunctionalizing mutation in SpUGT33F34. Collectively, these findings provide insight into the role of insect UGTs in host plant adaptation, the mechanistic basis of evolutionary transitions between generalism and specialism and offer molecular targets for controlling a group of notorious insect pests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is increasingly being recognized as an advantageous alternative for treating non-union due to its efficacy and minimal associated complications. Non-union following Bernese periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is particularly challenging, with a reported 55% delayed union and 8% non-union. Herein, we highlight a unique case of ischial non-union post-PAO treated successfully with a structured ESWT regimen., Case Summary: A 50-year-old patient, diagnosed with left ischial non-union following the PAO, underwent six cycles of ESWT treatment across ten months. Each cycle, spaced four weeks apart, consisted of five consecutive ESWT sessions without anesthesia. Regular X-ray follow-ups showed progressive disappearance of the fracture line and fracture union. The patient ultimately achieved a satisfactory asymptomatic recovery and bone union., Conclusion: The results from this case suggest that this ESWT regimen can be a promising non-invasive treatment strategy for non-union following PAO., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)