Search

Serving deep learning (DL) models on relational data has become a critical requirement across diverse commercial and scientific domains, sparking growing interest recently. In this visionary paper, we embark on a comprehensive exploration of representative architectures to address the requirement. We highlight three pivotal paradigms: The state-of-the-art DL-centric architecture offloads DL computations to dedicated DL frameworks. The potential UDF-centric architecture encapsulates one or more tensor computations into User Defined Functions (UDFs) within the relational database management system (RDBMS). The potential relation-centric architecture aims to represent a large-scale tensor computation through relational operators. While each of these architectures demonstrates promise in specific use scenarios, we identify urgent requirements for seamless integration of these architectures and the middle ground in-between these architectures. We delve into the gaps that impede the integration and explore innovative strategies to close them. We present a pathway to establish a novel RDBMS for enabling a broad class of data-intensive DL inference applications.

Qianfeng Liu,* Kangbi Wu, Xiaofang Lin, Kali Xiang,* Jing Wang* Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi City, Hubei, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Kali Xiang; Jing Wang, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, No. 158 Wuyang Avenue, Enshi City, Hubei, 445000, People’s Republic of China, Email xkl18963926688@163.com; 366413620@qq.comBackGround: Considerable studies have demonstrated a significant association between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and clinical adverse events in cardiovascular or respiratory diseases, infections, and pulmonary embolism. However, there are limited data on prognostic predictions for patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods: This study conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using data gathered from patients who diagnosed with COPD in the respiratory department of The Central hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture between 2018 and 2021. Specifically, the RDW was recorded on their first admission. Multivariate logistic regression analysis were employed to examine the correlation between RDW and deterioration of COPD within one-year period.Results: The cohort of 1799 patients in the study comprised 74.7% male and had an average age of 68.9 ± 9.9 years. The fully adjusted model revealed that, the RDW-middle group (≤ 13.7,> 12.8; OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0– 2.3, p=0.055) and the RDW-high group (> 13.7; OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1– 2.6, p=0.013) had a 50% and 70% increased risk of deterioration within 1 year, respectively, in comparison with the RDW-low group (≤ 12.8). Subgroup analysis indicated that this trend was more significant in patients with hypertension (p for interaction = 0.016), and the probability of deterioration within 1 year in the RDW-high group was 3.3 times higher compared to the RDW-low group (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.4– 7.9, p=0.008).Conclusion: A significant association was observed between the increase in RDW and the heightened risk of deterioration within a year in patients diagnosed with COPD. Most importantly, our findings suggested the importance of RDW in enhancing the risk stratification and prevention of deterioration of COPD.Keywords: red blood cell distribution width, COPD, prognosis, deterioration, risk stratification

Junhai Zhen,1 Chuan Liu,2 Jixiang Zhang,2 Fei Liao,2 Huabing Xie,1 Cheng Tan,2 Ping An,2 Zhongchun Liu,3 Changqing Jiang,4 Jie Shi,5 Kaichun Wu,6 Weiguo Dong2 1Department of General Practice, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Medical Psychology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army Rocket Army Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100032, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Kaichun Wu, Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +8629-84771600, Email kaicwu@fmmu.edu.cn Weiguo Dong, Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +8627-88041911, Email dongweiguo@whu.edu.cnPurpose: Impaired quality of life (QOL) is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A tool to more quickly identify IBD patients at high risk of impaired QOL improves opportunities for earlier intervention and improves long-term prognosis. The purpose of this study was to use a machine learning (ML) approach to develop risk stratification models for evaluating IBD-related QOL impairments.Patients and Methods: An online questionnaire was used to collect clinical data on 2478 IBD patients from 42 hospitals distributed across 22 provinces in China from September 2021 to May 2022. Eight ML models used to predict the risk of IBD-related QOL impairments were developed and validated. Model performance was evaluated using a set of indexes and the best ML model was explained using a Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) algorithm.Results: The support vector machine (SVM) classifier algorithm-based model outperformed other ML models with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and an accuracy of 0.80 and 0.71, respectively. The feature importance calculated by the SVM classifier algorithm revealed that glucocorticoid use, anxiety, abdominal pain, sleep disorders, and more severe disease contributed to a higher risk of impaired QOL, while longer disease course and the use of biological agents and immunosuppressants were associated with a lower risk.Conclusion: An ML approach for assessing IBD-related QOL impairments is feasible and effective. This mechanism is a promising tool for gastroenterologists to identify IBD patients at high risk of impaired QOL.Keywords: clinical research, artificial intelligence, model development, clinical decision support system

Qiming Gan,1,* Quanzhen Liu,1,2,* Yanjuan Wu,1,* Xiaofeng Zhu,1,2 Jingcun Wang,1 Xiaofen Su,1 Dongxing Zhao,1 Nuofu Zhang,1 Kang Wu1 1State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Disease, Department of Sleep Medicine Center, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510160, People’s Republic of China; 2Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Kang Wu; Nuofu Zhang, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Medicine Center, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 28 Qiaozhong Mid Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510160, People’s Republic of China, Email d102_wk@126.com; nfzhanggird@163.comPurpose: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) had been associated with asthma in observational studies, but the effect of OSA on the onset of asthma in childhood or adulthood remains unclear, and the causal inferences have not been confirmed. This study aims to investigate the potential causal association between OSA with asthma, including different age-of-onset subtypes, providing reliable basis for the clinical treatment of OSA and asthma.Patients and Methods: Causality between OSA and asthma was assessed using a two-sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. OSA data were obtained from the FinnGen consortium R9, while asthma and its subtypes (adult-onset asthma, child-onset asthma, and moderate-to-severe asthma) were sourced from the IEU OpenGWAS project. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was chosen as the primary analysis and was complemented by various sensitivity analyses. The MR-PRESSO outlier test was employed to systematically identify and remove outlier variants, mitigating heterogeneity and potential effects of horizontal pleiotropy.Results: The MR analyses provided evidence of genetically predicted OSA having a promoting effect on child-onset asthma (OR,1.49; 95% CI, 1.05– 2.11; P=0.025) and moderate-to-severe asthma (OR,1.03; 95% CI, 1.00– 1.06; P=0.046). However, no causal association between OSA with asthma and adult-onset asthma was observed.Conclusion: Our study revealed a causal association between OSA and child asthma, but not in adults. Moderate-to-severe asthma may have a potential promoting effect on OSA. These findings underscore the importance of age-specific considerations in managing asthma and suggests the need for personalized approaches in clinical practice.Keywords: asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, Mendelian randomization, genetic

Shulin Wei,1,2,* Mingxing Li,1,2,* Qin Wang,1,2,* Yueshui Zhao,1,2 Fukuan Du,1,2 Yu Chen,1,2 Shuai Deng,1,2 Jing Shen,1,2 Ke Wu,1,2 Jiayue Yang,1,2 Yuhong Sun,1 Li Gu,1 Xiaobing Li,1 Wanping Li,1 Meijuan Chen,1 Xiao Ling,3 Lei Yu,3 Zhangang Xiao,1,2 Lishu Dong,3 Xu Wu1,2 1Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China; 2South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Obstetrics, Luzhou Maternal & Child Health Hospital (Luzhou Second People’s Hospital), Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Lishu Dong, Department of Obstetrics, Luzhou Maternal & Child Health Hospital (Luzhou Second People’s Hospital), Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China, Email 1275607519@qq.com Xu Wu, Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, People’s Republic of China, Email wuxulz@126.comAbstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, which has a high recurrence rate and is incurable due to a lack of effective treatment. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a class of pluripotent stem cells that have recently received a lot of attention due to their strong self-renewal ability and immunomodulatory effects, and a large number of experimental and clinical models have confirmed the positive therapeutic effect of MSCs on IBD. In preclinical studies, MSC treatment for IBD relies on MSCs paracrine effects, cell-to-cell contact, and its mediated mitochondrial transfer for immune regulation. It also plays a therapeutic role in restoring the intestinal mucosal barrier through the homing effect, regulation of the intestinal microbiome, and repair of intestinal epithelial cells. In the latest clinical trials, the safety and efficacy of MSCs in the treatment of IBD have been confirmed by transfusion of autologous or allogeneic bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose MSCs, as well as their derived extracellular vesicles. However, regarding the stable and effective clinical use of MSCs, several concerns emerge, including the cell sources, clinical management (dose, route and frequency of administration, and pretreatment of MSCs) and adverse reactions. This article comprehensively summarizes the effects and mechanisms of MSCs in the treatment of IBD and its advantages over conventional drugs, as well as the latest clinical trial progress of MSCs in the treatment of IBD. The current challenges and future directions are also discussed. This review would add knowledge into the understanding of IBD treatment by applying MSCs.Keywords: mesenchymal stem cells, immunomodulation, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, cell therapy

Jing-Chun Xia,1,2,* Yu-Cheng Huang,1,2,* Ke Wu,1,2 Jian Pang,1,2 Ying Shi1,2 1Shi’s Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jian Pang; Ying Shi, Email pangjian@shutcm.edu.cn; shiying1974@126.comPurpose: Chinese herbal medicine and electroacupuncture (EA) have been used to control pain for many decades in China. We aim to explore the efficacy of intervening patients whose discogenic sciatica symptoms lasting longer than 3 months with these conservative treatments.Patients and Methods: This is a single-center, parallel-group, patient-unblinded Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) with blinded outcome assessment and statistician. One hundred and twenty-four patients will be assigned randomly into 2 groups including conservative treatment group (Shenxie Zhitong capsule combined with EA treatment) and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, NSAIDs) control group (Celecoxib) in a 1:1 ratio. The trial involves a 4-week treatment along with follow-up for 6 months. The primary outcome is the leg pain intensity measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS) at 6 months after randomization. Secondary outcomes include leg pain intensity at other time points, back pain intensity, leg pain and back pain frequency, functional status, quality of life, return to work status and satisfaction of patients. Adverse events will also be recorded.Strengths and Limitations of This Study: Through this study, we want to observe the efficacy of electroacupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine on pain intensity for chronic sciatica secondary to Lumbar Disc Herniation. If the final results are favorable, it is expected to be a safe, economical, and effective treatment for patients. The study design has the following limitations: the setup of control group was less than perfect; patients and doctors could not be blinded in this trial; we skipped the feasibility study. We have tried our best to minimize adverse impacts.Trial Registration: ChiCTR2300070884 (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, http://www.chictr.org.cn, registered on 25th April 2023).Keywords: sciatica of lumbar disc herniation, shenxie zhitong capsule, electroacupuncture treatment, celecoxib, single-center randomized controlled trial, protocol

Kangze Wu, Feizhuan Lin Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Feizhuan Lin, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China, Email linfeizhuan@163.comAbstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as a severe malignant tumor with a profound impact on overall health, often accompanied by an unfavorable prognosis. Despite some advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, improving the prognosis of HCC remains a formidable challenge. It is noteworthy that lipid metabolism plays a pivotal role in the onset, development, and progression of tumor cells. Existing research indicates the potential application of targeting lipid metabolism in the treatment of HCC. This review aims to thoroughly explore the alterations in lipid metabolism in HCC, offering a detailed account of the potential advantages associated with innovative therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolism. Targeting lipid metabolism holds promise for potentially enhancing the prognosis of HCC.Keywords: cholesterol, fatty acid, hepatocellular carcinoma, lipid uptake, lipid catabolism, lipid synthesis

Enyi Zhu,1,2,* Ming Zhong,3,* Tiantian Liang,4,* Yu Liu,3,* Keping Wu,1,2 Zhijuan Zhang,1,2 Shuping Zhao,1,2 Hui Guan,5 Jiasi Chen,6 Li-Zhen Zhang,7 Yimin Zhang1,2 1The Division of Nephrology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, People’s Republic of China; 2Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 517108, People’s Republic of China; 4Nephrology Division, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yimin Zhang, The Division of Nephrology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China, Email zhangyim@mail.sysu.edu.cn Li-Zhen Zhang, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China, Email zhanglzh3@mail2.sysu.edu.cnObjective: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) represents the principal cause of end-stage renal diseases worldwide, lacking effective therapies. Fatty acid (FA) serves as the primary energy source in the kidney and its dysregulation is frequently observed in DN. Nevertheless, the roles of FA metabolism in the occurrence and progression of DN have not been fully elucidated.Methods: Three DN datasets (GSE96804/GSE30528/GSE104948) were obtained and combined. Differentially expressed FA metabolism-related genes were identified and subjected to DN classification using “ConsensusClusterPlus”. DN subtypes-associated modules were discovered by “WGCNA”, and module genes underwent functional enrichment analysis. The immune landscapes and potential drugs were analyzed using “CIBERSORT” and “CMAP”, respectively. Candidate diagnostic biomarkers of DN were screened using machine learning algorithms. A prediction model was constructed, and the performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The online tool “Nephroseq v5” was conducted to reveal the clinical significance of the candidate diagnostic biomarkers in patients with DN. A DN mouse model was established to verify the biomarkers’ expression.Results: According to 39 dysregulated FA metabolism-related genes, DN samples were divided into two molecular subtypes. Patients in Cluster B exhibited worse outcomes with a different immune landscape compared with those in Cluster A. Ten potential small-molecular drugs were predicted to treat DN in Cluster B. The diagnostic model based on PRKAR2B/ANXA1 was created with ideal predictive values in early and advanced stages of DN. The correlation analysis revealed significant association between PRKAR2B/ANXA1 and clinical characteristics. The DN mouse model validated the expression patterns of PRKAR2B/ANXA1.Conclusion: Our study provides new insights into the role of FA metabolism in the classification, immunological pathogenesis, early diagnosis, and precise therapy of DN.Keywords: diabetic nephropathy, fatty acid metabolism, molecular subtypes, immune landscape, pharmacotherapy, diagnostic model

Wei W, Mo X, Yan L, et al. Cancer Manag Res. 2020;12:15–30. We, the Editor and Publisher of the journal Cancer Management and Research have retracted the published article. Following publication, concerns were raised regarding the use of non-verifiable cell lines described in the article. The concerns related specifically to the use of cell lines which were found to be either contaminated, wrongly identified, improperly indexed, unavailable through external cell line repositories, and/or lacking publications describing their establishment. Overall, these concerns raised doubts about the validity of the findings described in the article. The corresponding author did not respond to our queries and was unable to provide information relating to the use of these cell lines or provide original data relating to the study. As verifying the validity of published work is core to the integrity of the scholarly record, the Publisher and Editor requested to retract the article and the corresponding author was notified of this decision. We have been informed in our decision-making by our editorial policies and COPE guidelines. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”.

Despite high hepatitis B (HBV) prevalence among people of Vietnamese ethnicity in Australia and elsewhere, there is limited research on levels of HBV knowledge and factors associated with such knowledge. The aim of this study was to examine HBV knowledge and associated demographic and attitudinal factors among people of Vietnamese ethnicity in Australia. People of Vietnamese ethnicity (n = 966) were recruited through community events and social media groups to complete online surveys measuring HBV knowledge, attitudes towards HBV, levels of mistrust in Western medicine, and demographic characteristics. Findings of this study indicate that levels of knowledge are mixed, with gaps in knowledge related to transmission and treatment of the virus. Those with greater knowledge of HBV tended to be older, have higher levels of formal education, have been tested for HBV, and know someone living with HBV. Those with lower levels of knowledge tended to have more negative attitudes towards the virus and greater levels of mistrust in Western medicine. Given that health literacy is connected to effective communication from health providers, we suggest that there is a need for the development of health promotion and education resources targeted at people of Vietnamese ethnicity and translated into Vietnamese. We propose that such resources be developed in consultation with Vietnamese communities and health providers to ensure that they are culturally appropriate and sensitive to people of Vietnamese ethnicity living in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ruthenium nanoparticles stabilised by an amine‐modified Ordered Mesoporous Silica Immobilized Ionic Liquid (OMSIIL) are efficient catalysts for the partial reduction of nitrobenzene to hydrazobenzene with 100 % selectivity as well as the complete reduction to aniline. High selectivity for the partial reduction of nitrobenzene to hydrazobenzene was obtained when the reaction was conducted in ethanol with 0.5 mol% catalyst and NaBH4 as the hydrogen donor whereas aniline was obtained as the sole product in water when dimethylamine borane (DMAB) was used as the hydrogen donor. Interestingly, while a range of electron poor nitroarenes were reduced to the corresponding hydrazoarene with high selectivities and good conversions, nitroarenes substituted with electron donating groups resulted in complete reduction to the aniline. Composition‐time profiles suggest that reductions conducted in ethanol with sodium borohydride occur via the condensation pathway while those conducted in water using dimethylamine borane as the hydrogen source may well go via the direct pathway. This is the first example of the selective reduction of nitrobenzene to hydrazobenzene using a ruthenium nanoparticle‐based catalyst and the initial TOF of 320 mol nitrobenzene converted mol Ru−1 h−1 for the partial reduction of nitrobenzene to hydrazobenzene is markedly higher than previous literature reports. A study of the catalyst performance as a function of the surface modification revealed that each component has a direct and dramatic effect on the efficacy as RuNPs stabilised by COK‐12 modified with imidazolium‐based ionic liquid and a primary amine gave the highest conversion while selective removal of either component or replacement of the primary amine with a tertiary amine resulted in a marked reduction in efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the perforating characteristics of Zr-based bulk metallic glass fragments against thin steel target, ballistic experiments were carried out to measure ballistic the limit velocities of fragments perforating against different thicknesses of targets. The fragments were driven by a 57 mm one-stage light gas gun to impact the thin steel target. The numerical model of Zr-based bulk metallic glass fragments perforating against thin steel target was established using Autodyn2D commercial software, and the perforating process and perforating mechanism were analyzed by numerical simulation. The semi-empirical model to predict the ballistic limit velocity was fitted. An energy model for calculating the residual velocity of a fragment was derived based on the conservation of energy. The theoretical results of the semi-empirical model and the energy model are in good agreement with experiment results and simulation results. And the energy model has good applicability without fitting the parameters for different target thicknesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new spectral conjugate subgradient method is presented to solve nonsmooth unconstrained optimization problems. The method combines the spectral conjugate gradient method for smooth problems with the spectral subgradient method for nonsmooth problems. We study the effect of two different choices of line search, as well as three formulas for determining the conjugate directions. In addition to numerical experiments with standard nonsmooth test problems, we also apply the method to several image reconstruction problems in computed tomography, using total variation regularization. Performance profiles are used to compare the performance of the algorithm using different line search strategies and conjugate directions to that of the original spectral subgradient method. Our results show that the spectral conjugate subgradient algorithm outperforms the original spectral subgradient method, and that the use of the Polak–Ribière formula for conjugate directions provides the best and most robust performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system and is characterized by abnormal hypersensitivity to stimuli and nociceptive responses to non-noxious stimuli, affecting approximately 7-10% of the general population. However, current first-line drugs like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and opioids have limitations, including dose-limiting side effects, dependence, and tolerability issues. Therefore, developing new interventions for the management of NP is urgent. In this study, we discovered that the high-frequency terahertz stimulation (HFTS) at approximately 36 THz effectively alleviates NP symptoms in mice with spared nerve injury. Computational simulation suggests that the frequency resonates with the carbonyl group in the filter region of Kv1.2 channels, facilitating the translocation of potassium ions. In vivo and in vitro results demonstrate that HFTS reduces the excitability of pyramidal neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex likely through enhancing the voltage-gated K + and also the leak K + conductance. This research presents a novel optical intervention strategy with terahertz waves for the treatment of NP and holds promising applications in other nervous system diseases., Competing Interests: WP, PW, CT, HZ, KC, HS, YT, AL, ZZ, YY, KW, CC, YW, TC No competing interests declared, (© 2024, Peng, Wang, Tan et al.)

Electronic systems and devices operating at significant power levels demand sophisticated solutions for heat dissipation. Although materials with high thermal conductivity hold promise for exceptional thermal transport across nano- and microscale interfaces under ideal conditions, their performance often falls short by several orders of magnitude in the complex thermal interfaces typical of real-world applications. This study introduces mechanochemistry-mediated colloidal liquid metals composed of Galinstan and aluminium nitride to bridge the practice-theory disparity. These colloids demonstrate thermal resistances of between 0.42 and 0.86 mm 2  K W -1 within actual thermal interfaces, outperforming leading thermal conductors by over an order of magnitude. This superior performance is attributed to the gradient heterointerface with efficient thermal transport across liquid-solid interfaces and the notable colloidal thixotropy. In practical devices, experimental results demonstrate their capacity to extract 2,760 W of heat from a 16 cm 2 thermal source when coupled with microchannel cooling, and can facilitate a 65% reduction in pump electricity consumption. This advancement in thermal interface technology offers a promising solution for efficient and sustainable cooling of devices operating at kilowatt levels., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are promising materials for electrochemical energy applications due to their excellent catalytic performance and durability. However, the controlled synthesis of HEAs with a well-defined structure and a uniform composition distribution remains a challenge. Herein, a soft template-assisted electrodeposition technique is used to fabricate a mesoporous HEA (m-HEA) film with a uniform composition distribution of Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, and Cu, providing a suitable platform for investigating structure-performance relationships. Electrochemical deposition enables the uniform nucleation and grain growth of m-HEA, which can be deposited onto many conductive substrates. The m-HEA film exhibits an enhanced mass activity of 4.2 A mg Pt -1 toward methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), which is 7.2-fold and 35-fold higher than a mesoporous Pt film and commercial Pt black, respectively. Experimental characterization indicates that structural defects and a low work function of the m-HEA film offer sufficient active sites and fast electron-transfer kinetics. Furthermore, theoretical calculations demonstrate that the variety of favorable adsorption sites on multimetallic elements of HEA reduces the barriers for dehydration pathways and *CO species removal, ensuring optimal performance for complex MOR reactions. This work provides an effective approach to designing a variety of HEA catalysts with well-controlled porous structures for targeted electrocatalytic applications.

Atherosclerosis, a major cause of cardiovascular diseases, is characterized by the accumulation of oxidized lipoproteins (ox-LDL) within arterial walls, leading to inflammation and plaque formation. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and vascular protective properties, but its role in modulating macrophage endocytosis of ox-LDL and its impact on early atherosclerosis development remains unclear. Macrophage cultures were utilized for ox-LDL uptake experiments. Macrophages were pretreated with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) (50 μmol/L) or propargylglycine (PPG, 3 mmol/L) for 1 h, followed by incubation with DiI-ox-LDL (10 μg/mL) for an additional 2 h. DiI-ox-LDL uptake was visualized using live-cell imaging. The expression of scavenger receptors CD36 and SR-A was assessed through immunofluorescent staining and western blot analysis. To determine the intracellular signal transduction pathways involved, macrophages were pretreated with NF-κB pathway blocker pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or MAPK inhibitor PD98059 before the addition of NaHS. NaHS significantly inhibited ox-LDL uptake by macrophages, while PPG treatment markedly increased this process. Immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis revealed that the expressions of CD36 and SR-A were induced by ox-LDL but inhibited by NaHS in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, H 2 S down-regulated ox-LDL receptors CD36 and SR-A through the NF-κB signal pathway. H 2 S inhibits early atherosclerosis development by modulating macrophage uptake of ox-LDL through the down-regulation of CD36 and SR-A receptors via the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings provide new evidence for the role of H 2 S in atherosclerosis and its potential therapeutic value., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

In this work, a smart self-healing coating with long-term anticorrosion ability was developed based on multiresponsive polyaniline (PANI) porous microspheres. The polyaniline porous microspheres loaded with corrosion inhibitor (benzotriazole, BTA) was prepared by the emulsion template method and photopolymerization. The BTA loaded in the polyaniline microspheres acted as a corrosion inhibitor, while the polyaniline in the shell performed the multiple functions of corrosion inhibition, pH-responsive and photoresponsive release, and photothermal conversion. Owing to the inherent corrosion-inhibiting nature of BTA and PANI, the BTA-loaded polyaniline microsphere could endow coating with dual anticorrosive properties. The coating with polyaniline microspheres did not show any corrosion product after 700 h of salt spray testing, while obvious pitting corrosion could be observed for the blank coating after 100 h of the salt spray test. Thanks to the photothermal properties of PANI, the composite coating exhibited self-healing behavior under NIR light irradiation. The coating with 10 wt % polyaniline microspheres could achieve rapid closure and recover its barrier properties within 5 s of NIR irradiation. And the release of BTA could form a passivation film on scratches to further repair coating defects. The on-command responsive release, high healing efficiency, and excellent anticorrosion properties of this dual self-healing anticorrosion coating provide perspectives on extending the service life of metals.

In this work, a novel Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor was constructed using PCN-224-Mn and gold-platinum nanoflowers (AuPt NFs) for the ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A (OTA). PCN-224 modified with Mn (II) was synthesized as a probe material. The interaction efficiency of PCN-224 with S 2 O 8 2- was also greatly improved. AuPt NFs were used as the substrate material for the electrodes. It has favorable biocompatibility, large specific surface area and can bind more antigen. Also greatly increased the electroactive surface area and conductivity of the electrode. OTA was detected using a competitive immunoassay strategy, in which OTA in the sample competes with the encapsulated antigen for a finite number of antibodies. ECLIA for the detection of OTA was designed to be highly sensitive, with a linear range from 0.0002 ng mL -1 to 1000 ng mL -1 and a LOD as low as 0.067 pg mL -1 . In addition, it was evident from the electrochemical analyses that PCN-224-Mn had a stronger and more stable ECL signal compared to the plain PCN-224. The successful preparation of specific, sensitive and reproducible ECL immunosensors confirms the great promise for the detection of OTA or other small molecule mycotoxins., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We wish to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome. We confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors and that there are no other persons who satisfied the criteria for authorship but are not listed. We further confirm that the order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by all of us. We confirm that we have given due consideration to the protection of intellectual property associated with this work and that there are no impediments to publication, including the timing of publication, with respect to intellectual property. In so doing we confirmed that we have followed the regulations of our institutions concerning intellectual property. We further confirm that any aspect of the work covered in this manuscript that has involved experimental animals has been conducted with the ethical approval of all relevant bodies and that such approvals are acknowledged within the manuscript. We understand that the Corresponding Author is the sole contact for the Editorial process. He is responsible for communicating with the other authors about progress, submissions of revisions and final approval of proofs. We confirm that we have provided a current, correct email address which is accessible by the Corresponding Author and which has been configured to accept email from lijgsd@suda.edu.cn., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

ALPINE (NCT03734016) established the superiority of zanubrutinib over ibrutinib in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma (R/R CLL/SLL); here we present data from the final comparative analysis with extended follow-up. Overall, 652 patients received zanubrutinib (n=327) or ibrutinib (n=325). At an overall median follow-up of 42.5 months, progression-free survival benefit with zanubrutinib vs ibrutinib was sustained (HR: 0.68 [95% CI, 0.54-0.84]), including in patients with del(17p)/TP53 mutation (HR: 0.51 [95% CI, 0.33-0.78]) and across multiple sensitivity analyses. Overall response rate remained higher with zanubrutinib compared with ibrutinib (85.6% vs 75.4%); responses deepened over time with complete response/complete response with incomplete bone marrow recovery rates of 11.6% (zanubrutinib) and 7.7% (ibrutinib). While median overall survival has not been reached in either treatment group, fewer zanubrutinib patients have died than ibrutinib patients (HR: 0.77 [95% CI, 0.55-1.06]). With median exposure time of 41.2 and 37.8 months in zanubrutinib and ibrutinib arms, respectively, the most common non-hematologic adverse events included COVID-19-related infection (46.0% vs 33.3%), diarrhea (18.8% vs 25.6%), upper respiratory tract infection (29.3% vs 19.8%), and hypertension (27.2% vs 25.3%). Cardiac events were lower with zanubrutinib (25.9% vs 35.5%) despite similar rates of hypertension. Incidence of atrial fibrillation/flutter was lower with zanubrutinib vs ibrutinib (7.1% vs 17.0%); no cardiac deaths were reported with zanubrutinib vs six cardiac deaths with ibrutinib. This analysis, at 42.5 months median follow-up, demonstrates that zanubrutinib remains more efficacious than ibrutinib with an improved overall safety/tolerability profile., (Copyright © 2024 American Society of Hematology.)