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BACKGROUND: Both radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy are effective in controlling the condition of patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer (HRPCa). However, there is limited research on the prognosis and quality of life of HRPCa patients after different treatment modalities. OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy of radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiotherapy (RT), when treating high-risk prostate cancer (HRPCa). METHODS: Overall 103 HRPCa patients were included and were divided into RP group and RT group according to different treatment methods. The propensity score matching method (PSM) was used to balance the baseline data of the two groups and match 34 patients in each group. The prognosis, quality of life, and basic efficacy of patients were compared. RESULTS: After intervention, the disease-free survival rate of the RT group was higher than that of the RP group (79.41% vs. 55.88%, p = 0.038). Quality of life scores between the two treatment methods had no difference before intervention (p > 0.05), but higher in RT group than that of the RP group after intervention (p < 0.05). After treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in total effective rate of treatment between two groups (44.12% vs. 58.82%, p > 0.05), but the disease control rate was significantly higher in RT group (94.12% vs. 76.47%, p = 0.040). CONCLUSION: Radical radiotherapy is effective in the clinical treatment of HRPCa patients, with a higher disease-free survival rate and improved quality of life after treatment, and is worth promoting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) has become the highest incidence of malignant tumor among men in the world. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is necessary for tumor growth. M2 macrophages play an important role in many solid tumors. This research aimed at the role of M2 macrophages' prognosis value in PCa., Methods: Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data and mRNA expression data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Quality control, normalization, reduction, clustering, and cell annotation of scRNA-seq data were preformed using the Seruat package. The sub-populations of the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were analysis and the marker genes of M2 macrophage were selected. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PCa were identified using limma and the immune infiltration was detected using CIBERSORTx. Then, a weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was constructed to identify the M2 macrophage-related modules and genes. Integration of the marker genes of M2 macrophage from scRNA-seq data analysis and hub genes from WGCNA to select the prognostic gene signature based on Univariate and LASSO regression analysis. The risk score was calculated, and the DEGs, biological function, immune characteristics related to risk score were explored. And a predictive nomogram was constructed. CCK8, Transwell, and wound healing were used to verify cell phenotype changes after co-cultured., Results: A total of 2431 marker genes of M2 macrophage and 650 hub M2 macrophage-related genes were selected based on scRNA-seq data and WGCNA. Then, 113 M2 macrophage-related genes were obtained by overlapping the scRNA-seq data and WGCNA results. Nine M2 macrophage-related genes (SMOC2, PLPP1, HES1, STMN1, GPR160, ABCG1, MAZ, MYC, and EPCAM) were screened as prognostic gene signatures. M2 risk score was calculated, the DEGs, Immune score, stromal score, ESTIMATE score, tumor purity, and immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint expression, and responses of immunotherapy and chemotherapy were identified. And a predictive nomogram was constructed. CCK8, Transwell invasion, and wound healing further verified that M2 macrophages promoted the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PCa ( p  < 0.05)., Conclusions: We uncovered that M2 macrophages and relevant genes played key roles in promoting the occurrence, development, and metastases of PCa and played as convincing predictors in PCa.